• 대한간호학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.665-675
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of people with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Korea. The specific aim was to identify major problems that people with CHB face and strategies that they are dealing with. Methods: A grounded theory method was utilized. The data were collected by individual in-depth interviews from 12 CHB patients from one of the major hospitals in Korea. Results: After constant comparative analysis, a core category emerged as "illness management with self-reliance and will." Seven major strategies that were identified in dealing with the illness were maintaining receptive and positive attitudes; restraining excessive work and greed; searching for information; controlling illness information; adhering to practices for not spreading the viral disease; abstaining from alcohol and smoking and maintaining healthy eating habits; nd using alternative therapies. The outcomes that result from employing these strategies were identified as burden, depression and helplessness, stress for maintaining compliance, and dispirited interpersonal relationships. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that most people with CHB in Korea have problems in psychosocial area. Thus health professionals need to provide not only informational support but also emotional one to improve quality of life of the people with CHB.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.255-268
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• 1993

This descriptive correlational research was conducted to compare the relationship between self-esteem performance of antenatal care and health pro-motion lifestyles for unmarried and married pregnant women. The sample consisted of 94 married women attending one general hospital and residing in Seoul and 82 unmarried women from two social institutes for unmarried women. The tool used for this study was a structured questionnaire which was developed and revised by the researcher. The tool consisted of 12 items related to demographic characteristics, 10 items on self-esteem measurement, 20 items on performance of antenatal care and 37 items on health promotion lifestyle profile. The data collected from the interviews were analyzing using the SPSS, yielding frequencies, percentiles, means, standard deviations, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. The results of this study are as follows : 1) The demographic variables for the two groups were heterogenous except for religion. 2) The results of the comparison between the two groups were significantly different for self-esteem, married women(mean 20.41, standard deviation 3. 94) had higher scores on self-esteem than unmarried women(mean 24.02, standard deviation 4.11), (t=-5.91, p .001) 3) There was a stastically significant difference between the two groups on the health promotion lifestyle profile. The married women had higher scores on the health promotion lifestyle profile (t=7.22, p〈.001) 4) The score for married women on performance of antenatal care has higher than the score for unmarried women(t=8.83, p〈.001) 5) With regard to the relationship between health promotion lifestyle and performance of antenatal care and self-esteem, the correlation coefficient between self-esteem and health Promotion lifestyle for married women was .45, between per formance of antenatal care and health promotion lifestyle, .54, between self-esteem and performance of antenatal care, .32. For the unmarried women, between self-esteem and health promotion lifestyle, .39, between performance of antenatal care and health promotion lifestyle, .67, between self-esteem and performance of antenatal care, .30. 6) There was a statistically significant different between the two groups on all subconcepts of the health promotion lifestyle profile (p〈.001). 7) Comparison of the order of the scores between the two groups for the married women showed that the highest score was for nutrition, then self-actualization, interpersonal support, health responsibility, stress management and exercise in that order. For the unmarried women the highest score was for self-actualization followed by nutrition, interpersonal support, stress management, health responsibility, and exercise in that order. The score in the exercise domain was lowest in both groups. In conclusion, on the basis of the results of this study, resources and protection facilities for unmarried pregnant women could be improved through government policies and health care policies that would allow unmarried women to utilize significant social support resources and actualize health pro-motion lifestyles. Nursing should offer interventions to increase psychosocial adjustment and support tp improve the quality of life for unmarried pregnant women and further to promote improved growth and development of the infants.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2014

Purpose: Cigarette smoking causes many kinds of cancer, and it is more closely related with lung cancer, rather than other cancers. Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer and ninety percent of the smokers are male in China, but there is little published data concerning the psychological responses in the male smokers with lung cancer and its influence on the symptom burden. The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis that male smokers with lung cancer have more positive attitude and less symptom burden, comparing to male non-smokers. Methods: A total of 194 men with cancer in West China Hospital, Sichuan, China, were assessed by self-administered questionnaire. Psychological response was measured by the Chinese version of Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer scale (Mini-MAC), and symptom burden was measured by the physical symptom distress scale from the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL). Results: We found that smokers with lung cancer got higher scores in positive attitude and a smaller symptom burden than non-smokers. Patients with education lower than high school got higher scores of positive attitude compared to college graduate patients (p=0.038). Smokers with lung cancer who knew the potential carcinogenicity of cigarette showed less negative emotions (p=0.011). The psychological response was not affected by age, clinical stage, cell type, smoking duration and amount. Conclusions: Male smokers with lung cancer have a more positive attitude and fewer symptoms, comparing to male non-smokers. Appropriate psychological intervention for non-smokers with lung cancer deserves more attention.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.31-47
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• 1994

The purposes of this research are to examine the effects of muscle relaxation to the rheumatoid arthritis patients' physiological, psychological, and social adaptation, and to verify that the technique Is an effective tool for improving the patients' adaptation. This research utilized a qusi-experimental design that compares the pre-experiment measures and the post-experiment measures. The subjects of this study were 37 out-patients who were diagnosed for rheumatoid arthritis in P university hospital and K clinic between September 12, 1993 and November 30, 1993. The experimental group consisted of patients treated on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. The control group consisted of patients treated on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday The pre-experimental survey utilized the following tools. The physiological adaptation was measured by a graphic rating scale for pain and activity of daily living. The psychological adaptation was measured by Zung's depression scale and Rosenberg's self-esteem scale : and the social adaptation was measured by Derogatis' psychosocial adjustment scale. The experimental group received muscle relaxation treatment for 15 minutes per day for the period of 2 weeks, the control group received no treatment and had quiet time. The post-experiment measurement was carried out similar to the pre-experiment survey, SPSS $PC^+$ is used to analyze the collected data. The reliabilities of the measurement tools were examined by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficients. The homogeneities between the experimental and control groups were tested by t-test and chi-square test, hypotheses were tested by t-test. This research found that the general characteristics between the groups were statistically homogenious. The physiological, psychological, and social adaptation between the groups in the pre-experimental survey were also statistically homogenious. The results of this research can be summarized as follows : 1. Concerning the Physiological adaptation, the experimental group showed a statistically lower pain score than the control group. Thus, muscle relaxation was effective to relieve the pain of rheumatoid arthritis patients (t=-2.95, p=.006). 2. Concerning the psychological adaptation, the experimental group showed a statistically lower depression score than the control group. Thus, muscle relaxation was effective to reduce the patient's depression(t=-4.00, p=.001). 3. Concerning social adaptation, the experimental group showed a statistically higher score for the health maintenance and disease control than the control groups. Thus, muscle relaxation was effective for the health maintenance and disease control (t=2.09, p=.004). This research showed that the muscle relaxation is a nursing intervention that can promote the physiological, psychological and social adaptation of the rheumatoid arthritis patients in terms of short-term and cognitive changes. However, more fundomental changes in behavior and long-term physiology could not be found through such a short-term relaxation treatment.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.437-444
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• 2009

Purpose: Transgender is a disorder of gender identity, who have appropriate chromosomal, hormonal and anatomical characteristics corresponding to their sexual phenotype but feel strongly with respect to their sexual identity, that they belong to the opposite sex. There is a persistence discomfort and sense of inappropriateness about one's assigned sex in a person who has reached puberty. Transgender is a psychiatric problem, but surgical method provides more satisfactory adjustment for patients. In gender reassignment surgery for female to male transgender, mastectomy, nipple reduction, hysterectomy, oophorectomy and phalloplasty are included. And as the final operation, recommended for scrotoplasty and artificial testes insertion. So we investigated the necessity and method of scrotoplasty in the final operation of female to male transgender. Method: The authors have long term follow-up of 75 cases female to male transgender during January, 1991 to February, 2008. Among them, 13 cases were evaluated in this study. During phalloplasty, the labium major skin preserved. And this labium majoral skin flap was made for the neoscrotum. At least six months later, artificial testes were inserted in neoscrotum with local anesthesia. Middle sized (3 cm diameter) artificial testes(silicon gel or carving soft silicone implant) were used because of the limitation of the neoscrotum. We evaluated the questionnaire and interview about the postoperative satisfaction in configuration of reconstructed scrotum, and the necessity of operation, the postoperative psychosocioeconomic improvement and limitation of body exposure activities such as swimming, public bathing. Results: Based on this study, satisfaction of reconstructed scrotum after scrotoplasty was improved(92%). The necessity of scrotoplasty was in 92.3% and the postoperative psychosocioeconomic well - being improvement was 77% in answers. Less limitation of activities requiring body exposure was 54% in answers. Most of the patients were satisfied with the results of surgical operation inspite of the operative procedure had some postoperative complications. Conclusion: This study was reported that the scrotoplasty in female to male transgender is not only a conversion of external genitalia but also an improvement of psychosocial state. Most patients sincerely hope to this operation, so we improve our surgical method for more good results.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.238-247
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• 2021

선천성 치아결손은 가장 흔한 치아의 발육장애인데, 이 중 제3대구치를 제외한 6개 이상의 치아가 상실된 경우를 부분무치증(oligodontia)이라 한다. 이러한 치아결손은 부정교합, 치조제 위축, 심미적인 문제 및 사회심리적인 문제 등을 초래한다. 14개의 영구치 결손과 상악궁의 치조제 위축, 하악의 전돌 등이 관찰되는 부분무치증 환자에서 다학제 치료계획을 수립하였다. 만기잔존유치의 발거와 교정치료를 선행하여 보철수복공간을 확보하고 불량한 치축을 개선하였으나, 구치부 절단교합과 상악 치조제의 위축으로 인한 악궁 간 크기 차이가 잔존하였다. 치아결손 부위에 임플란트 식립을 이용한 고정성 보철수복을 계획하여 심미성과 기능성을 회복하고자 하였다. 골이식을 최소화하도록 임플란트의 식립 부위와 개수를 결정하였고, 보철물의 형태를 고려하였으며, 임시수복물에서 심미성과 교합안정성을 평가하였다. 점진적인 임시수복물 조정과정을 통해 적절한 중심교합과 측방운동 시 균형적인 교합을 형성하였으며, 이를 반영한 최종보철물을 제작하여 수복하였다. 현재 안정적으로 기능하고 있으나 전 생애에 걸친 유지관리 치료가 필요하다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.220-235
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• 1999

목 적：실업계 ${\cdot}$ 인문계 여고생들의 자살태도, 자아상, 불안과 우울 정도를 평가를 해보고, 자살태도와 불안, 우울, 자아상 사이에서의 비교연구를 하였다. 방 법：정신사회적 환경에서 차이가 있을 것으로 추정되는 실업계 여고생 161명과, 인문계 여고생 165명(총 326명)이 본 연구에 참가하였다. 자살에 대한 태도를 평가하기 위해서 Suicide Opinion Questionnaire(SOQ)가 시행되어졌고, 불안, 우울과 자아상을 알아보기 위해서 Zung' Self-rating Anxiety Scale(ZAS), K-Beck Depression Inventory(KBDI), Offer's Self Image Questionnaire(OSIQ)가 각각 본 연구에서 실행되어졌다. 결 과：1) 표본에서 추출된 326명의 SOQ검사결과를 가지고 요인분석을 시행한 결과, 5개의 요인이 추출되었는데, 각 요인은 윤리, 종교, 정신장애, 허용도, 복수에 관한 요인들이었으며, 이중 복수에 관한 요인에서 양군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 2) SOQ에서는 복수요인에서 양군간에 유의한 차이가 있었고, 실업계 여학생에서 그 경향성이 더 높았으며, OSIQ에서는 가족관계 요인과 상위적응 요인에서 양군간에 유의한 차이가 있었는데, 인문계 여학생에서 상대적으로 그 경향성이 더 두드러지는 양상을 보여 주었다. ZAS와 KBDI의 경우에서는 양군간에 통계학적인 유의성을 찾을수가 없었다. 3) SOQ, OSIQ, ZAS, KBDI간의 상관분석에서 유의한 상관성을 보이는 요인은, SOQ의 윤리 요인과 OSIQ의 신체 및 자기상, 감정기조, 외계의 극복 요인이 역상관성을 보였고, SOQ의 정신장애 요인과 OSIQ의 신체 및 자기상, 내적 가치관이 역상관성을 보였고, 정신병리 요인과 비례적인 상관성을 보였다. SOQ의 정신장애 요인과 ZAS, KBDI가 역상관성을 보였고, 허용도 요인과 ZAS와 KBDI가 비례적인 상관성을 보였다. 결 론：본 연구에서 실업계 ${\cdot}$ 인문계 여학생들은 대체적으로 자살을 윤리적으로 죄악시하고 정신장애로 보는 경향이 있었고, 실업계 여학생들은 복수의 경향성이 상대적으로 두드러지는 양상을 보여주었다. 그러나, 신경정신과적 병력이 있거나 자살사고를 가지고 있는 경우에 있어서는 자살에 대해서 보다 더 수용적인 태도를 보여주었다. ZAS와 KBDI가 유의하게 높은 경우에 있어서도 자살에 대해서 보다 더 허용적인 태도를 보여 주었는데, 이는 상황대처 수단으로서 자살이 시도될수 있는 여지를 남겨둔다고 볼수 있겠다.