• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.4 s.82
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• pp.75-92
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• 2006

This study examines the psychological independence in the family system of unmarried women to see how well they become psychologically independent within the relationships with family. A total of 452 subjects of the study were sampled from 20 to 30 unmarried women living in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi-do. The results of the study are as follows: First, the scores of unmarried women's perception of family system were normal category. The scores of family system of unmarried women showed to be distributed to high scores among the overall ranges of scores which means they recognized their family system in general in a healthy way. Second, the level of the subjects' psychological independence from their fathers was shown to be higher than that from their mothers. The result means unmarried women were more dependent on their mothers than fathers. Third, the family system of unmarried women affected the level of psychological independence from their parents. The sub-factors of the family system significantly affected the level of psychological independence. Particularly, enmeshed and disengaged boundary and cooperative factors between spouses and generations affected the level of psychological independence. Fourth, the family system affected each sub-factor of psychological independence of unmarried women. Even though family system were different depending on each sub-factor of psychological independence, they affected the level of psychological independence.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.175-189
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• 2008

This study examined influences of mothers' attachment experience and separation-anxious psychological control and of adolescents' attachment on adolescents' psychological independence. Participants were 302 high school students (106 boys; 196 girls) and their mothers. Data were collected via questionnaires. Data analyses were by Pearson's correlation and Hierarchical Multiple Regression. Results showed that 1) Mothers' attachment experience with their mothers was positively related to girls' attachment to their mothers; mothers' separation-anxious psychological control was negatively related to adolescents' attachment. 2) Adolescents' attachment to their mothers predicted their emotional and functional psychological independence negatively. 3) Mothers' psychological control was negatively related to functional independence of boys but positively related to emotional independence of both boys and girls.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.575-588
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• 2008

The research is find out the importance of psychological separation of high school students and the effects of this separation from their parents on depression. The data were collected boys(108) and girls(120) second-grade high school students in Jeonbuk area and analyzed Independent-Samples T-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation in use of SPSS WIN 11.5 program. The main results are as follows.: 1, Psychological separation from farther was that girls were higher in attitudinal independence than boys. Psychological separation from mother was that boys were higher in functional, emotional independence than girls. There was no significant differences in depression between boys and girls. 2. In the relation between psychological separation from father and depression, girls showed negative correlation attitude independence and both of boys and girls showed positive correlation in conflictual independence. In the relation between psychological separation from mother and depression, boys showed negative correlation in attitude independence and girls showed negative correlation in functional, attitudinal independence and both of boys and girls showed positive correlation in conflictual independence. 3. Psychological separation from father by the level of depression was related attitudinal, conflictual independence for girls and was related conflictual independence for boys. Psychological separation from mother by the level of depression was related functional, attitudinal, conflictual independence for girls and was related attitudinal, conflictual independence for boys. Finally, the more severe depression was related higher conflict independence from their parents.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.19-32
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to identify the influences of psychological independence(functional independence and emotional independence) and career decision-making self-efficacy(self-estimation, career goal, occupational-knowledge, and problem solving) on career maturity(preparation, objective, decisiveness, and certainty) among adolescents. The subjects were 447 students in the second grade of middle school and high school in D. The questionnaire consist of measures of psychological independence, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career maturity. The data were analysed with factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression by using the SPSS(SPSS/WIN 19.0) program. The major results were as follows. First, adolescents' the career maturity was significantly different depending on the socio-demographic variables. Second, it was shown that middle and high school students have a statically relation, in a relation among psychological independence, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career maturity. Third, it was found that psychological independence and career decision-making self-efficacy gave statistically meaningful influence on the career maturity of adolescents. This study is significant in that it suggests a plan for improving career maturity, and provides a basic material to improve one's active role in their parents. In addition, the results of this study can be used as a fundamental reference in career development programs and career-counseling centers at schools for enhancing adolescents' career development and success.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.291-305
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine how the career maturity of high school students was affected directly or indirectly by psychological separation from their mothers and through the mediation of self-concept. The subjects in this study were 496 juniors from regular high school in the city of Daegu, who included 243 boys and 253 girls. The measurements of this study were a career-maturity inventory, psychological separation inventory (PSI), and self-concept scale. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, career maturity had significantly positive correlation to conflictual independence from mothers for them. Second, as for the influence of psychological separation, and self-concept on career maturity, three variables, including competence self-concept, home self-concept, attitudinal independence from mothers, classroom self-concept, had significantly explanation of career maturity. Third, as a result of making a path analysis of the impact of psychological separation from mothers on career maturity through the medium of self-concept, conflictual independence gave a direct impact only, and its indirect effect was insignificant. The attitudinal independence showed both direct and indirect influences, for mothers had a significantly indirect impact only.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.430-444
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• 2019

This paper investigates the relationship between psychological independence and entrepreneurial intention of college students and the importance of entrepreneurship through empirical analysis. Therefore, In June 2018. A total of 214 samples were collected from 220 collected samples. The main findings are as follows: Firstly, psychological independence has a positive (+) effect on the entrepreneurship, but it cannot make a direct impact on the entrepreneurial intention. Secondly, It is confirmed that the entrepreneuship has a significant positive effect on each of the entrepreneurial intention. Thirdly, it is confirmed that entrepreneurship has a fully mediating role in the relationship between psychological independence and entrepreneurial intention. Fourthly, It is confirmed that the higher the entrepreneurship among male students, the stronger entrepreneurial intention, but there is no sexual difference in the relationship between psychological independence and entrepreneurship, psychological independence and entrepreneurial intention. In this paper, it has been confirmed that it is important to create a preceding factor of the entrepreneurial intention like psychological independence.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.97-107
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• 2021

Nowadays, with the constant enhancement in the health of the economy, the average income and living standard have accordingly increased, making the need for financial independence a favorable choice. This research aims to identify the factors affecting the financial independence of young people. The authors implement quantitative analysis, with a set of primary data collected from a survey of 2664 Vietnamese people aged from 18 to 28. The research results demonstrate the considerable impact of monetary, psychological, group-related, and family-related factors on the financial independence of young people. The results of the sample analysis provide adequate evidence to reject the correlative relationship between family and group factors and the financial independence of young people. In addition, there are 3 factors, including demographic factors, monetary factors, and psychological factors, all have varying degrees and directions of influence on young people's financial independence. Most of the mentioned variables reflect a positive effect on financial independence. The only exception is the education variable, illustrated by its negative standardized beta value. A significant difference in financial independence between genders also is reported, suggesting that males seem to have a higher level of financial independence than females.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.657-667
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of participation in sports for all on independent living and social physique anxiety in people with physical disabilities. Participants were 311 individuals with physical disabilities who participated in local sports competition and sports for all in B-city, U-city, and K-province. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 in this study. Several data analyses were used: frequency analysis, reliability analysis, validity analysis, and simple regression analysis. The results were as follows. First, participation in sports for all positively influenced social independence, psychological independence, physical independence, and overall independence in individuals with physical disabilities. Second, participation had a negative effect on social physique anxiety. Third, physical independence and overall independence showed a negative effect on social physique anxiety, whereas, social independence and psychological independence showed a no effect on social physique anxiety.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2655-2663
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate psychological separation, depression and antidepressive coping behaviors and to examine the relationship between psychological separation, and depression in Korean university students. The subjects were 131 students who were in 4 university in Chungcheong-do, Korea. The data were collected through self reported structured questionnaire using the psychological separation index, beck depression inventory and antidepressive coping behaviors instrument. The level of depression was classified into; not depressed, 54.2%; mildly depressed, 22.9%; moderately depressed, 16.8%; severely depressed, 6.1%. Among antidepressive coping behaviors, cognitive activity-oriented behaviors was the one with highest percentage(30.8%). Depression was negatively related to functional independence, attitudinal independence, emotional independence from father and conflictual independence from mother. And depression was positively related to conflictual independence from father. These results suggest that it is necessary to develop nursing intervention to strengthen psychological separation form parents and to be able to help desirable antidepressive coping behaviors for the psychological health of university students.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to seek for a performance level of functional independence of the long term care elderly people. This study questionnaires 160 elders with 80 in a large city and 80 in small－to－medium sized city in order to find out the functional independence of elderly people. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Functional independence level following health factor; The comparison of degrees of functional independence level between two groups showed significant difference in sanitation, drinking and smoking, eating habit, chronic disease, physical activities, and regular physical examination(P<.05). But the comparison between two groups was not showed significant difference in present treatment, regular exercise. 2. Functional independence level following Psychological factor; The comparison of degrees of functional independence level between two groups showed significant difference in health evaluation(P<.05). But the comparison between two groups was not showed significant difference in quality of life. In conclusion it is needed that stable housing, much physical activities, and diversified family members should be realized and stable livelihood security recipients to maintain and improve health of the aged and to be socially satisfied.