• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2022

The present study focused on lithocholic acid (LCA), a secondary bile acid that contributes to cholestatic pruritus. Although recent studies have found that LCA acts on MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor family member X4 (MRGPRX4) in humans, it is unclear which subtypes of MRGPRs are activated by LCA in mice since there is no precise ortholog of human MRGPRX4 in the mouse genome. Using calcium imaging, we found that LCA could activate mouse Mrgpra1 when transiently expressed in HEK293T cells. Moreover, LCA similarly activates mouse Mrgprb2. Importantly, LCA-induced responses showed dose-dependent effects through Mrgpra1 and Mrgprb2. Moreover, treatment with QWF (an antagonist of Mrgpra1 and Mrgprb2), YM254890 (Gα_q inhibitor), and U73122 (an inhibitor of phospholipase C) significantly suppressed the LCA-induced responses, implying that the LCA-induced responses are indeed mediated by Mrgpra1 and Mrgprb2. Furthermore, LCA activated primary cultures of mouse sensory neurons and peritoneal mast cells, suggesting that Mrgpra1 and Mrgprb2 contribute to LCA-induced pruritus. However, acute injection of LCA did not induce noticeable differences in scratching behavior, implying that the pruritogenic role of LCA may be marginal in non-cholestatic conditions. In summary, the present study identified for the first time that LCA can activate Mrgpra1 and Mrgprb2. The current findings provide further insight into the similarities and differences between human and mouse MRGPR families, paving a way to understand the complex roles of these pruriceptors.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.88-98
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• 2023

Objectives: This study is to report two cases of adult atopic dermatitis improved by Osuyu-tang. Methods: Osuyu-tang was prescribed to two adult atopic dermatitis patients. The patients took Osuyu-tang 3 times a day for 45 days and 50 days, respectively. Results: In case 1 who complained of redness, erythema, edema, exudation, dryness, erosion, lichenification, scaly, and pruritus, skin symptoms improved from 15 to 2, and pruritus also improved from NRS 8 to 2. In case 2 who complained of redness-centered skin symptoms, skin symptoms improved from 15 to 1, and pruritus also improved from NRS 9 to 1. Conclusions: When Osuyu-tang was prescribed to two patients with adult atopic dermatitis, significant improvement was observed. It is thought that Osyyu-tang can be used as the treatment of other similar diseases in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.55-74
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the skin disease in Sanghanron"傷寒論" and Geumgweyoryak"金匱要略". Methods : We conducted a study on the original text paragraphs of Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak containing the skin disease and analysis of Woo, Oh, Sung, Zhang, etc. We drew a parallel between skin disease from Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak and matching diagnoses from western medicine. Results : The results were as follows. 1. In Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak pruritus was related to psychogenic pruritus and similar to skin disease caused by decrease of sweating, dry skin in cholinergic urticaria, atopic dermatitis and eczema, etc. in western medicine. 2. In Geumgweyoryak ichthyosis was caused by woman's disease, after menopause, chronic disease and malnutrition and related to winter itch and xerotic eczema in western medicine. 3. In Sanghanron Goose bumps, keratosis follicularis, acute and chronic urticaria and cold urticaria were occurred because of poorly managed fever care and side effect of antibiotic. 4. In Geumgweyoryak red face was similar to face flushing and side effects, which is after drug and laser treatment on face, in western medicine. 5. In Geumgweyoryak urticaria was, in a broad sense, skin disease with pruritus and secondary infection resulted from scratch. Skin diseases with pruritus are similar to urticaria, dermatitis herpetiformis, lichen planus, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, nummular eczema, lichen simplex chronicus, prurigo nodularis, neurodermatitis and internal disease with pruritus in western medicine. 6. In Geumgweyoryak spots in the skin were caused by fever and similar to allergic purpura and SLE symptom in western medicine. 7. In Geumgweyoryak bullous disease with yellowish discharge was similar to eczema, pustule, atopic eczema, etc. in western medicine. 8. In Geumgweyoryak repeated inflammation of oral cavity, genitals, eyes and skin was similar to Behcet's disease in western medicine. 9. In Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak boil was similar to abscess and acute lymphadenitis in western medicine caused by oily foods and infections. 10. In Geumgweyoryak swelling and boil were occurred in a poor health. Damage from metalic material could cause a convulsion and was similar to tetanus in western medicine. Conclusion : We analyzed the original text paragraphs of Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak and explanations about skin disease. As a results, we found out etiology, pathogenesis, treatments of the skin disease in Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak. Further we compared with western medicine to develop better understanding of the skin disease.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.91-95
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• 2006

Background: Opioid delivered by epidural patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is effective in relieving pain after surgery, but it is associated with side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, pruritus, respiratory depression, and urinary retention. The purpose of this study was to compare hydromorphone related side effects and the quality of analgesia when naloxone was added to epidural PCA regimen. Methods: Fifty-two thoracotomy patients with PCA were allocated blindly into two groups. Patients in group H (n = 26) received continuous epidural hydromorphone ($16{\mu}g/ml$) in 0.1% bupivacaine; patients in group N (n = 26) received an epidural infusion containing naloxone ($2{\mu}g/ml$) and hydromorphone ($16{\mu}g/ml$) in 0.1% bupivacaine. The basal rate of PCA was 4 ml/hr and the demand dose was 1.5 ml with a lockout time of 15 min. Pain intensity, sedation, pruritus, nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression were checked at 6, 12, 24 hours postoperatively. Results: The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were significantly lower in group H than in group N. There were no significant differences in the overall incidence of pruritus, nausea and sedation between the two groups. Conclusions: Continuous epidural infusion of naloxone combined with hydromorpho-ne is not effective in reducing the incidence and severity of pruritus induced by epidural hydromorphone.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.140-149
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• 2018

Objectives : The aim of this study is to report the effect of herbal medicine and acupuncture on a breastfeeding woman's postpartum urticaria which was unresponsive to a 1st generation antihistamine and a topical steroid. Methods : Wheals and pruritus occurred to a 36-year-old breastfeeding woman 2 days after the parturition. Symptoms were unresponsive to about a week of systemic antihistamine and topical steroid treatments. GamiSamul-tang herbal decoction was administered three times a day for the first 21 days and twice a day for the next 10 days of the treatment. Acupuncture treatment was applied to 12 acupoints (both sides of LI04, LR03, ST36, LI11, SP10, SP6) for 15 minutes once a week, 5 times in total. The patient's symptom was evaluated with Weekly Urticaria Activity Scale (UAS7) and Visual Analogue Scale for Worst Pruritus within 24 hours ($VAS_{Pruritus}$) each time the patient visited out-patient department. Results : The scores of UAS7 and $VAS_{Pruritus}$ at the baseline were 38 and 8.2 respectively. 10 days after the herbal medicine and acupuncture treatment began, both decreased to 0 and wheal, pruritus, erythema didn't appeared again for the rest of the follow up periods. Conclusions : This study shows the possibility of using GamiSamul-tang and acupuncture to treat postpartum urticaria.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.428-435
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• 2003

This research was performed to examine an anti-inflammatory effects of Gamisangryosamul-Tang(GSS) and anti-pruritus effects of Ziyang-Go(Salve). This study was processed by three experiments; Experiment 1: Inhibitory activity of GSS extract on the degranulation of mast cell and histamine release in plasma induced by compound 48/80 i.p, injection after the pretreatment of GSS extract i.p, injection in Sprague-Dawley rats, Experiment 2: Anti-inflammatory effect of GSS extract on macropharge raw 264,7 cells treated by LPS 250 ppm (before 2 hours). Experiment 3: Measurement of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and atopic dermatitis using NC/Nga mice, GSS extract inhibited histamine release by 70% compared to compound 48/80 treated control group and histologically significantly reduced (P<0,01) the degranulation of mast cell in SD rats. In GSS extract treated group, the expression of TNF-α in macropharge cell showed the remarkable inhibitory effect about 62% (P<0,01) compared to LPS treated control group. The expression of IL-6 appeared more effective by 46% than the LPS treated control group and by 6% compared to hydrocortison treated group, Comparing with steroid (0.05% prednisolon) ointment, Ziyan-Go treated group showed the significant(30%) recovery on skin response index in atopic dermatis like anaphylaxis mice(NC/Nga), Finally, in scratching behavioral tests of NC/Nga mice for three weeks, Ziyang-Go treated group significantly (P<0.05) suppressed the pruritus on the face, neck, ears and dorsal skin than inbred NC/Nga mice. However, the change of IgE and IFN-γ from the spleen cell of NC/Nga mice was not significantly different between the oral intake of GSS extract group and of saline intaked control group. Summary and Conclusion: This study demons trates that Ziyang-go have the equal anti-pruritus effect to steroid ointment and GSS extract have the notable immunologic activity on inflammatory in vivo and in vitro model. Advanced experiment of this study will be required for more reliable information about the correlation between the lymphokine (i.e. IgE) and the anti-allergic effects of GSS.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.650-656
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• 1984

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4_2
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• pp.1075-1079
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• 2003

BacJung-pil(百中丸) using in stagnation-syndrome of gi and blood(痺證) is a expience prescription, A female patient diagnosed as wind syndrome of head(頭風), and stagnation-syndrome of gi and blood(痺證) showed severe pruritus, rash and eruption of skin. After the patient took BackJun-Pill, two hours later, We examined her change and witnessed macular papule and severe pruritus. Those symptoms disappeared in 7 days since we administer anti-histamine, steroid and GamDu-TangGamiBang(甘豆湯加味方).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.281-289
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• 2009

Background : With the growing use of chemical products such as cosmetics, hair dyes, reports of side effects following application of these products is increasing. Contact dermatitis commonly occurs with the use of chemical products. Objective : This study investigated the effect of Oriental medicine for Four outpatients with contact dermatitis due to chemical products. Method : Four patients were treated with acupuncture, herbal medication etc. We used visual analogue scales(VAS) to estimate erythema, pruritus, edema, scales, etc. We took the photos of lesions. Results : Two patients were due to hair dyes, the other two patients were due to cosmetics. Erythema and Pruritus were decreased from nine days to one month. Conclusion : We expect that Oriental medicine could be helpful for contact dermatitis.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 2008

Objective : Cold Urticaria is a symptom of edema and pruritus that appear when a patient is exposed to the coldness. The effect of Bee-venom Acpuncture Therapy is antiinflammatory, pain-killing, and blood circulation promotion. The aim of this study is to report the effect of Bee-venom Acpuncture Therapy to Cold Urticaria. Methods : The Cold Urticaria patients were treated with Bee-venom Acpuncture Therapy. Result and Conclusion : Edema and Pruritus of Cold Urticaria patient improved after Bee-venom Acpuncture Therapy.