• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.60-65
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• 2006

An aeronautical study is a study of an aeronautical problem to identify possible solutions and select a solution that is acceptable without degrading safety. ICAO and the member states have established the standards regarding the obstacle limitation and regulated the construction of the man-made structures in and beyond the standards. Any obstacles that extend above a standards should as far as practicable be removed except after aeronautical study it is determined that the object would not adversely affect the safety or significantly affect the regularity of operations of airplanes. However ICAO and most member states does not established provisions of the scope and implement procedures of aeronautical study. Recently, Civil Aviation Regulations in Korea specify the provisions relevant to aeronautical study. The Prime objectives of this comparative study are to improve the domestic provisions for aeronautical study caused by obstacle limitation through the investigate the international standards and regulations.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.133-142
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this paper is to report the improvement of patient with hyperhidrosis treated by herb medication based on Shanghanlun disease pattern identification diagnostic system. Methods : According to 'Disease Pattern Identification Diagnostic System based on Shanghanlun Provisions', the patient was diagnosed with Taeyang-byung Kyeolhyung number 156 provision, and took Oryeong-san herb medication 15days. The result of administration was evaluated by Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results : After administration of Oryeong-san 15days, based on 156 provision of Oryeong-san seclected according to Shanghanlun provisions, Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) was decreased from 4 to 2 and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was decreased from 10 to 2. Conclusions : The patient's hyperhidrosis improved. This case report suggests that the word '遂' on the 153-156 provisions of Shanghanlun be a direct emotional cause of hyperhidrosis in this case.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.111-119
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• 2021

Objectives: This case study aimed to report the effect of Sihogyejigungang-tang (SGGT) on headache with dyspepsia based on the disease pattern identification diagnostic system (DPIDS) based on the Shanghanlun provisions. Methods: According to the DPIDS based on the Shanghanlun provisions, the patient was diagnosed with Greater Yang Disease Chest Bind and treated with SGGT. The results of treatment were evaluated by a numerical rating scale (NRS), the Korean Headache Impact Test (KHIT-6), and change in clinical symptoms. Results: After administering SGGT for 160 days, the NRS improved from 9 to 1 and the KHIT-6 improved from 70 to 44. No serious treatment-related adverse events were reported. Conclusions: This study shows the effective treatment of headache with dyspepsia using SGGT based on the DPIDS based on the Shanghanlun provisions.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2022

Objective : This study aimed to report the improvement of one patient with arrhythmia treated using Bokryeonggyejibaekchulgamcho-tang based on the disease pattern identification diagnostic system (DPIDS) by Shanhanlun Provisions. Methods : The patient with arrhythmia was treated using Bokryeonggyejibaekchulgamcho -tang according to to Shanghanlun provisions. The results were evaluated using Modified European Heart Rhythm Association symptom scale (mEHRA). Results : After taking Bokryeonggyejibaekchulgamcho-tang for 257 days, mEHRA decreased from 3 to 1. Conclusions : The Administration of Bokryeonggyejibaekchulgamcho-tang to patient with arrhythmia, based on Shanhanlun DPIDS was effective.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.63-73
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• 1990

Students of the Mogpo Merchant Marine College must complete one year's shipboard training course according to IMO(International Maritime Organization) regulations as an obtaining matter of Certificate of Competency. The purpose of this shipboard training course lies int he student's acquiring practical knowledge and sill as a part of a course of study and, in the future, fostering essential adaptability and leadership, especially in bad circumstances on the sea. The shipboard training course has two kind that the students can be trained either on the training ship or on a merchant ship of the shipping company. In this paper, I only thought over the legal status of apprentice officers on the merchant ship and analyzed the problems practicably during shipboard training. This paper is made up of five chapters. The first chapter contains the purpose contents and method of this study, in the second, the meaning of shipboard practice education and training, in the third, the legal status of apprentice officers on merchant ship, in the fourth, the analysis of the provisions of the seamen act applied to apprentice officers on a merchant ship. And in the last chapter 5, the contents mentioned is summarized and directions are presented to amend the provisions of the seamen act applied to apprentice officers. The conclusions are as follows. 1.In case of shipboard training on overseas employment ship, the seamen act applied to the manning agent employing the apprentice officers should be reinforced. 2. The provisions of disembarkation in mid course by discipline of the seamen acts Article 24 should be relaxed. And the provisions in relations to seamen's duty to be a reason of discipline applied to apprentice officer among the provisions for ship's public order maintenance should be abolished. 3. The provision of repartriation completely should be applied to apprentice officers and the provisions of a journey expenditure during their embarkation or disembarkation have to be established. 4. The apprentice officers in shipboard training also need securing a basic wages provision to be criterion of an accident compensation. 5. The apprentice officers in shipboard training should not be in charge of third officer's or third engineer' study.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.103-124
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• 2012

Because the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (Korea-U.S. FTA) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) have an overlapping contracting party, the United States, their provisions have much in common. The investment chapters of these agreements, especially, show many similarities, and thanks to these similarities, it is likely that the Korea-U.S. FTA arbitration tribunal for investor-state disputes regarding the environment will put great weight on the NAFTA tribunals' interpretations of those similar provisions. Since the NAFTA tribunals have already handled many environment-related arbitration cases, their interpretations will help heighten the predictability of environment-related Korea-U.S. FTA arbitration cases. This paper analyzes the environment-related NAFTA cases in which the tribunal has issued an award, which are the Metalclad case, S.D. Myers case, Waste Management case, Methanex case, Glamis Gold case, and Chemtura case. According to this analysis, the most controversial NAFTA provisions have been Article 1102 (national treatment), Article 1105 (minimum treatment standard, fair and equitable treatment), and Article 1110 (expropriation). The NAFTA tribunals applied the requirement of these articles in a strict manner, reducing the possibility of finding a violation. After the aforementioned analysis, this paper proceeds to compare the national treatment, minimum treatment standard (fair and equitable treatment), and expropriation provisions of the Korea-U.S. FTA and NAFTA and to predict the impact that the environment-related awards under NAFTA can have on environment-related Korea-U.S. FTA cases. It is expected that the NAFTA interpretations of the national treatment and minimum treatment provisions are likely be used as they are, but not the interpretations of expropriation, because of the differences in the expropriation provisions of the two agreements.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.45
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• pp.384-424
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• 2009

To date, the theoretical discussions on ‘Election Broadcasting Deliberation Systems’ have been made, but few researches have been made on the empirical cases of such broadcasting provisions. Therefore, this research thesis is to gather and analyze cases of the Election Broadcasting Deliberation, and then find out problems from the operation of the real Election Broadcasting Deliberation, and furthermore, seek a way to improve the provisions of Election Broadcasting Deliberation. Also, this thesis is to analyze the real cases of items of ‘Fairness’, as the key ones of Election Broadcasting Deliberation. This research thesis took up as a major agendum, the necessity of overhauling provisions of Election Broadcasting Deliberation/the problems that provisions and restrictions are inconsistent/the outstanding issue of the violated fairness rules. In this regard, this thesis maintained the importance of reconsidering fairness rules of news.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.113-137
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• 2005

In the provisions of 'the Arbitration Law of China, there are special provisions for international arbitration. When a court refuses the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards or cancel the domestic awards relating to international arbitration, they have to adopt the provisions of 'Chinese Civil Procedure Law'. These provisions are the same as the provisions of Korean Civil Procedure Law concerning the reasons of renewal. In the Korean Arbitration Act, those provisions disappeared when it was revised on December 31, 1999. Among the characteristics of the Chinese arbitration system, a serious question is that it provides only institutional arbitration and there is no ad-hoc arbitration in the Chinese Arbitration Law. On the other hand, when the parties appoint three arbitrators according to their agreement, the parties appoint the third arbitrator by mutual agreement and when they fail to agree, the Arbitration Committee appoints the third arbitrator. In practice, as the parties hardly agree on the third arbitrator or sole arbitrator, the Committee usually appoints them. And appointing an arbitrator from out of their panel of arbitrators is permitted these days only under examination by the Arbitration Committee in accordance with the arbitration rules of the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Other arbitration committees except the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission are still prohibited from making appointments from out of their panel of arbitrators. Accordingly, arbitration in China cannot be predicted and poses a question about legal stability as party autonomy is restricted in the appointment of arbitrators and arbitral procedure. Such being the case it is strongly recommended to select Korea as the place of arbitration in transactions with China. However it is better to arbitrate than to file a law suit in China.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.147-162
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate splenic constipation syndrome(脾約證) in Shanghanlun by comparing 179 & 247 provisions. Methods : Including Shanghanlun, several texts which contain Cheng Wu-ji, Wan Mi-zhai, Qian Huang, Zhu Gong, Fang You-zhi, Yu Jia-yan, Zhang Lu, Cheng Ying-mao, Zhang Xi-ju, Chen Xiu-yuan, Wu Qian, Xu Ling-tai, You Zai-jing, Zhu Dan-xi's opinion about the splenic constipation syndrome were chosen and comparative consideration was carried out. Results & Conclusions : The following conclusions could be drawn. 247 provisions in Shanghanlun is different from 179 provisions because the beginning of the each splenic constipation syndrome is different. The difference between 179 & 247 provisions are proved by comparing Mild Purgative Decoction which is used Taiyangyangming splenic constipation syndrome and Fructus Cannabis Pill which is used Dorsal pedal pulse splenic constipation syndrome. Cheng Wu-ji's opinion that 179 & 247 provisions is different is meaningful because he is first investigated the different beginning of the splenic constipation syndrome. Several annotator's opinion which oppose Cheng Wu-ji is majority and they set a high value on Jangbu(臟腑) factor. Several annotator's opinion which agree Cheng Wu-ji is minority and they set a high value on splenic constipation syndrome also begins from Taiyangbing. The concept of overlapping of Taiyangyangming is different from the concept of Taiyangyangming. Consequently 179 & 247 provisions has to be distinguished.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.109-131
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• 2010

Investment Agreement is to be a part of FTA, as negotiating together both trade and investment. For example, it has a separate chapter about investment in KORUS FTA contract and is more detailed and inclusive than BIT contents which are traditional investment provisions. It is called to the investment norm of FT A. The investment agreement lures a foreign investment by providing the environment which is stable to the foreign investors. Hence, it plans in goal for the economic development of the home country. In international investment, the arbitration award cases are coming out to be divided into two parts applying MFN provisions in investor protective principles and dispute resolution process; the tendency of broad interpretation and the tendency of limited interpretation. In the case of RosInvest Co UK Ltd v. the Russian Federation awarded in 2007, the arbitration tribunal interprets that the application scope of MFN provisions contain the more lucrative dispute provision than other BITs without limitations in entity right of the investor. This judgment is the same view as arbitration tribunal position of Maffezini case. The arbitration tribunal of Plama case has kept out an assertion magnifying the arbitration tribunal's jurisdiction. That is, for applying more inclusive investor-nation resolution method from different treaty, tribunal mentioned that MFN provision had to see clearly a point of applying the investor-nation dispute resolution method. Dispute resolution process providing inclusive MFN provision has both the tendency of broad interpretation and the tendency of limited interpretation. It needs ceaselessly to do the monitoring about cases of arbitration award. In conclusion, the point where MFN provisions are applied conclusively is recognized, but it is still controversial whether or not to magnify the jurisdiction of arbitration tribunal applying MFN provisions. Therefore, it does not exist clear principle in the theory or in the award eases about the application scope for entity protection provision of MFN. Hence, The Korean government of Korea and local autonomous entities needs to keep their eyes on the trend of the international arbitration award cases in relation to the investment dispute for the future. Also, Korean government or local self-governing group must consider MFN provisions when they make a contract of international investment treaty such as writing concretely the application of MFN provisions from KORUS FTA.