• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 1997

This dissertation deals with the design and VLSI implementation of the MTP(Multimedia Transport Protocol) protocol for the high speed networks. High throughput, functional diversity and flexible adaptation are key requirements for the future transport protocol. However it is very difficult to satisfy all these requirements simultaneously. Fortunately, the future networks will be very reliable. It means that the future transport protocol will usually perform some fixed functions without the protocol state information. According to this concept, we proposed and designed the MTP protocol that is consisted of Information Plane and Control Plane. Information Plane performs some fixed functions that are independent of the protocol state information as far as no error. However Control Plane manages the protocol state information and controls the operation of Information Plane. Our MTP protocol was finally implemented as an FPGA chip using the VHDL. We built a testbed for verification of the implemented protocol, and it was shown that the MTP protocol worked correctly and made a throughput of about 800 Mbps. Our future works include the addition of multiplexing and multicasting capabilities to our protocol for multimedia applications.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39A no.11
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• pp.660-674
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• 2014

RFID system has been used in a variety of services. So, a lot of attacks like a free ride on the service, leakage of property or personal information are known. Therefore, the solutions that address these attacks have been proposed. Among the attacks, mafia fraud, a kind of relay attack, can not be addressed by common authentication protocol. So, Hancke and Kuhn used distance bounding protocol for RFID authentication. After that, Munilla and Peinado modified HK protocol by adding void challenge. So the mafia fraud success probability of adversary is lower than probability of HK protocol. Ahn et al. proposed a protocol that reduces number of a hash computation and traffic than MP protocol. Here, we show that MP protocol can not defend the terrorist fraud and is vulnerable to noise. And we show that also AYBN protocol is vulnerable to mafia fraud and key leakage. Moreover, we propose a new protocol and our experimental results show that our protocol is secure to terrorist and mafia fraud.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.280-293
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• 2014

Purpose: The study was done to develop an evidence-based enteral nutrition (EN) protocol for effective nutritional support for dysphagia in patients with acute stroke, and to evaluate effects of this protocol on clinical outcomes. Methods: A methodological study was used to develop the EN protocol and a quasi-experimental study to verify the effectiveness of the protocol. The preliminary EN protocol was drawn by selecting recommendations from previous well-designed EN guidelines, and then developing additional recommendations based on high-quality evidence. Content validation was assessed by an expert group, and clinical applicability by care providers and patients. The scale-level content validity index of the final EN protocol was 0.99. Assessment was done of differences in percentage of caloric goals achieved and presence of undernutrition, aspiration pneumonia, and gastrointestinal (GI) complications after application of the EN protocol. Results: In the EN protocol group, the percentage of caloric goals achieved ($R^2=.24$, p=.001) and the reduction of GI complications (p=.045) were significantly improved, but the presence of undernutrition (p=.296) and aspiration pneumonia (p=.601) did not differ from the usual care group. Conclusion: Results indicate that the new EN protocol for dysphagia in patients with acute stroke significantly increased their nutritional intake and reduced GI complications.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.54 no.10
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• pp.620-629
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• 2005

In this paper, a new protocol-based approach was proposed for development of a ubiquitous vision system. It is possible to apply the approach by regarding the ubiquitous vision system as a multiagent system. Thus, each vision sensor can be regarded as an agent (vision agent). Each vision agent independently performs exact segmentation for a target by color and motion information, visual tracking for multiple targets in real-time, and location estimation by a simple perspective transform. Matching problem for the identity of a target during handover between vision agents is solved by the Identified Contract Net (ICN) protocol implemented for the protocol-based approach. The protocol-based approach by the ICN protocol is independent of the number of vision agents and moreover the approach doesn't need calibration and overlapped region between vision agents. Therefore, the ICN protocol raises speed, scalability, and modularity of the system. The protocol-based approach was successfully applied for our ubiquitous vision system and operated well through several experiments.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.645-653
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• 2002

The WPP payment protocol uses the WAP protocol to enable credit card payment on the wireless internet. Since the security of the WAP protocol is based on the WTLS security protocol, there exists an end-to-end security weakness for the WPP payment protocol. This paper is suggesting a payment protocol, which is making use of the Public-Key Cryptosystem and the Mobile Gateway, so assuring end-to-end security independently of specific protocols. As the on-line certification authority is participating on the authentication process of the payment protocol, the suggested payment protocol enables wireless devices to get services from service providers on other domains.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.682-691
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• 2012

Key agreement protocol is a fundamental protocol in cryptography whereby two or more participants can agree on a common conference key in order to communicate securely among themselves. In this situation, the participants can securely send and receive messages with each other. An adversary not having access to the conference key will not be able to decrypt the messages. In this paper, we propose a novel identity-based authenticated multi user key agreement protocol employing a symmetric balanced incomplete block design. Our protocol is built on elliptic curve cryptography and takes advantage of a kind of bilinear map called Weil pairing. The protocol presented can provide an identification (ID)-based authentication service and resist different key attacks. Furthermore, our protocol is efficient and needs only two rounds for generating a common conference key. It is worth noting that the communication cost for generating a conference key in our protocol is only O($\sqrt{n}$) and the computation cost is only O($nm^2$), where $n$ implies the number of participants and m denotes the extension degree of the finite field $F_{p^m}$. In addition, in order to resist the different key attack from malicious participants, our protocol can be further extended to provide the fault tolerant property.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.513-519
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• 2006

As a very important part in development of the protocol, verifications for developed protocol specification are complementary techniques that are used to increase the level of confidence in the system functions by their specifications. Using the informal method for specifying the protocol, some ambiguity may be contained therein. This indwelling ambiguity in control systems can cause the occurrence of accidents, especially in the case of safety-critical systems. To clear the vagueness contained in the designed protocol, we use the LTS (Labeled Transition System) model to design the protocol for railway signaling. And then, we verify the safety and the liveness properties formally through the model checking method. The modal ${\mu}$-calculus, which is an expressive method of temporal logic, has been applied to the model checking method. We verify the safety and liveness properties of Korean standard protocol for railway signaling systems. To perform automatic verification of the safety and liveness properties of the designed protocol, a communication verification tool is implemented. The developed tools are implemented by C++ language under Windows XP. It is expected to increase the safety and reliability of communication protocol for signaling systems by using the developed communication verification tool.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.380-387
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• 2004

In accordance with the computerization of railway signaling systems, the interface link between the signaling systems has been replaced by a digital communication channel. At the same time, the importance of the communication link has become increasingly significant. However, there are some questionable matters in the current state of railway signaling systems in KNR. First, different communication protocols have been applied to create an interface between railway signaling systems although the protocols have the same functions. Next, the communication protocols currently used in the railway fields have some illogical parts such as structure, byte formation, error correction scheme, and so on. To solve these matters, the standard communication protocol for railway signaling systems is designed. The newly designed protocol is overviews in this paper. And the simulation is performed to analysis the performance of data link control for designed protocol. According to this simulation, it is identified that the link throughput of new protocol is improved about 10% and the frame error rate is improved than existing protocol. And it is verified the safety and liveness properties of designed protocol by using a formal method for specifying the designed protocol. It is expected that there will be an increase in safety, reliability and efficiency in terms of the maintenance of the signaling systems by using the designed communication protocol for railway signaling.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.251-255
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• 2019

On today, Protocol reverse-engineering technique can be used to extract the specification of an unknown protocol. However, there is no standardized method, and in most cases, the extracting process is executed manually or semi-automatically. If the information about the structure of an unknown protocol could be acquired in advance, it would be easy to conduct reverse engineering. the feature extraction is an important step in unknown protocol classification. However, in this paper, we present a comparison several feature extraction techniques and suggests a method of feature extraction algorithm for recognizing unknown protocol. In order to verify the performance of the proposed system, we performed the training using eight open protocols to evaluate the performance using unknown data.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.27-38
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a blood glucose control protocol for medical intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods: The blood glucose control protocol was developed through the following process: selection of preliminary protocols, clinical application, and evaluation. The clinical validity of the protocol was measured by application, along with examination of the effects of the Yale and the Mayo blood glucose protocols. Seventeen medical ICU adults patients whose blood glucose levels exceeded 200 mg/dL consecutively participated in the study. The development protocol was evaluated by an expert group. Results: Incidence of normal blood glucose levels (p=.041) increased significantly in the Yale protocol application group. Also, incidence of severe hyperglycemia (p=.029) decreased significantly and time to target range of glucose (p=.023) decreased significantly after application of the Yale protocol. However, there was no significant difference in incidence of hypoglycemia (p=.666) between three groups. Conclusion: Using the developed protocol as a basis for the modified Yale protocol was found to be effective in improving the state of blood glucose control for medical ICU patients and is expected to be used for nursing intervention in critical care.