• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.236-244
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• 2006

This study was designed to determine the effects of daidzein (DE) on hepatic lipid metabolism in chicks fed with low protein (LP) diet based on casein. In experiment 1, the male chicks were fed with one of the three levels of dietary protein containing 10.95%, 21.9% and 43.8% protein content for 2 days. In experiment 2, the chicks were fed one of the three levels of protein with or without DE at 1,000 mg/kg diet for 2 days. Experiment 3 was conducted to compare DE (LP+DE) with estradiol (LP+E2) in chicks fed with LP diet for 7 days. Plasma lipid profiles, hepatic lipid profiles, activities of hepatic malic enzyme and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) were measured. Transcriptions of hepatic fatty acid synthase, apolipoprotein-B (APO-B), and fructose bisphosphatase mRNA were measured by RT-PCR. Increasing dietary protein levels markedly decreased the concentrations of plasma triglycerides, hepatic total lipids, hepatic TG, and the mRNA transcriptions while the increased dietary protein levels increased hepatic ICDH activities in experiment 1. In experiment 2, the effects of dietary protein levels on blood and hepatic lipid content were more prominent than those of the additional DE. Interestingly, plasma TG levels were affected by DE supplementation (p<0.05). In experiment 3, DE inhibited APO-B mRNA expressions and stimulated the accumulation of lipid in the liver through mechanisms different from E2. In this study, we demonstrate that DE has beneficial effects on blood lipid profiles, but that it inhibits APO-B mRNA transcription and aggravates the fatty liver induced by LP diet in chicks.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.369-374
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• 2012

A $3{\times}2$ factorial experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth and body composition of juvenile far eastern catfish. Six diets were formulated to contain three levels of protein (20%, 30% and 40%) and two levels of lipid (9% and 17%). Triplicate groups of fish (initial body weight of 7.6 g) were hand-fed to apparent satiation for 66 days. Final mean weight was improved with increasing dietary protein and lipid levels, and the highest final mean weight was observed in fish fed the 40/17 (% protein/% lipid) diet. No significant difference was observed in final mean weight for fish fed between 30/17 diet and 40/9 diet. Feed efficiency of fish fed the diets containing over 30% protein levels with 9% and 17% lipid levels were significantly higher than those of fish fed the 20% protein levels. Feed efficiency of fish fed the 30/17 diet was not significantly different from that of fish fed the 40/9 diet or 40/17 diet. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the 20% protein diets with 17% lipid level were significantly higher than those of fish fed 9% lipid diet. Daily feed intake of fish tended to decrease with increasing dietary protein and lipid levels. Moisture content of whole body in fish fed the 9% lipid diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed the 17% lipid diets at the same protein level, but the opposite trends were found for crude lipid content. Significant effects of dietary lipid were observed for most fatty acids, according to their relative values in the diets. The results of this study suggest that the protein requirement for maximum growth of juvenile far eastern catfish may be higher than 40%, and an increase of dietary lipid level from 9% to 17% can improve growth and feed utilization.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 2001

The seasonal trends of plasma protein and glucose concentrations in marbled soles(Limanda yokohamae) and greenlings(Hexagrammos otakii), and the influence of transport stressor on those levels were investigated. Total plasma protein levels of marbled soles and greenlings in late spring and summer were significantly higher than those in winter(January). Plasma glucose levels were consistently increased according to elevation of water temperature both in marbled soles and greenlings. Transport stressor gave rise to decrease of plasma protein levels and increase of blood glucose levels.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 1997

Chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) protein and mRNA levels in E. coli were determined following induction of a tac::cat construct by isopropyl-${\beta}$-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). High cat mRNA levels did not directly reflect CAT protein levels, in either shakeflask experiments or fermentations. Furthermore, concentrations of IPTG resulting in the highest levels of expression of cat mRNA, were different to those resulting in highest levels of CAT protein. The data suggest that high transcriptional activities lead to limitations at the translational level.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.360-378
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• 1992

This study was performed to investigate effect of dietary protein and calcium levels on cad-mium intoxication in rats. Adult Sprague-Dawley male rate(245$\pm$21g) were blocked into 18 groups of 7 animals according to body weight Nine experimental diets different with protein(40%, 15%, 7%) and calcium (1.3%, 0.6%, 0.1%) levels were prepared. Nine groups of animals were fed each diet with 50ppm cadmium in drinking water and the other 9 groups without cadmium for 30days. Results were summarized as follows: 1) Body weight gain F. E. R(Food Efficiency Ratio) and weights of liver kidney and femur were higher in high protein groups among cadmium exposed groups. 2) Cadmium contents in liver and intestine were higher in rats fed high protein diet or low calcium diet among cadmium exposed groups. Fecal cadmium excretion was highest in high protein-high calcium diet group among cadmium exposed animals. Metallothionein contents in liver kidney and intestine were higher in animals exposed to cadmium and fed high protein diets. 3) Gel filtration chromatography of cytosolic solution showed that the higher dietary protein and calcium levels were the more cadmium was found in metallothionein fractions. 4) No gross histopathological change was seen in liver kidney and intestine of cadmium exposed rats. However a significant increase of smooth endoplasmic reticulum which was alleveated by high protein-high calcium diet was observed. Results obtained indicated that not only high protein diet but also high calcium diet showed preventive effect on cadmium intoxication by increasing the induction of metallothionein syn-thesis and decreasing the cadmium absorption.

• Food Quality and Culture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.45-48
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• 2009

The investigation assessed the influence of Compositae plants consumption on the protein profile in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by injection of STZ (45 mg/kg body weight) into tail vein. The rats were randomly assigned to five groups: normal and STZ-control fed an AIN-93 diet, and groups whose diets were supplemented with 10% Compositae powder containing Artemisia iwayomogi (A. iwayomogi), Atractylodes lancea (A. lancea) or Taraxacum mongolicum (T. mongolicum). To observe the effects of Compositae plants in the animal model, the levels of protein in liver, kidney, lung, pancreas, and brain were determined after 4 weeks. The level of protein in kidney increased significantly in rats receiving the A. iwayomogi- and T. mongolicum-supplemented diet compared to the STZ-control group. The level of protein in lung was increased significantly in the A. iwayomogi-supplemented group. Blood glucose level correlated well with brain protein level but did not correlate with other protein levels. Also, blood glucose correlated inversely with kidney, lung and brain protein levels. It is suggested that supplementation with A. iwayomogi in diabetic rats leads elevates protein in kidney and lung.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.175-176
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• 2003

Dietary protein is the most expensive component in flounder feed because of the high protein requirement of this species. The non-protein energy sources may also influence the protein utilization of fish. The inclusion of adequate levels of non-protein energy sources in diets can minimize use of protein as an energy source. Protein sparing effect by fat and carbohydrate has been studied in other fish. (omitted)

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.106-121
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Cornus Officinalis fruit extract(CE) and Cornus Officinalis Fruit Cheonghyeol Plus(CCP) in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell. Methods: We measured cell viability of CE, CCP and treated HUVEC with TNF-α. We measured the mRNA expression levels of KLF2, eNOS, MCP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, the protein expression levels of KLF2, eNOS, MCP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and the protein phosphorylation level of ERK, JNK, p38 and the biomarker expression levels of MCP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1. Results: 1.CE incresed the mRNA, protein expression levels of KLF2, eNOS at concentrations of 100㎍/㎖ compared to the control group. CE decresed the mRNA, protein and biomarker expression levels of MCP-1,ICAM-1,VCAM-1 at concentrations of 100㎍/㎖ compared to the control group. CE decresed the protein phosphorylation level of p38 at concentrations of 100㎍/㎖ compared to the control group. 2. CCP incresed the mRNA, protein expression levels of KLF2, eNOS at concentrations of 100㎍/㎖ or more compared to the control group. CCP decresed the mRNA, protein and biomarker expression levels of MCP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 at concentrations of 100㎍/㎖ or more compared to the control group. CCP decresed the protein phosphorylation level of ERK at concentrations of 100㎍/㎖ or more, p38 at concentrations of 200㎍/㎖ or more, and JNK at concentrations of 400㎍/㎖ compared to the control group. Conclusions: These results present that CE and CCP has anti-inflammatory effect in HUVEC. So, it could help treat or prevent inflammation in vein caused by dyslipidemia and contribute prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular cerebrovascular diseases.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2017

C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are not generally associated with viral infections. This study investigated the changes in the CRP level caused by an infection from respiratory virus (RV). Nasopharyngeal samples from hospitalized patients with suspected RV infection were used to measure the CRP levels, virus load, virus-virus co-infection, age, sex, and length of hospital stay (LOS). Abnormal CRP levels were detected in 62.3% (3,608 out of 5,788) of all RV-positive samples. The percentage of patients with abnormal CRP levels tended to increase with age. Furthermore, LOS in patients with abnormal CRP levels was significantly longer than that in patients with normal CRP levels. The frequency of elevated CRP levels differed according to the causative virus and the frequency of abnormal levels increased with age. Moreover, LOS was longer in those with abnormal CRP levels. These data provide important insights into the role of CRP levels in RV infection.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.122-134
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• 1987

In order to investigate the effect of dietary protein and fat levels on the growth and the utilization of nitrogen and energy and body composition in rats, Sprague\ulcornerDawley 48 male rats of 8 weeks old weighing approxijIlately 215-220g were subjected to feeding trials for 8 weeks and then subsequently to metabolic trials for 2 weeks. Four dietary protein levels (4, 8, 16, 32%) and each protein level contained two fat levels(3.9, 11.7%=1O,3J% of 3600kcal ME/kg) by addition of an appropriate amount of carbo\ulcornerhydrate and the following results were obtained. The body weight gain and food efficiency ratio of the rats to which a diet of 16% protein and 3.9% fat was fed were significantly higher than in either case of 8% pro\ulcornertein diet or of 32% protein diet. The digestibility of protein in the experimental diets was 73.3 -93.4%. The digesti\ulcornerbility of energy ( energy absorption) in the experimental diets was 83.2 -91.5%. The utilization of protein and the metabolic energy efficiency in the experimental diets was highest at the diet of 8% protein and 3.9% fat. The analysis of the body composition after feeding trials for 8 weeks has shown that the content of body water and protein were not affected by protein and fat levels in diet. The content of body fat in the rats to which 3.9% fat diet was fed was high\ulcornerer than that in those to which 11.7% fat diet was fed. From the above experimental results it may be suggested that the best formula of diet for the 8 weeks old rats may be composed of the 8% protein and 3.9% fat.