• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.317-333
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• 1996

The main goal of periodontal regeneration is to be achieved by epithelial exclusion, periodontal ligament cell activation or alveolar bone regeneration. The purpose of this study was to investigate on the physico- chemical and biological characteristics of biodegradable chitosan beads. Chitosan beads were fabricated by ionic gelation with sodium tripolyphosphate and they had the size in 300um diameter. As therapeutic agent, flurbiprofen was incorporated into the beads by 10, 20% loading contents. The release of drugs from the chitosan beads was measured in vitro. Also, biological activity tests of flurbiprofen loaded chitosan beads including cytotoxicity test, ihhibition of $IL-1{\beta}$ production, suppression to $PGE_2$ production, collagenase inhibition test, the ability of total protein synthesis, and tissue response were evaluated. The amount of flurbiprofen released from chitosan was 33-50% during 7 days. Minimal cytotoxicity was observed in chitosan beads. Flurbiprofen released from chitosan beads significantly suppressed the $IL-1{\beta}$ production of monocyte, $PGE_2$ production and markedly inhibited collagenase activity. Meanwhile, flurbiprofen released from this system showed increased ability for protein synthesis. Throughout 4 -week implantation period, no significant inflammatory cell infiltrated around chitosan bead and also fibroblast like cell types at the beads - tissue interface were revealed with gradual degradation of implanted chitosan beads. From these results, it was suggested that flurbiprofen loaded chitosan beads can be effectively useful for biocompatible local delivery system in periodontal regeneration.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.572-577
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• 2001

The feasibility of skin penetration was studied for aspalatone (AM, acetylsalicylic acid maltol ester), a novel antithrombotic agent. In this studys hairless mouse dorsal skins were used as a model to select composition of vehicle and AM. Based on measurements of solubility and partition coefficient, the concentration of PC that showed the highest flux for AM across the hairless mouse skin was found to be 40%. The cumulative amount permeated at 48 h, however, appear inadequate, even when the PC concentration was employed. To identify a suitable absorption enhancer and its optimal concentration for AM, a number of absorption enhancers and a variety of concentration were screened for the increase in transdermal flux of AM. Amongst these, linoleic acid (LOA) at the concentration of 5% was found to have the largest enhancement factor (i.e., 132). However, a further increase in AM flux was not found in the fatty acid concentration greater than 5%, indicating the enhancement effect is in a bell-shaped currie. In a study of the effect of AM concentration on the permeation, there was no difference in the permeation rate between 0.5 and 1% for AM, below its saturated concentration. At the donor concentration of 2%, over the saturated condition, the flux of AM was markedly increased. A considerable degradation of AM was found during permeation studies, and the extent was correlated with protein concentrations in the epidermal and serosal extracts, and skin homogenates. In rat dorsal skins, the protein concentration decreased in the rank order of skin homogenate > serosal extract > epidermal extract. Estimated first order degradation rate constants were $6.15{\pm}0.14,{\;}0.57{\pm}0.02{\;}and{\;}0.011{\pm}{\;}0.004{\;}h^{-1}$ for skin homogenate, serosal extract and epidermal extract, respectively. Therefore, it appeared that AM was hydrolyzed to some extent into salicylmaltol by esterases in the dermal and subcutaneous tissues of skin. taken together, our data indicated that transdermal delivery of AM is feasible when the combination of PC and LOA is used as a vehicle. However, since AM is not metabolically stable, acceptable degradation inhibitors may be nervessary to fully realize the transdermal delivery of the drug.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.527-532
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• 2007

Polymer hydrogel has attracted considerable interest as a soft material which is finding expanding applications in pharmaceutics and various biomedical fields. In this work, modified PNVP hydrogels were synthesized by crosslinking polymerization of NVP monomer in the presence of PEG macromer with a methoxy end. The effect of the tethered PEG chain on the properties of the hydrogel was investigated in terms of its swelling capacity, compression gel strength, and the morphology of the resulting hydrogels. These PEG-modified PNVP hydrogels possessed good biocompatibility and a decreased protein (fibrinogen) adsorption, thereby indicating their potential as novel drug delivery matrices and scaffold for tissue engineering.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.136-148
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• 2020

A bispecific antibody (BsAb) is an artificial protein containing two kinds of specific antigen binding sites. BsAb can connect target cells to functional cells or molecules, and thus stimulate a directed immune response. Last several decades a wide variety of bsAb formats and production technologies have been developed. BsAbs are constructed either chemically or biologically, exploiting techniques like cell fusion and recombinant DNA technologies. There are over 100 different formats of bsAb so far developed, but they could be classified into the two main categories such as Fc-based (with a Fc region) bsAbs and fragment-based (without a Fc region) bsAbs. BsAb has a broad application prospect in tumor immunotherapy and drug delivery. Here, we present a brief introduction to the structure of antibody, pharmacological mechanisms of antibodies and the trend in the production technologies of therapeutic antibodies. In addition, we address a review on the current status of various bsAb format development and their production technologies together with global situation in the clinical studies of bsAb.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1158-1162
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• 2005

Drug delivery systems have been developed to reduce the side toxicity of drugs by localizing them in the site of action. But it depends on the circulation of the blood and it doesn't have the function of locomotive mechanism of itself for searching for the region of disease. However, this problem could be solved by nanobot which have the locomotive function. So, we mimic the movement of cell that can move in a human body. In this paper, to polymerize the encapsulated actin within the liposome, electroporation technique is employed. In order to optimize polymerization and depolymerization of the liposome, we compare the time of polymerization and depolymerization by concentration of crown ether. we synthesis the liposome which contain azobenzene Linked crown Ether conjugated Actin protein. Azobenze linked crown ether holds the K+ ion by exposure of UV light and this disturbs the actin polymerization. In result, UV light could control the liposome growth. Finally, we could develop the liposome robot and control the growth and degeneration of the liposome by external stimuli such s UV light. The merit of the controlling by UV light doesn't need to inject proteins which induce polymerization and depolymerization of actin protein.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.315-321
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• 1999

Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres containing ovalbumin (OVA) as a model protein drug were prepared by double emulsification method, and various conditions such as mixing rate, volume of outer phase and isopropyl alcohol concentration in outer phase during secondary emulsification were observed to control the size of microspheres. In addition, entrapment efficiency of OVA and protein denaturation were also evaluated. As the rate of stirring was increased, the size of particles was decreased. But excessive stirring increased the particle size of microspheres. In a preparation condition of small volume of outer phase, the particle size was decreased but the entrapment efficiency was increased. Adding isopropyl alcohol to outer phase decreased the size of particles, but increased the entrapment efficiency. Microparticles should have smaller size than $10\;{\mu}m$ to be uptaked by Peyer's patch in small intestine. High speed of mixing and relatively small volume of outer phase are needed to reduce the size. In addition, appropriate amount of isopropyl alcohol in outer phase also plays an important role in size reduction of PLGA microspheres.

• 폴리머
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.254-259
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• 2011

고분자 용액의 전기분무에서 금속 샘플 포집기들은 분무된 입자로부터 흔히 용매를 충분히 제거하거나 재분산이 가능한 분무 입자를 회수하는데 효과적이지 못하다. 단백질 약물의 캡슐화(encapsulation)를 위해 본 연구에서는 입자를 분산매(응고액제)의 층류 안으로 분무하는 새로운 전기분무시스템을 설계하였다. 캡슐화용 물질로 키토산과 폴리아크릴산이 사용되었다. 이 새로운 시스템을 사용하여 입자의 응집을 방지할 수 있었으며, 4~16 kV의 전압과 같은 유속에서 unimodal한 입도분포를 관찰할 수 있었다. 반면에 가한 전압이 평균 입자 크기에 미치는 영향은 크지 않았다.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2014

We have previously described a new multilayer alginate microcapsule system, and the goals of the present study were to assess the in vitro function of islets encapsulated in its inner layer, and the angiogenic ability of FGF-1 delivered from the external layer in an omentum pouch. Following isolation and culture, islets were encapsulated in the inner core of microspheres ($500-600{\mu}m$ in diameter) with a semi-permeable poly-L-ornithine (PLO) membrane separating two alginate layers, and both unencapsulated and encapsulated islet function was assessed by a dynamic glucose perifusion. For angiogenesis experiments, one group of microcapsules without FGF-1 (control) and another (test) containing FGF-1 with heparin encapsulated in the external layer were made. One hundred microcapsules of each group were transplanted in Lewis rats (n = 5/group) and were retrieved after 14 days for assessment of angiogenesis. Glucose perifusion of unencapsulated and encapsulated islets resulted in similar stimulation indices. The release of FGF-1 resulted in increased vascular density compared to controls. In conclusion, islets encapsulated in the core of multilayer alginate microcapsules maintain functionality and the microcapsule's external layer is effective in delivery of FGF-1 to enhance graft neovascularization in a retrievable omentum pouch.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2007

리포솜은 수십~수백 나노미터 크기의 소포체(small vesicle)로서 약물전달에 유용한 구조체이나 체내 혈류 순환계(blood circulatory system)에서 구조적 불안정성에 의해 체내 순환시간이 짧고 세망내피계(reticuloendothelial system)에 의해 소실되어 이를 개선하기 위한 다양한 연구가 시도되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이당류(disaccharide)로서 락토오스와 슈크로스가 1,2-디스테아로일-sn-글리세로-3-포스포에탄올아민(1,2-Distearoylsn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, DSPE)과 공유결합된 새로운 당-DSPE 유도체를 합성하고 이를 리포솜의 구성성분으로 하는 리포솜을 제조함으로써 리포솜의 표면이 이당으로 수식된 리포솜을 제조하였다. 제조된 리포솜의 입자크기는 대략 100 nm였으며, 표면전하 값은 당이 수식되지 않은 대조군 리포솜이 -10 mV를 나타내었으나 당-DSPE 유도체를 함유한 리포솜의 경우 리포솜 표면에 존재하는 당의 수산화기에 의하여 표면전하의 값은 -25 mV를 나타내었다. 리포솜 내부에 모델약물인 독소루비신(doxorubicin)의 로딩효율은 약 90%를 나타내었다. 당-DSPE 유도체 함유 리포솜의 in vitro 안정성은 혈청 내에서 단백흡착량의 변화 및 리포솜의 입자크기를 관찰하여 평가하였다. 당-인지질 유도체를 함유한 리포솜은 당-인지질 유도체를 함유하지 않은 리포솜 또는 폴리에틸렌글리콜(PEG) 수식 리포솜에 비해 단백흡착의 양과 혈청 내 입자크기의 변화가 적은 것으로 관찰되었다. 이당이 결합된 DSPE와 이를 함유한 리포솜은 혈액내 안정성이 향상되어 체순환계 내에서 장시간 순환이 가능한 약물전달체로서 유용할 것이라 사료된다.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2023

홍합의 수중 접착능력은 도파(DOPA)와 라이신(Lysine), 히스티딘(Histidine)과 같은 홍합접착단백질의 아미노산 잔기가 중요한 역할을 한다고 보고되었고, 이에 따라, 카테콜과 아민기를 동시에 갖는 접착성 카테콜아민(Catecholamine) 물질을 기반으로 다양한 의공학적 연구가 진행되고 있다. 카테콜기가 도입된 키토산은 아민이 풍부한 키토산에 카테콜기를 도입한 카테콜아민으로, 이를 이용하여 조직접착제나 창상치유제, 지혈제, 약물전달체 및 조직공학용 담체 등 다양한 의공학적 적용이 가능하다. 특히, 키토산-카테콜 물질은 지혈제로 미국 및 한국 식품의약품안전처의 승인을 받아, 연구개발에서부터 제품개발까지 이루어진 홍합 모사 물질이다. 이에 본 총설에서는 지혈제로써의 키토산-카테콜 물질에 대한 연구 동향을 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해, 카테콜기가 도입됨에 따라 나타나는 키토산-카테콜의 특성, 지혈 메커니즘, 다양한 제형에 대하여 다루고자 한다.