• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.3-7
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• 1998

The aim of the present investigation was to see whether an anabolic steroid, nandrolone phenylpropionate (NPP), exerts protienanabolic effects under such adverse nutritional conditions as protein deficiency and protein-energy malnutrition in male rats. feeding on a low-protein (8% casein) diet resulted in a marked reduction in body weight gain that was associated with reductions in body protein and protein content of gastrocnemius muscle. Administration of NPP (4 mg/kg body weight) did not alter muscle and body protein depletion induced by a low-protein diet. 50% food restriction caused reductions in body protein and in protein content of gastrocnemius muscle. These reductions were partially prevented by NPP (4 mg/kg body weight). Food restriction did not affect plasma concentration of corticosterone, insulin, or tetosterone plus dihydrotestosterone. On the other hand, neither plasma concentration of corticosterone nor insulin were affected by NPP. The present results show that anabolic steroids do not express anabolic effects under conditions of protein deficiency, but in protein-energy malnutrition, anabolic steroids exert their anabolic effects even in male rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of dietary protein source and sulfur amino acid content on bone metabolism in ra. Thirty male rats (body weight 145$\pm$2g) were divided into three groups. The rats in the first group were fed on casein 20% diet as animal protein source and those in the second group were fed on soy 20% diet as plant protein source. Sulfur amino acid ratio of these group was 1.07:1. The rats in the third group were fed on soy 20% diet and the sulfur amino acid were supplemented with the amount contained as much in the soy 20% diet. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks, The total body, spine, femur bone mineral density and bone mineral content were measured using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Calcium, phosphate, pyridinoline, creatinine in urine and calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin in serum were measured. During the experimental period, plant protein (soy protein) group had a lower urinary Ca excretion, urine pyridinoline ＆ crosslinks value and had a higher Ca efficiency in total bone and femur bone mineral density than animal protein (casein) group. There were no significant differences in serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin among the three groups of the rats. The findings from this study demonstrated that plant protein (soy protein) is beneficial of bone mineral density because it had a higher Ca efficiency in total bone and femur bone mineral density than animal protein (casein). However, the supplementation of sulfur amino acid on soy results were consistent with prior studies that dietary sulfur amino acid load had a negative effect on calcium balance. The rats fed sulfur amino acid supplementation diet increased urinary calcium excretion and decreased calcium efficiency for total and femur mineral density. Therefore, dietary protein source and sulfur amino acid content influence bone metabolism. (Korean J Nutrition 37(2): 100-107, 2004)

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

Flour characteristics of Korean winter wheat grown in Suwon in 1997 and 1998, and in Suwon and Deokso in 1998 were evaluated. Korean winter wheat cultivars were significantly influenced by years and locations in flour properties such as ash content, protein content, damaged starch content, starch swelling volume and power. Protein content was highly correlated with starch damage and alkaline water retention capacity. There were highly significant correlations between mixing time of mixograph and SDS sedimentation volume. Swelling properties of flour and starch were highly correlated with pasting properties of flour and starch, respectively. Compared to commercial flours for baking, Alchanmil, Gobunmil, Keumkangmil and Tapdongmil showed similar protein content, SOS sedimentation volume and mixograph mixing time. Eunpamil, Geurumil, Olgeurumil, Suwon 258, Suwon 261, Suwon 265, Suwon 275, Suwon 276, Suwon 277, Suwon 278 and Urimil had similar values to commercial noodle flours in SDS sedimentation volume. Alchanmil, Olgeurumil, Suwon 274, Suwon 275, Suwon 276 and Urimil showed higher swelling and pasting properties than the others. Chokwang, Olgeurumil, Suwon 277 and Urimil were similar to commercial cookie flours. Friabilin-absence lines showed higher protein content and starch damage than those of friabilin-presence lines. Absence lines of 1D$\times$2.2 + 1Dy12 subunit in high molecular weight glutenin subunits showed higher SDS sedimentation volume and mixing time of mixograph than those of presence lines.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.231-247
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• 1993

This study was designed to confirm the effect of dietary protein level and oral administration of tryptophan on brain serotonin metabolism. Two animal experiments were conducted. The objectives and results of research were as follows : In the first experiment, it was investigated whether administration of reserpine to Sprague-Dawley rats fed 6% or 20% casein diet induced decrease in serum tryptophan and large neutral amino acid(LNAA) concentrations, tryptophan/LNAA concentration ratio, brain tryptophan, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA) contents. Brain serotonin content of 6% casein diet group was lower than those of 20% casein diet group. Both 6% and 20% casein diet groups administered with reserpine to induce the analogous depression, showed the notable decrease in brain serotonin content when they were compared with 20% casein diet group not administered with reserpine. Serum tryptophan/LNAA ration and brain 5-HIAA content showed a tendency similar to the change of serotonin content, but the mean difference among all groups was not significant. From these results, it could be said that when the dietary protein level was low, brain serotonin content was decrease. The second experimnt was to see the change in serum tryptophan concentration and tryptophan/LNAA ratio and brain tryptophan, serotonin and 5-HIAA content when tryptophan was administered orally to the animals treated with reserpine. Serum tryptophan concentration tended to increase in both reserpine-treated 6% and 20% casein diet groups administered with tryptophan, especially in the 6% casein diet group. Serum tryptophan/LNAA concentration ratio tended to incrase in reserpine-tteated 6% casein diet group, while decrease in reserpine-treated 20% casein diet group. Brain tryptophan content was increased in both reserpine-treated 6% and 20% casein diet groups. However, brain serotonin content of reserpine-treated 6% casein diet group showed a tendency to decrease, while that of reserpine-treated 20% casein group increase. Consequently, the effect of tryptophan administration on increase of brain tryptophan and serotonin content in animals treated with reserpine was far more excellent in 20% casein diet groups. It was concluded that dietary protein intake and tryptophan administration increase brain serotonin level. Accordingly, it was possible to confirm that brain function, particularly in aspect of behavior related to the serotonin, was changed with manipulation of dietary composition.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.393-402
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• 1990

밀 주요 교배모본들에 대한 단백질 함량 변이와 아미노산조성 및 단백질 함량과 제빵 적성간의 관계를 구명하여 용도별 품질에 적합하도록 단백질의 량과 질을 개선하는데 중요한 기초자료를 얻고자 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 전체 교배모본의 단백질이 9.9%까지의 넓은 분포를 보였으며, 그 평균치는 13.2%를 보였다. 품종별로는 원광이 가장 낮았으며 충남재래, 수원 210호 등이 가장 높은 단백질 함량을 보였다. 2. 국내 육성 또는 재래품종들 가운데서도 14.4% 이상의 함량을 보이는 계통들이 충남재래를 비롯하여 12품종 및 계통들이 선발되었다. 3. 주요 품종들의 단백질 함량과 재배환경 조건과의 관계에서 지역간 최고 3.6%, 년차간 최고 3.3% 차이를 보였으나 품종 고유의 특성은 거의 일정하게 나타났다. 4. 그루밀 등 3품종의 아미노산분석 결과 Proline을 제외한 제빵적성 관련 아미노산들이 단백질함량 증가시 유리한 방향으로 개선되었으나, 영양적 측면은 1g 단백질 기준 아미노산 함량에서 필수아미노산 권장치 350mg(트립토판 제외)에 비해 266.6-273.2mg으로 단백질 함량과는 상관없이 크게 미달되는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 필수아미노산중 Methionine, Lysine 및 Threonine이 크게 결핍되는 것으로 나타났다. 5. 심전가와 단백질 함량간의 간계에서 매우 상이한 재배환경을 감안하고서도 평균적으로 0.656$^{**}$ 의 높은 상관치를 보였으며, 조건에 따라서 최고0.956$^{**}$ 까지 높은 상관을 보여 단백질 함량만으로도 제빵적성 판정이 가능하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.56-67
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• 1978

본(本) 실험(實驗)은 대두(大豆)의 성숙중(成熟中) 종실(種實)의 발육(發育)과 단백질(蛋白質) 및 그 구성분(構成分)의 변화(變化)에 관한 고저단백질(高低蛋白質) 품종간(品種間)의 생리적(生理的) 차이를 밝히고자 고단백품종(高蛋白品種) 서해(西海)20호(號), 중단백품종(中蛋白品種) 광교(光敎) 및 저단백품종(低蛋白品種) Shelbv를 공시(供試)하여 종실(種實)의 발육상황(發育狀況), 단백질(蛋白質) 및 지방함량(脂肪含量) 변화(變化), disc polyacrylamide gel 전기영동법(電氣泳動法)에 의한 단백질구성분(蛋白質構成分)의 조성변화(組成變化) 등을 조사(調査)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 대두(大豆) 종실(種實)은 대체(大體)로 개화후(開化後) 22일(日)까지 완만(緩慢)히 그 이후(以後) 20~30일간(日間) 직선적(直線的)으로 급속(急速)히, 그후 5~15일간(日間) 서서히 건물중(乾物中)이 증가(增加)되어 최고(最高)에 달하며, 개화후(開化後) 12일(日)부터 27일(日)까지 단백질함량(蛋白質含量)은 급속(急速)히 감소(減少)되는 반면에 지방함량(脂肪含量)은 급격(急激)히 증가(增加)되고 그 후부터 개화후(開化後) 40~47일(日)까지는 단백질(蛋白質)과 지방함량(脂肪含量) 모두 서서히 증가(增加)된 후 성숙기(成熟期)까지 큰 변화(變化)가 없었다. 2. 고단백품종(高蛋白品種) 서해(西海)20호(號)는 광교(光敎) 및 Shelby에 비해 전(全) 성숙기간(成熟期間)에 대한 비율(比率)로 보아 성숙초기(成熟初期)의 단백질(蛋白質) 함량(含量) 감소기간(減少期間)이 짧고 감소율(減少率)도 적었으며 그후 단백질함량(蛋白質含量) 증가기간(增加期間)이 길고 증가율(增加率)도 큰 특성(特性)을 보였으나, 지방(脂肪) 축적(蓄積)은 일찍 정지(停止)되었다. 3. 저단백(低蛋白) 고지방품종(高脂肪品種) Shelby는 서해(西海)20호(號) 및 광교(光敎)에 비해 전(全) 성숙기간(成熟期間)에 대한 단백질함량(蛋白質含量) 감소기간(減少期間)이 길고 증가기간(增加期間)은 짧았으며, 지방함량(脂肪含量)의 증가기간(增加期間)이 특히 길었다. 4. 종실(種實)의 성숙과정중(成熟過程中) 단백질구성분(蛋白質構成分)의 변화양상(變化樣相)은 품종간(品種間) 차(差)가 뚜렷하였고, 완숙종실(完熟種實)의 단백질구성분(蛋白質構成分)들이 모두 출현(出現)하는 시기(時期)는 종실(種實)의 단백질함량(蛋白質含量) 감소(減少)가 끝난 시기(時期)와 대체(大體)로 일치(一致)되었으며, 상대이동도(相對移動度)가 가장 작은 단백질(蛋白質)(a'=Rm 0.03)이 개화후(開花後) 17일(日)까지는 존재(存在)하였으나 그 이후(以後)에는 없었다. 5. 고단백품종(高蛋白品種) 서해(西海)20호(號)는 광교(光敎) 및 Shelby에 비해 단백질구성분(蛋白質構成分) a($a_1+a_2+a_3$)의 조성비율(組成比率)이 성숙초기(成熟初期)에서부터 계속 높았고 개화후(開花後) 47일(日)까지 계속 증가(增加)되었으나, 광교(光敎)와 Shelby에서는 구성분(構成分) a의 조성비율(組成比率)이 개화후(開花後) 27일경(日頃) 이후(以後) 거의 변화(變化)되지 않았다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.741-752
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• 2020

Herein, the in vitro protein digestibility of lyophilized Protaetia brevitarsis larvae flour with and without defatting using 70% ethanol was compared with beef loin. Proximate analysis showed that the defatted larvae contained the highest protein content (p < 0.05). The viable counts of total aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, and coliform bacteria decreased significantly after defatting the larval samples with 70% ethanol (p < 0.05). Measurement of α-amino group content and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed higher amounts of low molecular weight proteins in the larvae compared to beef loin (p < 0.05). After in vitro digestion, the degree of protein hydrolysis of the digesta was higher for both larvae samples compared to beef loin (p < 0.05). No change was observed in the in vitro larval protein digestibility after defatting. These results highlight the excellent protein digestibility of P. brevitarsis larvae with high protein content. Defatting insect flour with 70% ethanol could enhance microbial safety while maintaining excellent protein digestibility.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.616-622
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• 2011

This study evaluated the fermentation characteristics and protein degradation dynamics of wet green tea grounds (WGTG) silage. The WGTG was ensiled with distilled water (control), or lactic acid bacteria (LAB), enzyme (E), formic acid (FA) and formaldehyde (FD) prior to ensiling. Three bag silos for each treatment were randomly opened at 0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 60 days after anaerobic storage. For all the treatments, except for FA, there was a rapid decline in pH during the first 7 days of ensiling. LAB treatment had higher lactic acid content, lower ammonia-N ($NH_3$-N) and free-amino nitrogen (FAA-N) contents than other treatments (p<0.05). E treatment had higher lactic acid, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content than the control (p<0.05). FA treatment had higher $NH_3$-N and FAA-N content than the control (p<0.05). FD treatment had lower NPN and FAA-N content than the control, but it did not significantly inhibit the protein degradation when compared to LAB treatment (p>0.05). Results indicate that LAB treatment had the best effect on the fermentation characteristics and protein degradation of WGTG silage.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 1998

The objectives of this study were to develop models to predict the contents of moisture and protein of single kernel of brown rice based on visible/NIR (near-infrared) spectroscopic technique. The reflectance spectra of rice were obtained in the range of the wavelength 400 to 2,500 nm with 2 nm intervals. Multiple linear regression(MLR) and partial least squares (PLS) were used to develop the models. The MLR model using the first derivative spectra(10 nm of gap) with Standard Normal Variate and Detrending (SNV and Drt.) preprocessing showed the best results to predict moisture content of the sin린e kernel brown rice. To predict the protein content of a single kernel of brown ricer the PLS model used the raw spectra with multiplicative scatter correction(MSC) preprocessing over the wavelength of 1,100~1,500 nm.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 1976

과맥 15개(個) 품종(品種) 또는 선발조건(選拔係統)(3개(個) 도원(道院)에서 재배(栽培)한 것)에 대(對)하여 단백질(蛋白質), 탄수화물(炭水化物) 및 P, K, Ca, Mg를 분석(分析)하고 염색법(染色法)과 Biuret에 의(依)한 단백질(蛋白質) 검정(檢定)을 하였으며 이들 상호간(相互間)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 단백질함량(蛋白質含量)은 평균(平均) 7.67%(최대(最大)백동 10.3, 최소(最少)방주 6.0%)로 대맥(大麥)보다 낮았으며 염색법(染色法)(DBC)과는 r=-0.769, Biuret과는 0.616으로 1%에서 유의성(有意性)을 보였다. 2. 단백질함량(蛋白質含量)은 $P_2O_5$와 r=0.607, MgO와 0.498로 각각 1% 및 5%에서 유의성(有意性)을 보였다. 3. 방사선(放射線) 육종(育種) 계열(係列)의 단백함량(蛋白含量)은 최대(最大) 8.40%, 최소(最少) 6.75%로 큰 차이를 보였다. 4. 과맥은 대맥(大麥)보다 탄수화물(炭水化物)이 적은 편이나 무기성분(無機成分) 함량(含量)은 높은 편이다. 5. Ca는 K와 r=-0.560의 1%에서 유의상관(有意相關)을 보여 곡실(穀實)에로의 전류(轉流) 또는 흡수(吸收)에서의 길항적(拮抗的) 관계(關係)가 있는 것 같다. 6. 탄수화물함량(炭水化物含量)은 유의성(有意性)은 없으나 단백질함량(蛋白質含量)과 최대부상관(最大負相關)을 보였다. 7. 고단백품종(高蛋白品種)(백동)보다 저단백품종(低蛋白品種)(방주)은 시비구(施肥區)(16%)에서나 무비구(無肥區)(47%)에서 수량(收量)이 높았다.