• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2000

Purpose : Intravenous infusion of albumin has been widely und to relieve severe nephrotic edema in spite of beneficial or harmful effects. The purpose of this study is to examine the harmful effect of albumin on the clinical course of steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome(SSNS). Method : We prospectively randomized the patients with nephrotic syndrome(biopsy proven or clinically compatible to minimal change nephrotic syndrome) into the albumin group(20$\%$ albumin 1 g/kg) or control group(5$\%$ D/W) between March 1997 and September 1999 at Ewha University Mokdong Hospital. We compared the clinical course of the albumin group(n=13) with the control group(n=13). Results : 1. The duration of steroid therapy until complete remission in the albumin group was significantly longer than the control group($13.7{\pm}6.4\;days\;vs\;7.5{\pm}2.8\;days$)(P<0.05). 2. The remission duration to the first relapse was significantly shorter in the albumin group ($94{\pm}63.5$ days) than the control group($190{\pm}106.4$ days)(P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in the relapse rate within 1 year after complete remission[77$\%$ (10/13) vs 46$\%$ (6/13)](P>0.05) and the relapse frequency per year($1.9{\pm}0.8\;vs\;1.5{\pm}0.5$) between the albumin and control groups. 3. Spot urine protein/creatinine ratio significantly increased in the albumin group at post-albumin 2, 4 days(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the change of the daily percent weight loss, blood pressure, serum Na, K concentration between the albumin and control groups. Conclusion : Albumin infusion in SSNS delayed the response to steroid and shortened the remission duration to the first relapse. Albumin should be carefully used in nephrotic edema.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.394-400
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• 2008

Purpose: Quantitative comparison of transgene expression within stem cells between lentivirus and adenovirus-mediated delivery systems has not been reported. Here, we evaluated the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) gene expression in rat mesenchymal stem cell (rMSC) transduced by lentivirus or adenovirus, and compared the hNIS expression quantitatively between the two delivery systems. Materials and Methods: Lentiviral-mediated hNIS expressing rMSC (lenti-hNIS-rMSC) was constructed by cloning hNIS gene into pLenti6/UbC/V5-DEST (Invitrogen) to obtain pLenti-hNIS, transducing rMSC with the pLenti-hNIS, and selecting with blasticidin for 3 weeks. Recombinant adenovirus expressing hNIS gene (Rad-hNIS) was produced by homologous recombination and transduction efficiency of Rad-hNIS into rMSC evaluated by Rad-GFP was $19.1{\pm}4.7%$, $54.0{\pm}6.4%$, $85.7{\pm}8.7%$, and $98.4{\pm}1.3%$ at MOI 1, 5, 20, and 100, respectively. The hNIS expressions in lenti-hNIS-rMSC or adeno-hNIS-rMSC were assessed by immunocytochemistry, western blot, and 1-125 uptake. Results: Immunocytochemistry and western blot analyses revealed that hNIS expressions in lenti-hNIS-rMSC were greater than those in adeno-hNIS-rMSC at MOI 20 but lower than at MOI 50. However in vitro 1-125 uptake test demonstrated that iodide uptake in lenti-hNIS-rMSC ($29,704{\pm}6,659\; picomole/10^6\;cells$) was greater than that in adeno-hNIS-rMSC at MOI 100 ($6,168{\pm}2,134\;picomole/10^6\;cells$). Conclusion: Despite lower amount of expressed protein, hNIS function in rMSC was greater by lentivirus than by adenovirus mediated expression. Stem cell tracking using hNIS as a reporter gene should be conducted in consideration of relative vector efficiency for transgene expression.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of harvest stage of corn on the quality of square baled corn silage manufactured with corn grown in paddy land of Department of Animal Resources Development, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA from 2009 to 2010. Corn "Kwangpyungok" was harvested at three different growth stages (milk, yellow ripen and ripen stage) and ensiled at each harvest time. Square baled corn silage was manufactured by use of square silage wrapping compressor. Each treatment was replicated three times. The content of crude protein (CP) of corn in square baled corn silage decreased with delayed maturity, but the content of ADF (acid detergent fiber), NDF (neutral detergent fiber), TDN (total digestible nutrient) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were not changed. The content of moisture, pH and the nutritive values at three different harvest stages were not influenced by the method of silage manufacture and inoculant. The content of lactate of square baled corn silage harvested in milk stage of corn was significantly increased, as compared with that of round baled corn silage (P<0.05), but in stage of yellow ripen was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The content of acetate in square baled corn silage significantly decreased with delayed harvest maturity, as compared with that of round baled corn silage (P<0.05). Flieg's score of square baled corn silage harvested in milk stage of corn was slightly higher than that of round baled corn silage, but Flieg's scores in yellow ripen stage and ripen stage were not influenced by the method of silage manufacture. Flieg's score with delayed maturity was not influenced by the method of silage manufacture and inoculant. The manufacture of square baled corn silage was proved to be suitable for the fermentation of corn silage. Therefore, this study suggest that square baled corn silage can be a way of new silage manufacture technique.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1378-1385
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• 2019

The nutritional composition and optimal eating stage of the super mealworm, Zophobas atratus (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae), were investigated to explore its use as a food ingredient. It was determined that 10^th instar larvae were most suitable for eating in terms of nutritional value as well as economic aspects. To improve the quality of powder production, the nutritional value of 10^th instar larvae before and after degreasing was analyzed. After drying the larvae powder, crude protein was the most abundant nutrient both before (52.3%) and after (60.6%) degreasing while crude fat measured 36.3% and 21.7% before and after degreasing, respectively. In terms of essential amino acids, leucine levels were highest and 1.3 times greater after degreasing (4.5%) than before (3.5%). Oleic acid, the highest unsaturated fatty acid in larvae, was 31.7% after degreasing which was 1.1 times higher than before (33.2%). Among various major minerals, potassium was most abundant and 1.4 times higher after degreasing (1267.0 mg/100 g) than before (879.3 mg/100 g). Harmful substances were 1.3 to 2.0 times lower in the degreased larvae, although mercury or pathogenic bacteria were not detected in either group. We therefore conclude that degreased Z. atratus larvae are more suitable for eating than before degreasing.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.289-295
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene polymorphism and in vitro fertilization(IVF) embryo development in the pigs. The single strand conformation polymorphism(SSCP) genotypes from HSP70 K1, K3 and K4 PCR products were detected different patterns. In cleavage rate of oocyte fertilized in vitro, HSP70 K1-AA genotype($73.1\%$) and K1-AB genotype($62.3\%$) showed significantly higher oocyte cleavage rate than HSP70 K1-BB genotype($49.3\%$)(p<0.05). And HSP70 K3-AA genotype ($72.4\%$) and K3-AB($62.2\%$) also showed significantly higher oocyte cleavage rate than HSP70 K3-BB genotype($49.1\%$)(p<0.05). The IVF embryo development of 2-cell stage according to HSP70 genotypes of sperm and pig breeds also showed a significant difference. The number of embryos developed to 2-cell stage in Landrace(28.8) and Duroc(29.8) were significantly higher than in Yorkshire(10.9)(p<0.05). And also HSP70 K4-AB genotype group(29.6) higher than HSP70 K4-AA genotype group(10.6)(p<0.05). However, the number of embryos developed to blastocyst stage did not showed significant differences among breeds as well as HSP70 genotypes. These resrults suggest that in vitro development in porcine early embryos may be affected by HSP70 genotypes and breeds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 1989

To estimate the nutritional values and the optimum cooking method of the Cow's rumen-reticulum (tripe) which is a Korean traditional food, the nutrients of raw tissue of tripes, the changes in total N, ${\alpha}-amino$ N, calcium and phosphorus contents and nucleotides and their related compounds contents in soup stock prepared of tripe tissues according to various boiling time period with saucepot or pressure cooker and various ratios of the water to the tripe (wt/wt) were measured. No significant difference was observed in nutrients contents between rumen (1st stomach) and reticulum (2nd stomach) which contained 83% moisture, 0.4-0.5% ash, 3% fat, 13% protein, 50-56 mg% calcium, 75-76 mg% phosphorus. 75-77 mg% ${\alpha}-amino$ N on fresh weight basis. The results obtained show that the significant loss of nutrients observed after removing epitherial cell layer from tripe, and in aspect of the nutrients contents, the nucletides contents, and the sensory evaluation score in soup stock, the optimum cooking time period of tripe was 8 hours in boiling in saucepot and 1 or 2 hours in cooking in pressure cooker, and the ratio of the water to the tripe (wt/wt) was above ten.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2007

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was chemically synthesized using the alkaline isomerization method of com oil. CLA-TG was synthesized by reaction with sodium methoxide. Five different treatments were devised based on differences in the amount of CLA-TG added into the pressed han. for controls, 10% of pork back fat among the total component was only added without any CLA-TG. For the first treatment, 5% of CLA-TG among the lard component added into the press ham was replaced. For the 2nd, 3rd and 4th treatments, 10%, 15% and 20% of CLA-TG was respectively replaced. Pressed ham manufactured using CLA-TG was vacuum packaged and then stored for 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days at $4^{\circ}C$. Samples were analyzed for chemical composition, physico-chemical properties (pH, color), and texture characteristics. Typical chemical composition characteristics (moisture, crude protein, crude fat) were not significantly different between controls and CLA-TG treatment groups. Crude fat content of CLA-TG treatment groups was significantly lower than that of controls (p<0.05). pH values of controls was higher than that of CLA-TG treatment groups. The pH of control and CLA-TG treatment groups increased significantly as the storage period increased (p<0.05). Meat color (CIE $L^*,\;b^*$) of CLA-TG treatment groups was higher than that of controls. $a^*$ values were decreased by replacement of CLA-TG, but appeared to be unaffected by storage length. There was no significant difference in texture between controls and CLA-TG treatment groups. Based on these findings, we conclude that the physico-chemical properties and texture characteristics of manufactured pressed ham were not affected by CLA-TG addition. Also, our results indicate that high-quality pressed ham can be manufactured with CLA accumulation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.203-218
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• 1975

In order to investigate the compositional change oil composts during the growing of cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), composts and mushrooms during the period of filling to ending under commercial conditions were subjected to chemical analyses. The results are summarized as follows and the mechanism of composting for mushroom cultivation was proposed. 1) The temperature change of growing bed and room was observed and the yield of mushroom for each cropping time was recorded to get $15.6kg/m^2$ in total crops. 2) Composts after filling showed pH 8.2 which dropped to 6.4 after casing and continued so up to ending. 3) On the dry weight basis of composts, crude ash increased whereas total nitrogen, ether extract and crude fibre decreased gradually to bring about the lowering of organic matter. 4) Total nitrogen of composts decreased gradually and more insoluble nitrogen was lost than soluble nitrogen. The C/N ratio of composts was initially 21 which was gradually lowered to 16. 5) The losses of ${\alpha}-cellulose$, pentosan and lignin in composts were 87%, 75%, and 60%, respectively, in which ${\alpha}-cellulose$ decreased markedly after casing. 6) Free reducing sugars of composts increased continuously. Gradually increased free amino acids till second cropping decreased again thereafter. Composts at the filling stage contained alanine, glutamic acid, glycine and serine in which glycine decreased markedly whereas proline increased remarkably upon mushroom cultivation. 7) Among minerals of composts, phosphorus and zinc tended to decrease, potassium and copper tended to increase anti sodium showed no marked change. 8) In comparison of mushrooms from different cropping time with respect to proximate composition, minerals, free reducing sugars and amino acids, no marked difference was observed. However, a little higher values were observed in crude fat, free reducing sugars and sodium content for early crops and in free amino acids and phosphorus content for late crops. Twelve free amino acids including alanine, serine, threonine, and glutamic acid were detected in the cultivated mushroom. 9) According to above experimental results, it was possible to support the mechanism of compositing that the formation of ammonia and decomposition of carbohydrates by mesophiles are followed by protein biosynthesis, formation of microbial bodies and nitrogen-rich lignin humus complex by thermophiles, thus supplying necessary nutrients for mushroom growth, along with residual carbohydrates.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to obtain the fundamental data for health assessment of cultured fishes. A series of hematological studies and blood chemistries were made on cultured israeli carps from May, 1988 to May, 1989. The results of this study were as followings : 1. The blood constituents of healthy carps were Hct $32{\pm}3.4%$, Hb $8.3{\pm}0.9g/l$, RBCs $132{\pm}27.6({\times}10^4cm^3)$), Total protein $2.7{\pm}0.7g/dl$, GOT $143{\pm}19.5U$, GPT $50{\pm}14.2U$, Total glucose $70{\pm}12.6mg/dl$ and BUN $7.5{\pm}1.9mg/dl$, etc. 2. The blood constituents by change of water temperature with the control of $23^{\circ}C$ showed the decrease in Hct and RBCs at $18^{\circ}C$, and the increase in Hct, RBCs and glucose at $28^{\circ}C$. 3. The blood constituents by change of dissolved oxigen with the control of 4.5ppm showed the increase in Hct and RBCs at 3ppm, and the decrease in Hct and RBCs at 7ppm. 4. In the case of intramuscular injection of Streptococcus sp. with $10^6cells$/fish infection dose, there showed marked decrease in Hct, RBCs, glucose and BUN with inflammatory reaction, and the fishes were recovered in 16 days. 5. In the case on intraperitoneal injection of Streptococcus sp. with $10^4cells$/fish infection dose, there showed decrease in Hct, RBCs and BUN with inflammatory reaction, but there were no dead cases. 6. In the case of intramuscular injection of Edwardsilla tarda with $1.2{\times}10^8cells$/fish infection dose, there showed decrease in Hct and RBCs, and increase in TCHO, GOT, GPT and BUN with marked inflammatory reaction, and 60% of inoculated fishes were died within 3 or 4 days.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.244-253
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• 2012

The effect of fermented Rhus verniciflua stem bark (FRVSB) extract on the microbial count, enzyme activity, concentrations of free amino acids and organic acids, and physiochemical properties of doenjang (soybean paste) was evaluated during brine fermentation. The FRVSB extract increased the total free amino acid concentration by 1.3-3.1-fold on the $42^{nd}$ day of brine fermentation. After the filtration of brine, the following microbial counts were obtained in the doenjang: bacteria, $0.3{\times}10^8-12.0{\times}10^8$ cfu/g; mold, $3.0{\times}10^4-21.0{\times}10^4$ cfu/g; yeast, $1.0{\times}10^4-2.0{\times}10^4$ cfu/g; Escherichia coli, not detected; and Bacillus cereus, $3.0{\times}10^2-25.0{\times}10^2$ cfu/g. The FRVSB extract addition enhanced the protein and starch degrading activity by 13.8-26.0% and 16.1-35.1%, respectively. The extract increased the total free amino acid content by 1.4-3.0-fold. Lactic acid, acetic acid, and pyroglutamic acid were the predominant organic acids in doenjang. Moreover, the proximate composition, pH, moisture, ash, salt, and amino nitrogen content were increased.