• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the protective mechanisms of Palmul-tang on hypoxia-induced cytotoxicity in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. Methods : In this study, we used H9c2 cells. Cells were subjected to hypoxia in the absence and presence of $1000\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ Palmul-tang for 24 hrs. Cells were treated with various concentrations of Palmul-tang for 24 hrs. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Hypoxia markedly decreased the viability of H9c2 cells, which was characterized with apparent apoptotic features such as chromatin condensation as well as fragmentation of genomic DNA and nuclei. Results : Palmul-tang significantly reduced hypoxia-induced cell death and apoptotic characteristics. Also, Palmul-tang prevented mitochondrial dysfunction including the disruption of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MPT) and an increase in expression of apoptogenic Bcl-2 proteins in hypoxia-H9c2 cells. Conclusions; This study suggests that the protective effects of Palmul-tang against hypoxic damages may be mediated by the modulation of Bcl-2, Bax expression.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.10 no.3_4
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• pp.15-20
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• 1995

The protective and therapeutic effects of Alismatis Rhizoma extracts on rat liver injury induced by carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbon, benzo(a)pyrene were investigated in rats. Serum and liver triglyceride, total-cholesterol level and serum HDL-cholesterol content were measured. Alismatis Rhizoma extracts inhibited the enhanced production of lipid in chemically induced liver injury. Among 4 fractions, CHCh fraction revealed the most powerful liver-protective effect. Our results strongly suggest that Alismatis Rhizoma be a promising liver-protective agent.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.275-286
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• 2013

In the present study, antioxidant activity and protective effect of extracts from Sambucus williamsii var. coreana stems (SWC) were evaluated on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) induced oxidative stress in human liver (Chang) cells. Antioxidant activities of the SWC extracts were determined by various radical scavenging activities, such as DPPH, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. SWC extracts showed strong antioxidant effect on various assay. To determine the hepatoprotective effects of SWC on t-BHP induced oxidative damage, cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Pretreatment of SWC extracts showed increasing cell viability, decreasing ROS and restoring mitochondria membrane potential on t-BHP induced oxidative stress in Chang cells. Our findings suggest that SWC extracts may be considered a potential agent for therapeutic protective effect from oxidative stress through its antioxidant activity.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 1994

One hundred fifty four our of 262 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum obtained from healthy plant tissues of various crops and their rhizosphere soil were found to be nonpathogenic to cucumber plants. The nonpathogenic isolates were frequently found from sesame plant tissues and rhizosphere soil, but less from healthy plant tissues of cucumber and water melon. When the 154 nonpathogenic isolates were preinoculated into cucumber seedlings, and then challenge-inoculated with Fusarium wilt pathogen, 21 isolates protected effectively cucumber plants from Fusarium wilt infections. A year later, 9 out of 21 isolates fully sustained their protective effect. Among 9 isolates showing good protective effects, 7 were isolates from cucumber plants. These 9 isolates except 1 isolate, were not pathogenic to water melon, chines melon, tomato and sesame.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 1994

One hundred fifty four out of 262 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum obtained from healthy plant tissues of various crops and their rhizosphere soil were found to be nonpathogenic to cucumber plants. The nonpathogenic isolates were frequently found from sesame plant tissues and rhizosphere soil, but less from healthy plant tissues of cucumber and water melon. When the 154 nonpathogenic isolates were preinoculated into cucumber seedlings, and then challenge-inoculated with Fusarium wilt pathogen, 21 isolates protected effectively cucumber plants from Fusarium wilt infections. A year later, 9 out of 21 isolates fully sustained their protective effect. Among 9 isolates showing good protective effects, 7 were isolates from cucumber plants. These 9 isolates, except 1 isolate, were not pathogenic to water melon, chinese melon, tomato and sesame.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.30-36
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• 2007

Cypermethrin-containing polyurea microcapsules were prepared by interfacial polymerization using aromatic 2,4-toluene diisocyanate(TDI) and Ethylene diamine(EDA) as wall forming materials. The effects of the protective colloids of polyvinylalcohol(PVA) and gelatin were investigated through experimentation. The mean size of the polyurea microcapsules was smaller and the surface morphology of the PVA was much smoother than gelatin. In addition the release behavior was much more controlled and better sustained. As the concentration of protective colloid increased, the wall membrane of the polyurea microcapsules became more stable, the thermal stability of the wall membrane increased, the mean particle size became smaller, and the particle distribution was more uniform. The release behavior of the core material changed according to the concentration. As the gelatin concentration was increased, a more controlled and sustained release behavior was observed. However, in the case of PVA, the increase of PVA concentration lead to a more rapid release rate.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2006

Protective effects of the water extract of Protaetia brevitarsis larva against $CCl_4-induced$ toxicity were investigated in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. The extract used in these studies contained several minerals, fatty acids and amino acids. Treatment of hepatocyte cultures with the extract provided a significant protection from the increased LDH activity induced by $CCl_4$. The results demonstrated that the extract may have the protective effect against $CCl_4-induced$ toxicity in hepatocyte cultures.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2019

The extracts of Plathymenia reticulata and Connarus favosus are widely used in the folk medicine. The potential protective effects of these extracts have been evaluated against cadmium in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and against mercurial contamination in zebrafish Danio rerio. In yeast, both extracts efficiently protected the ${\Delta}ycf1$ mutant strain exposed to cadmium chloride restoring the growth, the expression of stress-response genes and decreasing the level of oxidative stress. In zebrafish, the supplementation of methylmercury-contaminated diet with both plant extracts similarly protected fish through the suppression of the methylmercury-induced lipid peroxidation, decrease of acetylcholinesterase activity, and restoring the expression levels of stress-response genes. This study particularly demonstrates the protective potential of both aqueous extracts against methylmercury, and could represent an interesting alternative for the Amazonian fish-eating communities to cope with the impact of chronic exposure to contaminated diets.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.196-206
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• 2012

Besides their role as building blocks of protein, there are growing evidences that some amino acids have roles in regulating key metabolic pathways that are necessary for maintenance, growth, reproduction, and immunity. Here, we evaluated the modulatory functions of several amino acids in protective immunity against mucosal infection of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). We found that glutamine (Gln) and leucine (Leu) showed enhanced protective immunity to HSV-1 mucosal infection when two administration of Gln and single administration of Leu per day, but not when administered in combinations. Ameliorated clinical signs of HSV-1 challenged mice by the intraperitoneal administration of Gln and Leu were closely associated with viral burden and IFN-${\gamma}$ production in the vaginal tract at 2 and 4 days post-infection. In addition, the enhanced production of vaginal IFN-${\gamma}$ appeared to be caused by NK and HSV-1 antigen-specific Th1-type CD4+ T cells recruited into vaginal tract of mice treated with Gln and Leu, which indicates that IFN-${\gamma}$, produced by NK and Th1-type CD4+ T cells, may be critical to control the outcome of diseases caused by HSV-1 mucosal infection. Collectively, our results indicate that intraperitoneal administration of Gln and Leu following HSV-1 mucosal infection could provide beneficial effects for the modulation of protective immunity, but dosage and frequency of administration should be carefully considered, because higher frequency and overdose of Gln and Leu, or their combined treatment, showed detrimental effects to protective immunity.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.269-290
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of psychosocial protective and risk factors on problem drinking among American adolescents. In addition, this study investigated the compensatory and buffering effects of psychosocial protective factors. The sample consisted 4,362 10th graders taken from the Monitoring the Future Study 2002. This study performed the hierarchical regression analysis for data analyses. The main findings provided that friend influence, sensation-seeking, and tolerance of deviance had significant positive relationships with problem drinking as risk factors. This study also revealed that negative perception on drinking, parental bonding, school bonding, and prosocial activity had significant direct impacts in decreasing problem drinking, which explains the compensatory effect of protective factors. Additionally, this study showed that negative perception on drinking had a significant buffering effect moderating friend influence on adolescents' opportunities exposed to problem drinking. The results of this study suggest some practical implications for preventive intervention programs that target adolescent problem drinking.