• Korean Security Journal
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• no.15
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• pp.221-242
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• 2008

Protection is to maximize the protectee's physical security by minimizing the threats and minimizing the damages caused by the threats. From this point of view, the assassination case of Israel's former Premier Yitzhak Rabin who devoted himself to proceed peace process in Middle East, on November 4, 1995, gives us a lot of lessons on protection. At that time, Israeli society was chaotic with anti-Rabin and anti-government demonstrations which is against Rabin's peace process, and they openly threatened to assassinate Premier Rabin. However, Shin Bet, Israeli Protective Agency, didn't reacted against the assassination threats effectively. Also they have to try to secure friendly public to widen the width of selection in case of crisis and to secure the credibility of the organization. They have to prevent harmful activities in advance by securing wide intelligence networks to collect and analyze various protective intelligences and preparing proper protective countermeasures. Intelligence is a basic element in protection and any protective measures not supported by intelligence activities are not useful and effective. Potential attackers study their target thoroughly and make an elaborate plan before their attack. Advance team is required to conduct security measures on a basis of analysis of vulnerability and threat factors, and close protection team should be prepared for the changing situations with crisis-consciousness. Is security, 100% perfection is not possible. However, Shin Bet failed to analyze and approach to the existing threats. They forgot the fact that security environment reflects social situations. Protection agents should be conscious of the fact that today is different from yesterday. So we have to expect what is not expected when not expected.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 2002

In this paper we study the performance test items and improvement plans of surge protective devices for low-voltage power circuits used in railway system. Above of all, the sources of electromagnetic interference in railway system are researched. And then we compared domestic railway standard with IEC and IEEE standards far the test items and methodologies of surge protective devices. Through the investigations, we found that the domestic standard is behind in the number of test items and methods on surge protective devices. As the countermeasures, we suggest removing component tests of surge protective devices, separating standards for power and signal standards, and using international surge waveform. In applying to domestic railway surge protective devices, surge limiting voltage measuring and surge endurance tests by international standard methods are good result.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.34-36
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• 2008

In this paper, we study on the necessity for limiting impedance of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter(SFCL) considering protective coordination. Several countermeasures have been proposed to protect the power system effectively from the larger fault current. Among them, the SFCL has been expected as one of the most effective solutions. However, the application of SFCL into power system can cause some problems, such as non-operation of instantaneous elements, of protective coordination because of limiting fault current. So we suggest that impedance of SFCL is must limited for operation of instantaneous elements. 'This method is essential to introduce application of SFCL into power distribution system.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.8
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• pp.1512-1518
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• 2009

Recently, new dispersed power sources such as photovoltaics, wind power, fuel cell etc. are energetically interconnected and operated in the distribution systems, as one of the national projects for alternative energy. This paper deals with the optimal countermeasures for the mal-function of protective devices at primary feeder in distribution systems when new power sources like photovoltaic (PV) systems are interconnected, based on the symmetrical components of short circuit studies. When new power sources are considered to be interconnected to distribution systems, bi-directional power flow and interconnection transformer connection of new power sources may cause the operation problems of protective devices (mainly re-closer), since new power sources can change typical characteristics of distribution systems. Therefore, this paper shows an analysis skill of the mal-functional mechanism of protective relay and proposes the optimal solution for the mal-function problem using the symmetrical components of fault analysis. And, this paper also shows the effectiveness of proposed method by the simulation at the field distribution systems.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.357-359
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• 2004

Fuse is the initial equipment of Protective Relay The installation standard of Fuse has been used for long time in Power Facilities. However according to the innovative development of Electric & Electronic element(=semiconductor) Technology, Protective Relay and other Power Equipments are being changed into Digitalization and Multi-Functional Convergence. In contrast with it, the installation standard of Fuse is just the same. There is a need to give careful consideration to it. This study will bear a Part of producing a safe and efficient Power by examining the current installation of primal 8f secondary 1'use in multi-functional PT of Power plant, giving a problem careful consideration and suggesting suitable countermeasures.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.755-760
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• 2008

The increase of fault current due to larger power demand has caused the capacity of power machines in grid to increase. To protect the power system effectively from the larger fault current, several countermeasures have been proposed. Among them, the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) has been expected as one of the most effective solutions. Therefore, to introduce SFCL into power distribution system, the analysis on protection in power distribution system with SFCL is essential. In this paper, the problems of the protective coordination in power distribution system with SFCL were described.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07b
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• pp.1083-1084
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• 2006

The wide spread of DC electric railway systems such as urban rapid transits including heavy rail and light rail transits has significant ramification as the stray currents from return conductor rails can cause the electrochemical interference, that is, the electrolytic corrosion of both rails and outside underground metallic infrastructures. The immature understanding of either the railway authority who is responsible for establishing the necessary provisions at the design stage or the affected parties makes it difficult to prepare the optimum range of solutions for the long-pending interference problem. In Japan, however, numerous assessment studies have been carried out on the stray current interference, by which protective guidelines are provided by "Electrolysis Committee". In this paper, we review a guide book from "Tokyo Electrolysis Committee", namely, "Protective Methods for Stray Current Corrosion".

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.315-330
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• 2020

Although tariffs are falling due to the establishment of WTO and the increase of FTA agreements, Non-tariff measures such as trade remedies, trade technology barriers (TBT), sanitary quarantine (SPS) and customs regulations have become trade barriers, limiting free trade. Korea, which has achieved export-led economic growth, should present countermeasures. As Non-tariff measures are complex and are applied in different countries, Customized countermeasures by type, industry and country should be presented. To this end, non-tariff DB should be established. In order to collect, analyze, and present measures for non-tariff measures, a dedicated organization dedicated to the government is essential. And consultation among the other parties on non-tariff measures is important, and activities are important at the WTO committee. In addition, it is necessary to foster expertise and expertise in non-tariff organizations. Existing research shows non-tariff measures in each country. As existing studies have been analyzed through studies based on the non-tariff measures of each country or reports of international organizations, there are limitations in the identification of regulations and comparative analysis between countries. Therefore, this paper analyzes on the basis of non-tariff measures DB of WTO I-TIP.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07b
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• pp.1075-1076
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• 2006

The wide spread of DC electric railway systems such as urban rapid transits including heavy rail and light rail transits has significant ramification as the stray currents from return conductor rails can cause the electrochemical interference, that is, the electrolytic corrosion of both rails and outside underground metallic infrastructures. The immature understanding of either the railway authority who is responsible for establishing the necessary provisions at the design stage or the affected parties makes it difficult to prepare the optimum range of solutions for the long-pending interference problem. In advanced countries, however, numerous assessment studies have been carried out on the stray current interference, by which protective standards and regulations are provided under the collaboration and agreement of the related parties. In this paper, we introduce a european standard from IEC, namely, "IEC 62128-2:2003 railway applications-fixed installations -part 2: protective provisions against the effects of stray currents caused by d.c. traction systems" and a "Code of Practice" produced by Victorian electrolysis committee (VEC) based on "Electricity Safety Act 1998" and "Electricity safety (stray current corrosion) regulations 1999" of Victoria state, Australia.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.420-430
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• 2014

Firefighters performing disaster response activities such as Fire Suppression Rescue First Aid in fire are being exposed in various adverse factors, heat, smoke, toxic gases, emotional stress, biological toxic factors and physical overload by unnatural ergonomic posture required for firefighters. But so far, there is the study for this problem only separately. There is no study about comprehesive analysis of exposed adverse factors in fire-related disaster response activities and countermeasures. The purpose of this study is to contiribute to solving the health problems and prevention of accidents of firefighters by extracting hazardous agents in disaster such as fire and by proposing countermeasures. After analyzing circumstances such as fire-suppression, rescue first aid and life-environment, exposure factors of fire are derived and exposure status is suggested according to physical chemical biological psychological aspects. The countermeasure against the noise of the physical exposure factors are proposed. The countermeasures such as protective equipment and clean room in chemical factors, infection prevention education, vaccination and periodic check system in biological factors, PTSD alleviation booth and mentoring in psychological factors are proposed.