• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2013

Men should be able to do whatever they want to and want to safely protected at home which is special domain for them. The disabled live mentally uncomfortable lives at home which should be a place where they should be comfortable and convenient. Renovation projects started in Incheon since 2009 by commencing renovation projects for the disabled by the government and welfare centers. Since the project is a program supported by the government or welfare centers thus priority on renovation was decided and carried out by in-depth interview to decide areas to renovate because of limited budgets. This paper is aimed to propose plans for renovating homes according to priority for renovation for dwellers when renovating homes for the disabled with limited budgets. Renovating home for the disabled can be broadly divided into physical, environmental, esthetic renovations, and physical renovation is a basic renovation for daily lives without restrictions in living and include easy movements, accesses to each rooms and adequacy of movement, easily accesses related with easily accessible distance and height, safety to prevent accidents caused by physical inabilities. Environmental renovation is general supports becoming the base of daily living and include control for controlling lighting, heating, air quality for comfortable environments in living space and pleasantness to maintain bright and pleasant interior with sufficient light. Esthetic renovation includes expression of identity by expressing image of one self and visual effects or spatial consideration for hobbies to enjoy comfortable and rich lives.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.479-496
• /
• 2004

This study attempts to examine Egyptian agricultural development with regard to the social and political changes in the Egypt, and tries to explore the patterns of major crops and those spatial distribution nowadays. Also, land reclamation processes and farming activities are explained. Agricultural development in Egypt has been considerably affected by historical international trade, and those crops such as cotton and sugar cane have been especially protected and controlled as strategic crops by the Egyptian governments. The issues of land ownership have been varied with political environments by periods, but the controls to the strategic crops have been consistently maintained to a degree though some variations. since the 1990s, national liberalization programs also caused to change the agricultural policies which have affected the adjustments of crop production and land use. Spatial distribution of major crops and farming activities are examined in relation to natural environments by Delta, Middle and Upper Egypt, desert areas. The projects of land reclamation after 1952 are evaluated with the effects of government intervention, and the actors in use of the reclaimed lands are investigated.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.211-223
• /
• 2015

Korean society has been recently promoting the restoration of coastal wetlands. These efforts might become the basis of a policy framework that compensates for the limitations of a regulation-oriented policy such as the designation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The shift in government policy could contribute to strengthening the socioeconomic infrastructure of coastal development through the accumulation of ecological capital. Although our scientific efforts and social demands in regard to the ecological restoration of the coastal wetlands have increased during the past years, the bases for restoration in Korea requires that scientific, technological, financial, social and legal aspects be enhanced. The present study re-examined the concept and attitudes behind coastal wetland restoration in the light of changing circumstances in Korea. Herein, we first defined coastal wetland restoration as "An act of recovering the functions of the ecosystem of coastal wetlands to a state that resembles conditions prior to being damaged." Next, this study discussed the limitations and future directions of such restoration efforts based on the descriptive analyses of recent restoration practices from social, economic, and technological aspects. Finally, we suggest future policy directions regarding coastal wetland restoration on the basis of a PFST (Policy, Financial, Social, and Technological) analysis; 1) re-arranging legal mechanisms, 2) setting multi-dimensional restoration goals, 3) establishing a multi-discipline- and convergence based R&D system, 4) linking spatial management and local development to the restoration, 5) building restoration governance at the local level, 6) implementing an ecosystem service payment system, and 7) applying test-bed projects in accordance with proper directions.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.105-109
• /
• 2010

The European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD) (2000/60/EC) was transposed into Irish law by Statutory Instrument Nos. 722 of 2003, 413 of 2005 and 218 of 2009, which set out a new strategy and process to protect and enhance Ireland's water resources and water-dependent ecosystems. The Directive requires a novel, holistic, integrated, and iterative process to address Ireland's natural waters based on a series of six-year planning cycles. Key success factors in implementing the Directive include an in-depth and balanced treatment of the ecological, economic, institutional and cultural aspects of river basin management planning. Introducing this visionary discipline for the management of sustainable water resources requires a solemn commitment to a new mindset and an overarching monitoring and management regime which hitherto has never been attempted in Ireland. The WFD must be implemented in conjunction with a myriad of complimentary directives and associated legislation, addressing such key related topics as flood/drought management, biodiversity protection, land use planning, and water/wastewater and diffuse pollution engineering and regulation. The critical steps identified for river basin management planning under the WFD include: 1) characterization and classification of water bodies (i.e., how healthy are Irish waters?), 2) definition of significant water pressures (e.g., agriculture, forestry, septic tanks), 3) enhancement of measures for designated protected areas, 4) establishment of objectives for all surface and ground waters, and 5) integrating these critical steps into a comprehensive and coherent river basin management plan and associated programme of measures. A parallel WFD implementation programme critically depends on an effective environmental management system (EMS) approach with a plan-do-check-act cycle applied to each of the evolving six-year plans. The proactive involvement of stakeholders and the general public is a key element of this EMS approach.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.83-96
• /
• 2017

This study aims to explore how to improve students' rights based on their age and development stages. To this end, we analyzed a survey that had been carried out with 1,065 students from elementary, middle and high schools in 2 most populated counties in Korea, focusing on the differences in their perception with regard to the right to survive, develop, be protected and participate. The result of the analysis showed that high school students' sense of rights was at the lowest in general, while being particularly low in their sense of participation rights. However, when it comes to the development rights and protection rights, the level of recognition of middle school students were as low as those of high school students. Based on the results, we suggested that a proactive effort to guarantee adolescents' participation rights is required, and that education of human rights should be emphasized not only for children but also for their supporters. In the follow-up study, it is required to investigate the differences between development stages and regions by including participants with diverse ages and residential areas.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.11-26
• /
• 1994

The criteria which have been used for the assessment of wildlife conservation values and particularly botanical values during the last decade, 1969~1986, were reviewed in order to select an appropriate set of criteria applicable for Korea. Fifteen studies, including studies of particular sites reviews of ecological evaluation are reviewed. Four criteria, rarity, diversity, size & extent and naturalness were used in more than half of these studies reviewed. The sixteen components were arranged with the scale of the sites, in view of the Korean situation. The human Interference, ecological fragility. as well as rarity, etc. were major components to be considered at small scale sites. In the contrary, area, diversity position in ecological and geographical unit, and naturalness, etc. considered the major components at larger scale sites. The components such as uniqueness, typicalness, research and educational, etc. were considered both applicable. Although this criteria should be tested by applications in the field and amended there after, It will be one of the first-step to evaluate of the protected areas, as well as specific plant species in the future.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.169-172
• /
• 2018

National parks are designated and managed for the purpose of preserving natural ecosystems, nature and cultural scenery, and promoting sustainable utilization in Korea. Since we designated Jirisan as the first Korean national park in 1967, we have now designated and managed 22 national parks. Because these national parks are the core protected areas of the nation and the ecological recreation center for the people, the interests of researchers related to national parks and citizens have steadily increased over the last 50 years. Especially, various natural science researches and social studies on national parks have been conducted with the launch of the Korea National Park Service in 1987, which is dedicated to national park management. However, we still lack research on national park research trends in Korea in spite of the increase in scientific research and public interest. It is important to know who and what institutes are leading national parks research, what research topics have been conducted, what kinds of researches are important in each national park, and how these researches relate to national park management policies. We propose a study to review the national parks related studies that have been carried out so far and identify the research trends. In the pilot study, we collected about 700 research papers on national parks published between 2002 and 2016 through the Korea Citation Index of Korean journals. We are analyzing the number of papers published, research institutes and research topics related to national parks. Analysis of these national park research trends will be necessary for efficient national park management and policy making for future generations.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.29 no.8
• /
• pp.809-818
• /
• 2020

To conserve the population of a hesperiid butterfly, Leptalina unicolor, inhabiting the protected areas of Jaeyaksan, we provide ecological information on their behavior and propose habitat conservation measures, such as the creation of alternative habitats based on comprehensive information. The behavioral study used a method of re-capture after releasing the butterfly with enamel marks on the wings. Adult behaviors were shown in four patterns: flying, settling on a plant, nectar absorption, and water absorption. Both males and females had the highest proportion of flight movement overall; however, males had a slightly higher proportion of flight movement. As for duration, females spent more time settling on plants to select spawning sites, and males seemed to take a longer time for water absorption activities, to absorb minerals needed to form the spermatophore. The average travel distance of butterflies was 27.5 m for females and 46.7 m for males, with daily activity ranges from 11.2 m to 43.8 m, and 21.4 to 57.6 m, respectively. The most important condition to preserve the habitat of Leptalina unicolor is to maintain the community of Miscanthus sinensis, a food plant. Additionally, because this butterfly has a high rate of water absorption activities, wetlands should be maintained.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.184-190
• /
• 2018

PURPOSE. To analyze stress distribution in premolars restored with inlays or onlays using various materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three-dimensional maxillary premolar models of abutments were designed to include the following: 1) inlay with O cavity (O group), 2) inlay with MO cavity (MO group), 3) inlay with MOD cavity (MOD group), and 4) onlay (ONLAY group). A restoration of each inlay or onlay cavity was simulated using gold alloy, e.max ceramic, or composite resin for restoration. To simulate masticatory forces, a total of 140 N static axial force was applied onto the tooth at the occlusal contact areas. A finite element analysis was performed to predict the magnitude and pattern of stresses generated by occlusal loading. RESULTS. Maximum von Mises stress values generated in the abutment teeth of the ONLAY group were ranged from 26.1 to 26.8 MPa, which were significantly lower than those of inlay groups (O group: 260.3-260.7 MPa; MO group: 252.1-262.4 MPa; MOD group: 281.4-298.8 MPa). Maximum von Mises stresses generated with ceramic, gold, and composite restorations were 280.1, 269.9, and 286.6 MPa, respectively, in the MOD group. They were 252.2, 248.0, 255.1 MPa, respectively, in the ONLAY group. CONCLUSION. The onlay design (ONLAY group) protected tooth structures more effectively than inlay designs (O, MO, and MOD groups). However, stress magnitudes in restorations with various dental materials exhibited no significant difference among groups (O, MO, MOD, ONLAY).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.1435-1440
• /
• 2010

This paper presents encrypted secret code recording system which can insert an unique manufacture ID code after complete disc process. First, we detect a memory block synchronizing signal which is SYNC. by using FPGA, then, design a recording pattern to write Multi Pulse. Finally, a method that any data is recorded in any place in any data area of optical disc by using a FPGA was proposed. Newly proposed method in this paper that any user records user data in protected data areas on digital video optical discs, can be very useful for effective software copy protection, and can be applicable to encrypted record on high density DVD in near future.