• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.410-418
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 27GHz에서 전파환경별 경로손실을 측정하고, 각 수신지점에서 5분간 측정된 경로손실 데이터의 중앙값, 최대값, 최소값을 선형회귀 모델로 모델링하고 분석하였다. 측정 결과를 살펴볼 때, 밀리미터파 대역 가시경로의 경우에도 도심이나 부심 환경에서는 추가의 경로손실을 고려해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.1342-1350
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• 1999

A new design procedure for micro cellular coverage prediction is presented here on this paper, which contains a new propagation analysis algorithm based on processing of vector data representing roads and buildings which mainly affect the propagation phenomena in micro-cell environments. The propagation analysis algorithm presented here has been developed to aim at the practical application for micro-cellular systems such as PCS or CE-2. As all the vectors used here are of closed poly lines, i.e., polygons, a simplified ray path search technique can be developed not only to determine if the calculation points are on the road polygons and but also to calculate the amount of blockage by buildings. The result shows a capability of predicting path loss with an RMS error of 5dB or lower.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권11호
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• pp.2047-2053
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• 2008

Auto-ID industries and their services have been improved since decades ago, and radio frequency identification (RFID) has been contributing in many applications. Product management can be the foremost example. In our industrial experiences, RFID in ultra high frequency (UHF) band provides much longer interrogation ranges than that of 13.56MHz; many more applications exist thereby. There should be several interesting and useful ideas on UHF RFID; however, those ideas can be limited due to the inevitable environmental circumstances that restrict the interrogation range in shorten value. This paper discusses the propagation interference among different types of readers (e.g, mobile RFID readers in stationary reader zone) in dense-reader environment. In most cases, UHF RFIDs in Korea will be dependent on the UHF mobile RFIDs. In this sense, the UHF mobile users accidently move into the stationary reader's interrogation zone. This is serious problem. In this paper, we analyze propagation loss and propose the effective channel allocation scheme that can contribute developing less-invasive UHF RFID networks. The simulation and practical measurement process using the commercial CAD tools and measurement equipments are presented.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권10A호
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• pp.1014-1019
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 측정을 통해 지하철 터널환경에서 위성 DMB 상용주파수 대역인 2.65 GHz 신호의 전파특성을 분석하였다. 다양한 터널 구조에 따른 경로손실 특성을 분석하기 위해 직선터널과 곡선터널 및 직선, 곡선구간이 함께 존재하는 혼합터널 내에서 수신 전력을 측정하였다. 측정을 수행한 모든 터널의 가시영역 경로손실 지수-는 $1.31{\sim}2.19$로서, 실외 셀룰라 환경의 경로손실 지수$(3{\sim}4)$와 비교했을 때 터널의 가시영역은 신호의 감쇄가 매우 적은 채널환경임을 알 수 있었다. 직선터널과 곡률반경이 500m, 200m인 두 곡선터널 비가시 영역의 경로 손실 지수는 각각 1.94, 2.92, 4.34로서 곡률반경이 작을수록 경로손실이 급격하게 발생하는 현상을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편 혼합터널의 곡선구간에 대한 경로손실 지수는 5.88로서 동일한 곡률반경을 갖는 곡선터널의 경로손실 지수 4.34 보다 큰 값을 보였다. 이를 통해 터널 환경에서의 경로손실 지수는 곡률 반경뿐만 아니라 송신기와 비가시영역 사이에 존재하는 가시영역의 거리에도 영향을 받는다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.827-836
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• 2020

Measuring the diffraction loss for high frequencies, long distances, and large diffraction angles is difficult because of the high path loss. Securing a well-controlled environment to avoid reflected waves also makes long-range diffraction measurements challenging. Thus, the prediction of diffraction loss at millimeter-wave frequency bands relies on theoretical models, such as the knife-edge diffraction (KED) and geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD) models; however, these models produce different diffraction losses even under the same environment. Our observations revealed that the KED model underestimated the diffraction loss in a large Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction parameter environment. We collected power-delay profiles when millimeter waves propagated over a building rooftop at millimeter-wave frequency bands and calculated the diffraction losses from the measurements while eliminating the multipath effects. Comparisons between the measurements and the KED and GTD diffraction-loss models are shown. Based on the measurements, an approximation model is also proposed that provides a simple method for calculating the diffraction loss using geometrical parameters.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2008

무선 센서 네트워크의 응용범위가 늘어남에 따라 정확한 무선 채널의 정보를 필요로 한다. 실내 또는 실외의 무선 센서 네트워크의 경우 페이딩에 의한 다중 경로 전파가 문제를 일으키고 있다. 본 논문에서는 실내 2.4 GHz 채널에 대한 log-normal path loss 모델링을 살펴본다. 송신기와 수신기 사이의 거리를 1에서 30m까지 변화시키면서 수신 신호 강도 변화를 측정하고, 채널의 감쇄지수와 표준편차를 계산하였다. 계산한 모델의 패킷 수신율을 이용하여 무선 센서 채널을 연결 영역과 차단 영역으로 정의하고, 시뮬레이션과 실험 결과를 통해서 무선 채널의 특징을 비교하였다. 실험결과 실내에서의 연결 영역은 24m, 실외에서의 연결 영역은 14m로 측정되었다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2001

Whereas it is well known that microwave propagation around corners of urban area is estimated well by the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD), it is not clear how much depolarization occurs at a given receiver position and how much transmission through walls affects to total path loss. This paper presents the results of the ray tracing simulation to answer these questions. Simulations of microwave propagation around corners were performed for various line-of-sight (LOS) and out-of-sight(OOS) positions of a receiver, by summing the electrical fields of reflected, diffracted and transmitted rays coherently. Since height difference between transmitter and receiver, as well as ground plane, causes depolarization, the ray tracing simulation estimates the cross-polarization coupling. It was found that the cross-polarization coupling decreases as receiver moves away from transmitter. Another part of the study focused on the signal transmitted through building walls of the corner. It was found that the transmitted field is dominant at OOS region when the conductivity of the walls is low (for example, lower than 0.0l S/m). The simulation results of the ray tracing technique in this study agreed well with an experimental measurement around corners.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.575-584
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• 2020

Electromagnetic (EM) waves used to send signals under seawater are normally restricted to low frequencies (f) because of sudden exponential increases of attenuation (𝛼) at higher f. The mathematics of EM wave propagation in seawater demonstrate dependence on relative permeability (𝜇_r), relative permittivity (𝜀_r), conductivity (𝜎), and f of transmission. Estimation of 𝜀_r and 𝜎 based on the W. Ellison interpolation model was performed for averaged real-time data of temperature (T) and salinity (S) from 1955 to 2012 for all oceans with 41 088 latitude/longitude points and 101 depth points up to 5500 m. Estimation of parameters such as real and imaginary parts of 𝜀_r, 𝜀_r', 𝜀_r", 𝜎, loss tangent (tan 𝛿), propagation velocity (V_p), phase constant (𝛽), and α contributes to absorption loss (L_a) for seawater channels carried out by using normal distribution fit in the 3 GHz-40 GHz f range. We also estimated total path loss (L_PL) in seawater for given transmission power P_t and antenna (dipole) gain. MATLAB is the simulation tool used for analysis.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.911-921
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• 2012

In high-speed wireless communications, an analysis of the propagation characteristics is an important process. Information on the propagation characteristics suitable for each environment significantly helps in the design of mobile communications. This paper presents the analysis results of radio propagation characteristics in outdoor environments for a new mobile wireless system at 781 MHz. To avoid the interference of Korean DTV broadcasting, we measure the channel characteristics in urban, suburban, and rural areas on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, using a channel sounder and $4{\times}4$ antenna. The path loss (PL) measurement results differ from those of existing propagation models by more than 10 dB. To analyze the frequency characteristics for Korean propagation environments, we derive various propagation characteristic parameters: PL, delay spread, angular spread, and K-factor. Finally, we verify the validity of the measurement results by comparing them with the actual measurement results and 3D ray-tracing simulation results.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1031-1040
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• 2023

서로 다른 두 가지 실내 복도의 D2 건물과 E2 건물 2층에서 3, 6, 10, 17 GHz 주파수 대역에 대한 가시선(: Line of sight, LOS) 경로의 전파 특성을 측정 및 분석하였다. 송신 안테나를 고정한 상태에서 수신 안테나가 3 m에서 30 m까지 0.5 m 간격으로 측정한다. 두 실내 복도에 대한 분석은 기본 전송 손실, RMS(: Root mean square) 지연 확산 및 K-인자(: K-factor)를 적용하여 비교하였다. 기본 전송 손실은 FI(: Floating intercept) 경로 손실 모델의 손실 계수에서 D2 건물 보다 E2 건물의 실내 복도에서 더 높게 나타났다. 마찬가지로, 시간 영역에서 RMS 지연 확산이 E2 건물의 실내 복도에서 더 크다. 그러나 D2 건물의 실내 복도에서는 3, 6, 17 GHz 대역에서 더 높은 K-인자값을 나타냈고, 10 GHz 대역에서는 전파 전달도가 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 두 가지 실내 복도는 동일한 크기에도 불구하고 내부 구조와 재질이 다르기 때문에 전파 특성의 변화가 많다. 결과는 다양한 실내 환경에 대한 ITU-R 기고에 대한 측정 데이터를 제공한다.