• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.784-789
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• 2008

Mac-2BP is a ligand of the galectin family that has been suggested to affect tumor proliferation and metastasis formation. We assessed Mac-2BP expression at the transcriptional and translational levels to evaluate nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced Mac-2BP expression. A time kinetic analysis using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that NGF-induced Mac-2BP transcript levels were 4-5 times higher than in controls. Mac-2BP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immuno-fluorescence staining showed a 2-3-fold increase in intracellular and secreted Mac-2BP as a result of NGF stimulation. This increase was regulated by Akt activation and NF-${\kappa}B$ binding. p65 and p50-NF-${\kappa}B$ are major transcriptional factors in the Mac-2BP promoter region, and were shown to be regulated in accordance with the Akt activation states. Collectively, these results suggest that NGF induces Mac-2BP expression via the PI3K/Akt/NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2017

Aberrant hypermethylation of Wnt antagonists has been observed in gastric cancer. A number of studies have focused on the hypermethylation of a single Wnt antagonist and its role in regulating the activation of signaling. However, how the Wnt antagonists interacted to regulate the signaling pathway has not been reported. In the present study, we systematically investigated the methylation of some Wnt antagonist genes (SFRP2, SFRP4, SFRP5, DKK1, DKK2, and APC) and their regulatory role in carcinogenesis. We found that aberrant promoter methylation of SFRP2, SFRP4, DKK1, and DKK2 was significantly increased in gastric cancer. Moreover, concurrent hypermethylation of SFRP2 and DKK2 was observed in gastric cancer and this was significantly associated with increased expression of ${\beta}-catenin$, indicating that the joint inactivation of these two genes promoted the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Further analysis using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that DKK2 methylation was an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival, and the predictive value was markedly enhanced when the combined methylation status of SFRP2 and DKK2 was considered. In addition, the methylation level of SFRP4 and DKK2 was correlated with the patient's age and tumor differentiation, respectively. In conclusion, epigenetic silencing of Wnt antagonists was associated with gastric carcinogenesis, and concurrent hypermethylation of SFRP2 and DKK2 could be a potential marker for a prognosis of poor overall survival.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.202-210
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• 2011

Adipocyte differentiation is an ordered multistep process requiring the sequential activation of several groups of adipogenic transcription factors, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-$\alpha$ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-$\gamma$, and coactivators. In previous reports, we identified that replication factor C 140 (RFC140) protein played a critical role in regulating adipocyte differentiation as a coactivator. Here, we show expressional regulation of RFC140 and small RFC subunit, RFC38, following characterization of gene promoter of RFC140 and RFC38. In addition, RFC140 increases PPAR$\gamma$-mediated gene activation, resulting from direct protein-protein interaction of RFC140 and PPAR$\gamma$. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the regulated expression of RFC140 and RFC38 by specific adipocyte transcription factors is required for the adipocyte differentiation process.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2021

Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of transcription factors essential to the control of antiviral immune response, cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. IRF10 of zebrafish (Danio rerio) was negative regulation of the interferonΦ1 and 3 response in vitro. In this study, we analyze the induction of in vivo immune response activation from the IRF10 gene of zebrafish and the protective effect against VHSV. As the results, the group inoculated with IRF10 expression vectors, there was no expression of IFNΦ1, suggestion that IRF10 may function as a negative regulator of IRF3, which binds to the IFNΦ1 promoter. And other types of interferon genes (IFNΦ2-4) are thought to have been activated, inducing to the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine and Mx genes. As the results of challenge test performed at 14 days after inoculation of the expression vectors, the maximum survival rate [50% (1㎍ DNA) and 42.5% (10㎍ DNA)] for IRF10 group were recorded. Meanwhile, the survival rates of pcDNA3.1 and PBS as the control groups were 10% and 15%, respectively. This study suggests that the possibility that activation of IRF10 molecule could be exploited as a VHS control method.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2009

The chemopreventive effects of naringenin derived from citrus on tumor migration and the possible mechanisms involved in this protection were investigated in HT-1080 tumor cells. In this study, we found that naringenin reduced phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-enhanced matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 activation in a dose-dependant manner and further inhibited HT-1080 cell migration. In addition, naringenin suppressed PMA-enhanced expression of MMP-9 protein, mRNA and transcription activity levels through suppression of nuclear factor $\kappa$B (NF-$\kappa$B) activation and activator protein-1 (AP-1) translocation without changing tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 level. Therefore, our results suggested that the inhibitory effects of naringenin on MMP-9 activation, relation of tumor migration in vitro possibly involve mechanisms related to its ability to suppress PMA-enhanced MMP-9 gene and protein expression through NF-$\kappa$B activation and AP-1 translocation. Overall, naringenin may be a valuable anti-invasive drug candidate for cancer therapy.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.945-952
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• 2020

Hypoxia induces the expression of several genes through the activation of a master transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. This study shows that hypoxia strongly induced the expression of two carboxypeptidases (CP), CPA4 and CPE, in an HIF-1α-dependent manner. The hypoxic induction of CPA4 and CPE gene was accompanied by the recruitment of HIF-1α and upregulation in the active histone modification, H3K4me3, at their promoter regions. The hypoxic responsiveness of CPA4 and CPE genes was observed in human adipocytes, human adipose-derived stem cells, and human primary fibroblasts but not mouse primary adipocyte progenitor cells. CPA4 and CPE have been identified as secreted exopeptidases that degrade and process other secreted proteins and matrix proteins. This finding suggests that hypoxia changes the microenvironment of the obese hypoxic adipose tissue by inducing the expression of not only adipokines but also peptidases such as CPA4 and CPE.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.693-698
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• 2016

In this study, a tissue-specific GAL4/UAS activation tagging system was used for the characterization of genes which could induce lethality when ubiquitously expressed. A dominant mutant exhibiting stunted growth was isolated and named defective root development 1-D (drd1-D). The T-DNA tag was located within the promoter region of AtTX12, which is predicted to encode a truncated nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein, containing a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. The transcript levels of AtTX12 and defense-related genes were elevated in drd1-D, and the misexpression of AtTX12 recapitulated the drd1-D phenotypes. In the presence of ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1), a key transducer of signals triggered by TIR-type NLRs, a low-level of AtTX12 misexpression induced strong defective phenotypes including seedling lethality whereas, in the absence of EDS1, a high-level of AtTX12 misexpression induced weak growth defects like dwarfism, suggesting that AtTX12 might function mainly in an EDS1-dependent and partially in an EDS1-independent manner.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.29-29
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• 2003

Incompatible plant-pathogen interactions result in the rapid cell death response known as hypersensitive response (HR) and activation of host defense-related genes. To understand the molecular and cellular mechanism controlling defense response better, several approaches including isolation and characterization of novel genes, promoter analysis of those genes, protein-protein interaction analysis and reverse genetic approach etc. By using the yeast two-hybrid system a clone named Tsipl, Tsil -interacting protein 1, was isolated whose translation product apparently interacted with Tsil, an EREBP/AP2 type DNA binding protein. RNA gel blot analysis showed that the expression of Tsipl was increased by treatment with NaCl, ethylene, salicylic acid, or gibberellic acid. Transient expression analysis using a Tsipl::smGFP fusion gene in Arabidopsis protoplasts indicated that the Tsipl protein was targeted to the outer surface of chloroplasts. The targeted Tsipl::smGFP proteins were diffused to the cytoplasm of protoplasts in the presence of salicylic acid (SA) The PEG-mediated co-transfection analysis showed that Tsipl could interact with Tsil in the nucleus. These results suggest that Tsipl-Tsil interaction might serve to regulate defense-related gene expression. Basically the useful promoters are valuable tools for effective control of gene expression related to various developmental and environmental condition.(중략)

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.422-431
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• 2016

Plants utilize cytochrome P450, a large superfamily of heme-containing mono-oxygenases, in the synthesis of lignins, UV protectants, pigments, defense compounds, fatty acids, hormones, and signaling molecules. Despite the overwhelming assortment of rice P450 accession numbers in the database, their functional studies are lacking. So far, there is no evidence involving rice P450 in disease immunity. Most of our understanding has been based on other plant systems that are mostly dicot. In this study, we isolated the cytochrome P450 (OsCYP71) in rice, and screened the gene using gain-of-function technique. The full-length cDNA of OsCYP71 was constitutively overexpressed using the 35S promoter. We then explored the functions of OsCYP71 in the rice - Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae pathosystem. Using the gene expression assays, we demonstrate the interesting correlation of PR gene activation and the magnitude of resistance in P450-mediated immunity.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.403-410
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• 2001

Acceleration in integration density and speed performance of ULSI circuits require miniaturization of CMOS and interconnections as well as higher current density capabilities for transistors. A leading candidate to substitute Al-alloy is Cu, which has lower resistivity and higher melting point. So we can expect much higher electromigration resistance. In this paper, we are going to explain the major features of EM for MOCVD Cu according to variant conditions. We compared the life time and activation energy of MOCVD Cu with those of I-beam Cu and AA in the same conditions. The electromigration experiments were performed with Cu/Al/TiN multilayer. Experimental results shows that the deposition rate and electromigration characteristics of Cu thin film were improved by the Al interlayer.