• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.616-625
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• 2019

Health impact assessment is implemented within the Environmental impact assessment for the purpose of minimizing health damage by predicting the impact on human health following implementation of the development project. In health impact assessment, manual revision is required due to the lack of consistency in the method of estimating hazardous air pollutants emissions. This study estimated the emissions by calculating the emissions of hazardous air pollutants based on the actual industrial complex development cases and completed health impact assessments. As a result of risk assessment based on exposure concentration using CALPUFF model, the risk assessment results were different for each of the emission estimation methods, and manual improvement on the emission estimation method is needed.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.48-55
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• 2019

This study argued problems and improvement of export support system for SMEs in the uncertain world global trade environment with G2(US-China) risk. In SMEs export support system, The authorities needs stronger control tower to promote consistent export support policies. There is also another problem of repetitious work that export support system has been operated by individual project. In order to overcome these problems, first, the authorities set clearly organization to control various export support policies. Second, export support system needs the efficient operation based on long term road map. Third, the authorities defines clear roles and responsibilities of supporting units, and enhances cooperation between the different organizations. Finally, the system should arrange performance evaluation index and feedback system to build the desirable export support system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.177-177
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• 2023

The impacts of dams on transboundary flow are complex and challenging to project and manage, given the potential moderating influence of a broad range of anthropogenic and natural factors. This study presents a global meta-analysis of 168 studies that examines the effect magnitude of dams on downstream seasonal, annual flow, and hydrological extremes risk on 39 hotspot transboundary river basins. The study also evaluates the impact of 13 factors, such as climate, basin characteristics, dams' design and types, level of transboundary cooperation, and socioeconomic indicators, on the heterogeneity of outcomes. The findings reveal that moderators significantly influence the impact of dams on downstream flow, leading to considerable heterogeneity in outcomes. Transboundary cooperation emerges as the key factor that determines the severity of dams' effect on both dry and wet season's flows at a significance level of 0.01 to 0.05, respectively. Specifically, the presence of water-supply and irrigation dams has a significant (0.01) moderating effect on dry-season flow across basins with high transboundary cooperation. In contrast, for wet-season flow, the basin's vulnerability to climate extremes is associated with a large negative effect size. The various moderators have varying degrees of influence on the heterogeneity of outcomes, with the aridity index, population density, GDP, and risk level of hydro-political tension being the most significant factors for dry-season flow, and the risk level of hydro-political tension and basin vulnerability to climate extremes being the most significant for wet-season flow. The results suggest that transboundary cooperation is crucial for managing the impacts of dams on downstream flow, and that various other factors, such as climate, basin characteristics, and socioeconomic indicators, have significant moderating effects on the outcomes. Thus, context-specific approaches are necessary when predicting and managing the impacts of dams on transboundary flow.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.42-51
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• 2023

Freeze and burst water meter in winter causes many social costs, such as meter replacement cost, inability of water use, and secondary damage by freezing water. The government is making efforts to modernize local waterworks, and in particular, is promoting SWM(Smart Water Management) project nationwide. In this study suggests a new freeze risk notification information service based on the temperature by IoT sensor inside the water meter box rather than outside temperature. In addition, in order to overcome the quantitative and regional limitation of IoT temperature sensors installed nationwide, and AI based temperature prediction model was developed that predicts the temperature inside water meter boxes based on data acquired from IoT temperature sensors and other information. Through the prediction model optimization process, a nationwide water meter freezing risk information service was convinced.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.41-55
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• 2024

Purpose: This review explored the status of publications on intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant women in contemporary China. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycInfo databases were searched using the terms "IPV," "pregnant woman," "Chinese," and synonyms in English, along with related keywords for Chinese publications. All literature pertaining to IPV during pregnancy, conducted in China, and published between 1987 and September 2023 was included. Results: A total of 37 articles from 30 studies were selected. The prevalence of IPV during pregnancy ranged from 2.5% to 31.3%, with psychological violence being the most common form. Frequently identified risk factors included unintended pregnancy, poor family economic conditions, male partners engaging in health risk behaviors, poor employment status of women or their partners, low education levels among women, physical or mental health issues, strained couple relationships, and in-law conflicts. IPV during pregnancy primarily led to mental health problems for the victims and could result in adverse obstetric outcomes, as well as negative effects on the temperament and development of the offspring. Victims in China demonstrated a low willingness to seek help from professionals. Furthermore, relevant research in mainland China is scarce, with a limited number of studies and non-standardized research methodologies. Conclusion: Future research should investigate IPV in pregnancy from various perspectives, identify factors unique to IPV during pregnancy, and focus on high-risk groups. Considering the conditions in China, there is a pressing need to increase public awareness of IPV and to investigate interventions aimed at addressing this issue.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.263-272
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• 2012

Carbon dioxide, emitted by human activities since the industrial revolution, is regarded as a major contributor of global warming. There are many efforts to mitigate climate change, and carbon dioxide capture and geological storage (CCS) is recognized as one of key technologies because it can reduce carbon dioxide emissions from large point sources such as a power station or other industrial installation. The inclusion of CCS as clean development mechanism (CDM) project activities has been considered at UNFCCC as financial incentive mechanisms for those developing countries that may wish to deploy the CCS. Although the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the UNFCCC's Kyoto Protocol (CMP), at Cancun in December 2010, decided that CCS is eligible as CDM project activities, the issues identified in decision 2/CMP.5 should be addressed and resolved in a satisfactory manner. Major issues regarding modalities and procedure are 1) Site selection, 2) Monitoring, 3) Modeling, 4) Boundaries, 5) Seepage Measuring and Accounting, 6) Trans-Boundary Effects, 7) Accounting of Associated Project Emissions (Leakage), 8) Risk and Safety Assessment, and 9) Liability Under the CDM Scheme. The CMP, by its decision 7/CMP.6, invited Parties to submit their views to the secretariat of Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA), SBSTA prepared a draft modalities and procedure by exchanging views of Parties through workshop held in Abu Dhabi, UAE (September 2011). The 7th CMP (Durban, December 2011) finally adopted the modalities and procedures for CCS as CDM project activities (CMP[2011], Decision-/CMP.7). The inclusion of CCS as CDM project activities means that CCS is officially accredited as one of $CO_2$ reducing technologies in global carbon market. Consequently, it will affect relevant technologies and industry as well as law and policy in Korea and aboard countries. This paper presents a progress made on discussion and challenges regarding the issue, and aims to suggest some considerations to policy makers in Korea in order to demonstrate and deploy the CCS project in the near future. According to the adopted modalities and procedures for CCS as CDM project activities, it is possible to implement relevant CCS projects in Non-Annex I countries, including Korea, as long as legal and regulatory frameworks are established. Though Korea enacted 'Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth', the details are too inadequate to content the requirements of modalities and procedures for CCS as CDM project. Therefore, it is required not only to amend the existing laws related with capture, transport, and storage of $CO_2$ for paving the way of an prompt deployment of CCS CDM activities in Korea as a short-term approach, but also to establish the united framework as a long-term approach.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.94-106
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• 2012

In recent years, the risks and uncertainties associated with mixed used development in urban regeneration projects which have actively been implemented at home and abroad have been on the rise due to the uncertainties of the initial business plan, difficulty of financing, increase in total cost and schedule delay. To cope with rapid social and economic changes and optimize benefits, a risk-based configuration management process that considers life cycle is required, along with accurate planning in the early stage of the business. In addition, it is necessary to prepare measures that can respond to the evaluation and measurement of the configuration factors in relation to the business process. However, the focus of previous studies on configuration management in the field of construction was mainly on humanities and the sociological aspects such as organization, leadership, ideology and similar concepts. There has been limited research on the process and measurement and evaluation methods for configuration factors required in decision-making on the risks and changes that can occur in the actual project implementation phase. Accordingly, in this study, we defined risk-based configuration factors and developed a process and MECA/3DAM/CII methodology to measure and evaluate these factors so as to carry out systematic configuration management of mixed used development in urban regeneration projects.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.579-588
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• 2015

Recent climage changes have resulted in increases in rainfall intensity and flood frequency as well as the risk of flood damage due to typhoons during the summer season. Water-friendly facilities such as ecological parks and sports facilities have been established on floodplains of rivers since the river improvement project was implemented and increases in the flood levels of rivers due to typhoons can lead to direct flood damage to such facilities. To analyze the hydraulic influence of these water-friendly facilities on floodplains or to evaluate their stability, numerical analysis should be performed in advance. In addition, it is crucial to address the drying and wetting processes generated by water level fluctuations. This study uses a Nays2D model, which analyzes drying and wetting, to examine its applicability to simple terrain in which such fluctuations occur and to natural rivers in which drying occurs. The results of applying this model to sites of actual typhoon events are compared with values measured at water level observatories. Through this comparison, it is determined that values of coefficient of determination ($R^2$), mean absolute error (MAE), and root-mean-square error (RMSE) are 0.988, 0.208, and 0.239, respectively, thus showing a statistically high correlation. In addition, the results are used to calculate flood risk indices for evaluation of such risk for water-friendly facilities constructed on floodplains.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.37
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• pp.83-108
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• 2013

Since the end of the Cold War and rapid globalization and technical developments, terrorist groups actively involved in criminal activities. Also criminal entrepreneurs became a major financial revenue for these terrorists groups. This newly patternized activities among terrorist groups is now called as Crime-Terror Nexus" indicating the changing nature of terrorism, which means two traditionally separate phenomena, crime and terrorism, became more similar. This new pattern of terrorism is considered to create synergy for the criminal organizations and terrorist groups, scholars believe that it would become a significant threat to the security of world community in the near future. Although the phenomenon of this crime-terror nexus is significant and imminent threats, there is lack of studies investigation this new evolution of terrorism with empirical data. Moreover there is literally no studies exploring factors relevant to the Crime-Terror Nexus. Therefore, this current study aims to conduct explorative investigation of factors affecting the "Crime-Terror Nexus" with a world terrorism data, MAROB(the Minorities at Risk Organizational Behavior), which is developed by START and Minority at Risk project and contains information terrorist groups in Middle-East and Africa region. Considering the significance of this new terrorism patterns and the challenging nature of conducting empirical studies on this topic, this study has great contribution on the development in the field of criminal justice as well as terrorism.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was conducted as part of the national project to standardize stroke diagnosis in Korean medicine. In this study, we assessed what categories of stroke diagnosis these three most common risk factors of cerebro-vascular attack(CVA), hypertension(HTN), diabetes mellitus(DM) and hyperlipidemia(HL) fall into. Also we looked into stroke subtypes and its diagnosis in Korean medicine. Methods : 806 patients with acute stroke from 5 universities(Kyung-Hee University oriental medical center, Kyung-Hee University East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyungwon university Incheon oriental medical center, Kyungwon university Songpa oriental medical center and DongGuk university Ilsan oriental medical center) across the country were involved from April, 2007 til August, 2008. We had data of 482 patients to be analyzed and diagnosed by a Korean medicine training doctor and a professor. Results : All three major stroke risk factors were diagnosed as being dampness-phlegm pattern, but no significant difference was observed except in hyperlipidemia patients. Stroke subtypes such as hemorrhage and infarction showed no significant difference in this study. Conclusions : This study provides evidence that hyperlipidemia can be diagnosed as dampness-phlegm by Korean medicine. Further studies with various subtypes of stroke patients are required to prove solid evidence with other stroke risk factors.