• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.197-214
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• 2002

Electronic Commerce has already existed for over 20 years. The Bolero project initially had the support of TEDIS, and now is jointly financed by SWIFT(Society for World International Financial Telecommunications) which handles most of the electronic funds transfer for banks, and the Through Transport Mutual Assurance Association(the TT Club), a mutual insurance association most of whose members are drawn from the Multimodal transport industry or transport intermediaries. Bolero's mission is to provide guaranteed and secure delivery, in electronic form, of trade documentation, globally, based on a binding legal environment and common procedures, Bolero will also provide a platform for provision of neutral cross-industry services. TradeCard is a payment and settlement system that is an alternative to letters of credit. That is, TradeCard is a business-to-business e-commerce infrastructure that enables buyers and sellers to conduct and settle international trade transactions securely over the Internet. Paperless, payment-guaranteed international trade transactions - which eliminate the traditional letters of credit with electronic certifications - are widely considered the most difficult B2B transactions to conduct.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.384-399
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• 1996

The concept of parish nursing began in the late 1960s in the United States when increasing numbers of churches employed registered nurses (RNs) to provide holistic, preventive health care to the members of their congregations. Parish nursing role was developed in 1983 by Lutheran chaplain Granger Westberg, and provides care to a variety of church congregation of various denominations. The parish nurse functions as health educator, counselor, group facilitator, client advocate, and liaison to community resources. Since these activities are complementary to the population-focused practice of community health' CNSs, parish nurses either have a strong public health background or work directly with both baccalaureate-prepared public health nurses and CNSs. In a Midwest community in U.S.A., the Healthy People 2000(1991) objectives are being addressed in health ministries through a coalition between public health nurses and parish nurses. Parish nursing is in the beginning state in Korea and up untill now, there has been no research was conducted on concrete role of korean parish nurses. The main purpose of this study was to identify, classify and analyze activities of parish nurses. The other important objective of this study was to establish an effective approach and direction for parish nursing and provide a database for korean parish nursing model through analysis and' classification of the content of the nursing record which included nursing activities. This study was a descriptive survey research. The parish nurses were working in churches where the demonstration project developed on parish nursing. The study was done on all nursing records which were working in churches where the demonstration project developed on parish nursing. The study was done on all nursing records which were documented by parish nurses in three churches from March, 1995 to February, 1996. Namsan, Taegu Jeei and Nedang presbyterian churches in Taegu and Keimyung nursing college incooperated together for the parish nursing demonstration project. The data analysis procedure was as follows: First, a record analysis tool was developed and second, the data was collected, coded and analyzed, the classification for nursing activities was developed through a literature review, from which the basic analysis tool was produced and cotent validity review was also done. The classification of the activities of parish nurses showed 7 activitity categories. 7 activity categories consisted of visitation nursing, health check-ups, health education, referring, attending staff meetings, attending inservices and seminar, volunteers coordinating. The percentage of activities were as follows: Visitation nursing(A: 51.6%, B: 55%, C: 42.6%) Health check-ups(A: 13.5%, B: 12.1%, C: 22.3%) Health education(A: 13.5%, B: 13.2%, C: 18.2%) Referring(A: 1.4%, B: 4.2%, C: 2.4%) Attending staff meeting(A: 18.8%, B: 13.0%, C: 12.2%) Attending inservices and seminar(A: 1.5%, B: 2.2%, C: 2.1%) Volunteers coordinating(A: 0.3%, B: 0.4%, C: 0.0%) To establish and develope parish nursing delivery network in Korea, parish nurses role, activities and boundaries of practice should be continuously monitored and refined every 2 years. Also, It is needed to develope effective nursing recording system based on the need assessment research data of various congregation members. role, activities and boundaries of practice and arrangement of the working structure, continuing education, cooperation with community resources and structuring and organizing parish nursing delivery network. Also, It is needed to develope effective nursing recording system based on the need assessment research data of various congregation members.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.25-52
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to suggest major strategies and necessary new projects for the medium- and long-term development of the Korean Fisheries Outlook Project. To suggest the Korean Fisheries Outlook Center with the above purpose, this paper employs Analytic Hierarchy Process analysis based on surveys obtained by special groups related with the KFOP. The survey is broadly composed of two goals; the medium- and long-term development directions and setting up of new furtherance projects. Each goal has upper and lower strategies respectively. The first goal, the medium- and long-term development directions, has four factors as upper strategies. The upper strategies are composed of accuracy, efficiency, timeliness, and political effectiveness of the fisheries outlook information. In addition, each upper strategy has three lower strategies respectively. For example, accuracy of the fisheries outlook information includes strength of data collection function, strength of satellite photography function, and strength of data analysis function. The second goal, setting up of new furtherance projects, has three factors as upper strategies. The upper strategies consist of accuracy promotion of outlook information using high-technique, field expansion of outlook species, and strength of analyzing function on oversea fisheries information. Each upper strategy has three lower strategies respectively. For instant, accuracy promotion of outlook information using high-technique has strength of information analysis function covered from production to consumption, strength of satellite information function, and structure of forecasting model on demand and supply by outlook species. The above upper and lower strategies were analytically drawn out through insightful interviews with special groups such as officials of the government, presidents of the producer and distributor groups, and researchers of the Korea Maritime Institute and other research institutes. As a result of AHP analysis, first, priorities of upper strategies with the medium- and long-term development directions are analyzed as accuracy, timeliness, political effectiveness, and efficiency in order. Also, priorities of all lower strategies reflecting priorities of upper strategies are examined as includes strength of data collection function on the fisheries outlook information, delivery of rapid information on outlook products for all people interested, strength of data analysis function on fisheries outlook information, strength of consumption outlook function on fish products, and strength of early warning system for domestic fish products in order. Second, priorities of upper strategies with the setting up of new furtherance projects are analyzed as accuracy promotion of outlook information using high-technique, field expansion of outlook species, and strength of analysis function on oversea fisheries information in order. In addition, priorities of all lower strategies reflecting priorities of upper strategies are examined as building up of forecasting model on demand and supply by outlook species, strength of information analysis function covering all steps from production to consumption, expansion of consumption outlook for consumers, strength of movement analysis function of oversea farming industry, and outlook expansion of farming species.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.46
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• pp.29-60
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• 2010

The incentive and reasons to publish FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Design, Build and Operate Projects(DBO Form) are manifold. It is partly a response to the increasing need for sophisticated project delivery methods in both the public and private sectors and the already widespread use of the FIDIC Yellow Book with operation and maintenance obligations and partly a response to the challenge to decrease maintenance cost to a minimum by means of a new procurement route. As a result, FIDIC has developed a new model form to meet this market place requirement. On the other hand, FIDIC did not simply adapt the Yellow Book but has developed a new form from it, whilst preserving the style of the already known FIDIC Forms and maintaining the wording where it was not necessary to change it for the purposes of a DBO Form. Moreover DBO Form fills up supposed gaps in other FIDIC Forms and ameliorates the claim management and dispute management framework. FIDIC DBO approach may be shortly summarized as follows. First, DBO Form provides for single project responsibility. Second, DBO Form has the clear objective of ensuring the use of a most reliable and efficient technology at the lowest life-cycle cost. Third, DBO Form is intended to operate as an effective quality increase in the design and construction of projects. Fourth, DBO Form is intended to provide significant benefits with regard to system integration and reduction of risks. Fifth, DBO Form accelerates and enhances completion schedule compliance. Sixth, DBO takes care of all three supporting pillars of sustainability(including economical, environmental and social elements). DBO Form is obviously a good starting point for negotiations and the preparation of calls for tenders, thus saving the parties time and money. However, existing cultural and legal differences, particular local conditions and the particular needs of some branches of the industry may require the form to be adapted according to the particular needs of a project. And Civil law practitioners are strongly recommended to verify carefully the underlying legal concepts and background of each clause of the General Conditions in order to avoid unnecessary and sometimes unnatural changes and amendments being made. Note that when preparing the Particular Conditions ensure that terminology is consistent and that existing inherent concepts should not be ignored.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.377-391
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• 2022

The objective of this study is to understand the operational status of the support projects for childcare in daycare centers operated by the Support Centers for Childcare(SCC) during the COVID-19 pandemic and find ways to improve and develop the project operation. To this end, data were collected and analyzed through in-depth interviews from the 1st week to the 4th week of February 2022 with six childcare agents in charge of the support projects for childcare in daycare centers in the SCC located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. As a result of the study, it was found that the demand for diversification of project operation methods, expansion of non-face-to-face education, individual consulting, and small-scale education increased while operating the support projects for childcare in daycare centers in the SCC during the COVID-19 pandemic. Operational difficulties were found to be a lack of ability to use media, the burden of coping with unpredictable situations, and insufficient communication between daycare centers and childcare policy institutions. As for the support needs, it was found that it is necessary to employ computer specialists, establish an environment for activating online education, and provide an efficient work delivery system in emergencies.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.309-327
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• 2008

This research is a byproduct of a project initiated by a major airport in Korea. The airport aimed to enhance airside safety and weighed a few IT options that may strengthen its current safety practices. In order to satisfy requirements unique to the airport and to inherit existing legacy systems, a PCS-based mobile database system was proposed. We first discuss technical aspects of the system as well as design issues in mobile systems before we compare two specific alternatives for transactional service handoff. A simulation study comparing two types of coordination follows before we present a scheme that manages transaction processing and locating service in mobile environments. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the scheme from the perspectives of the airport in question along with other research issues.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.367-384
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• 2018

The consideration of constructability issues at the design stage can lead to improved construction performance with smooth project delivery and savings in time and money. Empirical studies demonstrate the value obtained by integrating construction knowledge with the building design process, and its benefits for owners, contractors and designers. However, it is still a challenge to implement the concept into current design practice. There is a need for a decision support tool to aid designers in reviewing their design constructability, deploying current technological tools, such as BIM. Such tools are beneficial at the conceptual design stage when there is a room to improve the design significantly with less incurred cost. This research investigates how current process- and object-oriented models can be used to assess design constructability. It proposes a BIM-based model using embedded information within the design environment to conduct the assessment. The modelling framework is demonstrated in four key parts; namely, the conceptual design model, the constructability assessment model, the assessment process model and the decision-making phase. Each is associated with a set of components and functions that contribute towards the targeted constructability assessment outcomes. The proposed framework is the first to combine a numerical assessment system and a rule-based system, allowing for both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The modelling framework and its implementation through a prototype are described in this paper. It is believed that this framework is the first to enable users to transfer their construction knowledge and experience directly into a design platform linked to BIM models. The assessment criteria can be customised by the users who can reflect their own constructability preferences into various specialised profiles that can be added to the constructability assessment model. It also allows for the integration of the assessment process with the design phase, facilitating the optimisation of constructability performance from the early design stage.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.36
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• pp.143-170
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• 2007

In order to analyze the distribution channel of marine products in Korea, this study shows SCM approach to redesign of the marine distribution channel with case study related to previous literatures. In view of the supply chain and the future impact of RFID on the marine SCM on the recognition of the importance of the seafood traceability system, this study also provides the possibility to accomplish effective SCM for integration of production, storage, transportation, delivery, and sale when RFID is used in the seafood distribution channel based on the expansion of awareness on the marine product traceability. The traceability system for seafood is considered as the distribution infrastructure established in RFID deployment. By introducing Lotte mart case, this case study also discusses the marine distribution structure in view of the supply chain, to present an effective foundation for supplying seafood throughout production, distribution, and consumption. This is achieved by introducing RFID in an ubiquitous environment, and suggesting far more efficient control planning throughout the seafood distribution channel in view of the expected effects resulting from the introduction. In addition, as the alternative of solving this situation, this study propose the supply chain in seafoods by comprehensive management in whole distribution channels. In the SCM in seafood perspectives, HACCP can take into account the whole seafood chain from the point of supply to the point of consumption when assessing hazards. As the contributions of this study, this study emphasizes the seafood industry first should require the establishment of the relevant infrastructure, for which the efforts of the government and demonstrative project participants are essential.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.384-389
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• 2005

The objective on this project is to develop a cooperative Field Robot (FR), by using a customize Open Control Platform (OCP) as design and development process. An OCP is a CORBA-based solution for networked control system, which facilitates the transitioning of control designs to embedded targets. In order to achieve the cooperation surveillance system, two FRs are distributed by navigation messages (GPS and sensor data) using CORBA event-channel communication, while graphical information from IR night vision camera is distributed using CORBA Asynchronous Method Invocation (AMI). The QoS features of AMI in the network are to provide the additional delivery method for distributing an IR camera Images will be evaluate in this experiment. In this paper also presents an empirical performance evaluation from the variable chunk sizes were compared with the number of clients and message latency, some of the measurement data's are summarized in the following paragraph. In the AMI buffers size measurement, when the chuck sizes were change, the message latency is significantly change according to it frame size. The smaller frame size between 256 bytes to 512 bytes is more efficient fur the message size below 2Mbytes, but it average performance in the large of message size a bigger frame size is more efficient. For the several destination, the same experiment using 512 bytes to 2 Mbytes frame with 2 to 5 destinations are presented. For the message size bigger than 2Mbytes, the AMI are still able to meet requirement far more than 5 clients simultaneously.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.146-159
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study is to measure the Korean health literacy level and to analyse its gaps according to the factors of socioeconomic and health status and health behaviors. Based on this, policy implications were reviewed to improve the understandability on health information and to reduce the gap among socioeconomic groups. Methods: HLS-EU-Q47, a tool developed by the European Health Literacy Project, was used to conduct a face-to-face interview survey on the health literacy for the samples from general population. Results: The public general health literacy (HL) index was 34.5 out of 50. HL is consisted of three sub-dimensions: healthcare (HC-HL), disease prevention (DP-HL), and health promotion (HP-HL). And a HL analysis found scores of 34.7 points for HC-HL, 35.4 points for DP-HL, and 33.3 points for HP-HL. The level of all HL was different according to socioeconomic characteristics and health behavior. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, more research activities on health-related literacy need to be conducted, and monitoring system on the HL level needs to be developed and implemented. In addition, a program to improve HL levels needs to be developed in order to strengthen the basis for a more sustainable healthcare system as an agenda with national health policy priority.