• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2021

The productivity of rebar-work and form-work was analyzed with data collected from an actual high-rise construction project, and the actual utilization rates of three tower cranes were also investigated. It was found that the average productivity of the form-work increased from 12.00~8.71(㎡/man·day) in the underground and above-ground/lower-floor to 11.94~20.73(㎡/man·day) in the standard floor. Comparing the productivity of core area to outer, the former was found to be about 11% higher. Moreover, the rebar-work productivity of the outer area(1.12 ton/man·day) was approximately 9.6% higher than that of the core area for the standard floor. The average utilization rates of three TC were surveyed to be about 63.49%, and it was revealed that rainy weather(6.1%), strong winds(6.1%), holidays(17.8%), TC lifting work(5.8%), and other failures and repairs(0.07%) were the causes of non-operation. These research results are expected to be beneficial data in planning and managing the process of high-rise RC construction works in the future.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.23-29
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• 2011

The oxidation slag has been widely used in civil engineering project, whereas the reduced slag from electric furnace has yet to be applied. Consequently in order to find out the recycling method in civil engineering field, the mineral compositions of the reduced slag were analyzed and some tests on water quality were performed to estimate the potential release of toxic compounds. Slag-soil mixtures of 0, 10, 20 and 30%(dry weight) soil were prepared in lysimeter columns and the effluents were collected with the period of one, two and four week options in closed system, respectively. The result from qualitative and quantitative analysis using X-ray Diffraction(XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence(XRF) indicates that the main mineral of the reduced slag is $Ca_2(SiO_4)$, a kind of calcium silicate. Also, the leaching medium analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy(ICP-OES) showed that main heavy metals such as Al, Fe and Mn are included in the reduced slag due to the effect of steel production process. It can be seen that the leachate does not violate the regulation guide line of waste material of heavy metal. Also the pH levels were increased from pH 6.9 for 0% soil to pH 10 for 30% soil. However the influence on leachate circulation period of one through four weeks was negligible.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.137-161
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• 2012

Traditionally, caring for young children and the elderly has been largely assumed and practiced intensively within the family in Korea. The Korean government established residual protection systems for the elderly as well as children whose needs could not be met by their family members alone. However, in the 21st century, a number of social forces have made it necessary to expand the state's intervention in the care provisions. The primary forces include the ageing process, low fertility, change in the women's labour market participation, changes in the family formation and dissolution, and changes in the people's perceptions of familial responsibilities regarding caring for other family members. This paper employs and further develops the idea of the care diamond conceived by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Project in relation to the political and social economy of care and applies it to Korea's social care expansions. The analysis demonstrates that the roles of the public and the market sector, in case of child care, increased while those of the third sector decreased. Apropos of the elderly care, the role of the market expanded dramatically, followed by that of and the state and the third sector. Nonetheless, it is important to note that the fundamental characteristics of Korea's care provision for children and the elderly have remained unchanged and even strengthened where the elderly care is concerned. The bulk of personal care demand is still met within the family, particularly by female members of the household.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.57
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• pp.31-55
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• 2018

Professor Dowon (道原) Lew, Seung-Kook (柳承國: 1923~2011) was a master of Eastern philosophy in Korea, in the 20th century. 'Confucianism' was the root of his discipline. Nevertheless he studied extensively throughout Eastern philosophy. He was also a pioneer of 'Korean Philosophy', who devoted himself to 'establishing the original form (原型) of Korean thought'. Professor Lew showed a unique view on how Confucian thought was formed. He has done many years of precise comparative analysis of the results of archaeological studies before 1970, particularly the study of bone-and-shell inions, and what was said in previous literature. As a result, he concluded that "we cannot discuss the origins of Confucian thought by separating the relationship with the Dongyi tribe". Confucianism was formed in relation to Dongyi. The purpose of his attention to the Dongyi tribe - RenFang tribe (人方族) was not to examine Dongyi tribe and its culture. His purpose was to examine how Confucian thought was formed and to examine the relevance of Dongyi tribe in this process. This was in conjunction with the task of exploring 'the original form of Korean thought', whether he pretended or not. Professor Lew, Seung-Kook's theory differed not only from the conventional view of the academic world in his time but also from the conventional view up to now. It is a pity that it was not yet discussed it in the academic world. I consider that it is necessary to seriously review Professor Lew and Seung-Kook's theory at this point when China has outlined the Northeast project (東北工程).

• MARITIME LAW REVIEW
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.115-144
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• 2017

The impact of the global financial crisis, which began in the United States in 2007, had a major impact on the domestic shipping and shipbuilding industries. In this regard, the domestic shipyard has established an order-taking strategy in several ways as an alternative to lowering the amount of construction of commercial vessels due to deterioration of the shipping industry, and selected industrial sector was the offshore plant sector. However, the domestic shipyard has under performed the offshore plant in order to just increase sales and secure work without any risk analysis for EPC contracts. As a result, the shipyard has been charged more than the initial contract price with the offshore plant contractor, or the shipyard has become a legal issue requiring payment of liquidated damages due to delays in delivery of the product. The main legal disputes are caused by the thorough risk analysis and the inexperience of process control that can occur during offshore plant construction. and In particular, there is no sufficient review of the unequivocal provisions in the contract as an element of risk management. There is no human resource to review these contractual clauses. Therefore, this study identifies the existence of specific risks that could lead to delays in offshore plant construction, and examined the existence of any unequivocal clauses in contracts for offshore plant construction. and also discussed how the toxic clause applies to the actual parties and how the concrete risk factors in the construction contracts are transferred and expressed by referring to the interviews with the project manager of the domestic shipyard and the previous research. As a result, This paper examined the legal liability of the contracting parties regarding delayed delivery of the products due to the offshore plant construction contract. And to improve the domestic shipbuilding industry.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.430-440
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• 2020

The application contents, process, and its limitations are discussed for the setting of Korean legal guides & criteria for water cycle and ecological condition in development project of land use by thorough comparison and examination of prerequisites and credits of water cycle and soil+vegetation by USA's SITES (Sustainable Sites Initiative). In the case of SITES, due to the implementation procedure operated as a non-governmental independent assessment system by Green Business Certification, Inc, the natural condition of water cycle and soil-vegetation items-the key element of ecosystem services can be quantitatively assessed, well along with its legal and institutional guidelines and regulations. On the other hand, in the case of Korea, as a part of the national certification procedure for green building, the ecological area ratio system still have very limited role as an only amenity resource in the creation of artificial green spaces and insufficiency of management system for rain water. In conclusion, it was understood as an urgent situation in necessary for prompt establishment of site's sustainability certification system at the national level, based on management of water circulation and natural soil & vegetation in developed area with consideration of various land uses and types of development projects.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.515-523
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• 2020

If the safety factor does not secure the safety factor suggested in the design standard at the slope design stage, the safety factor is secured by installing an anchor. Stability analysis is used to verify the effect of reinforcing the slope of the anchor, but in this process, most of the anchor construction intervals are assumed to be equal and analyzed. For economical and effective slope reinforcement, stability analysis is required by adjusting the anchor construction interval. In this study, the effect of the anchor construction interval on the change of the safety factor of the slope was identified. Stability analysis was performed by setting a virtual slope with two berms and different anchor construction intervals. As a result of the analysis, the stability of the slope is secured when the anchor spacing of the lower surface is narrowed and the anchor gaps of the upper and middle surfaces are wider than when anchors are installed at the same intervals on the upper, middle, and lower surfaces of the slope. The result was a 15% reduction in the amount of anchors. This means that, rather than reinforcing anchors at the same intervals, it is economical and effective to have an economical and effective reinforcement effect to vary the anchor construction intervals according to the slope characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.268-277
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• 2020

This study emphasizes that the survival strategy of universities should be a co-evolution strategy based on ecological thinking. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to present a theoretical framework for dividing the university innovation ecosystem into four stages and building a co-evolution strategy for each step, as universities play a prominent role in regional innovation ecosystems. Thus, our research method focused on literature research, and the theoretical framework for the university innovation ecosystem used Moore's Enterprise Ecosystem Model (1996). The university's ecological innovation strategy is divided into four stages of development, and a step-by-step co-evolution strategy is presented. Findings are summarized as follows. The pioneering stage involves the creation of values of the university-led innovation ecosystem. The expansion stage focuses on the establishment of critical mass. The authority stage covers maintaining authority and bargaining power. The renewal stage features continuous performance improvement. In particular, this theoretical model of the university-regional innovation ecosystem is meaningful in that it provides a theoretical basis for enhancing the effectiveness of government financial support projects, and for individual universities, it provides a framework for strategies suitable for their ecosystem building process.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.216-227
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• 2022

The MPEG-I (Immersive) group is working on a standardization project for immersive video that provides 6 degrees of freedom (6DoF). The MPEG Immersion Video (MIV) standard technology is intended to provide limited 6DoF based on depth map-based image rendering (DIBR) technique. Many efficient coding methods have been suggested for MIV, but efficient transmission strategies have received little attention in MPEG-I. This paper proposes group-based adaptive rendering method for immersive video streaming. Each group can be transmitted independently using group-based encoding, enabling adaptive transmission depending on the user's viewport. In the rendering process, the proposed method derives weights of group for view synthesis and allocate high quality bitstream according to a given viewport. The proposed method is implemented through the Test Model for Immersive Video (TMIV) test model. The proposed method demonstrates 17.0% Bjontegaard-delta rate (BD-rate) savings on the peak signalto-noise ratio (PSNR) and 14.6% on the Immersive Video PSNR(IV-PSNR) in terms of various end-to-end evaluation metrics in the experiment.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.280-298
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• 2021

As the development automated vehicles(AV) actively progresses around the world, the demand for a reasonable and systematic evaluation method for AVs is increasing. Research on scenarios, evaluation procedures, and methods for evaluating AVs conducted in simulations and proving ground(PG) is actively conducted internationally. In contrast, methods and procedures for evaluations on real roads are still in their infancy internationally. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on evaluating AVs on real roads in preparation for future use of AVs. This study aims to define the basic direction for evaluating the driving safety of AVs on real roads. To this end, the evaluation direction and process of AVs were presented on the real roads, and qualitative and quantitative evaluation indicators were selected to evaluate driving safety. A total of 38 items were selected based on the Road Traffic Act as qualitative evaluation items for evaluating the driving safety of AVs on real roads.