• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.481-495
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• 2022

This study was designed to identify the actual state of naturalized plants and invasive alien species that cause disturbances to the ecosystem, plants which are introduced after forest restoration, and explore the implications resulting from the project. Onsite examination included 29 sites which have been subjected to forest restoration by the Korea Forest Service. Once these were chosen, activity took place twice a year in the spring (May-June) and in the summer (August-September) in 2020 and 2021. Areas not relevant to the project sites were excluded from this activity so that we could identify the plants that could be understood to have been introduced or brought into the site after the actual forest restoration. And the correlation was analyzed, between the naturalized flora within the project sites and the working types applied to the site through confirmation of completion of the restoration project. The naturalized plants appearing on the entire site cover a total of 109 taxa, which includes 29 families, 80 genera, 108 species and 1 subspecies, while invasive plants included 3 families, 7 genera and 8 species. The number of classifications and the naturalization rate gradually decreased over time, after the project. While there was no significant difference between the number of classification groups and the naturalization rate for naturalized plants between project sites, given the number of taxa of naturalized plants, organized by type of damage, there were relatively more naturalized plants that appeared in the severed section of the Baekdudaegan Mountain Range, as well as at quarry and facility sites. Seeding apparently results in naturalization rates as high as 15.545%, on average, based on comparisons of naturalization rates by sowing, seeding, planting, herb planting, and sod pitching channels, all of these being methods of vegetation for planting/greening of bareland and slopes within the project areas. With no seeding, it was 9.167%, higher than the average. As for other vegetation, there was no significant difference depending on application of the working type. This means that unlike the plants subjected to planting, the working type of seed planting which makes it difficult to identify whether a certain plant is a naturalized plant greatly affects the introduction of naturalized plants to the restoration sites, even when using herb planting and sod pitching to control plants and results. Therefore the study suggests that there be inspection by experts of seeds when sowing within restoration sites. The results of this study suggest good practices that will help to direct effective vegetation restoration and follow-up management.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.449-464
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• 2022

This study reviewed the development process of the consultation guideline for the environmental assessment of offshore wind power. Based on this, implications and improvement plans for a future revision of the guidelines. Domestic and foreign case studies reviewed the consulting cases on domestic offshore wind power development projects, environmental location consulting cases, and guidelines related to overseas offshore wind power and analyzed location characteristics and significant environmental issues by project. Major environmental issues related to offshore wind power include birds, noise and vibration, marine animals and plants, marine physics, marine water quality and sediments, marine landscapes, and other auxiliary facilities installed on land. Implications and improvements for revising the consultation guidelines for evaluating offshore wind environments require data and clear guidelines at the central government level to determine areas where offshore wind projects can be located. In a situation where the importance of cumulative impact assessment is emphasized, guidelines for cumulative impact assessment methodologies for each item that reflect the domestic situation should be prepared for a cumulative impact assessment on offshore wind power environmental issues. In addition, when revising the consultation guidelines, empirical research cases should be reflected through the accumulation of environmental surveys and monitoring data of offshore wind farms by sea area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.38-49
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• 2021

The maintenance project of the Jeonglimsa temple site started with the objective of restoring the original structure of the temple, however, it was gradually transitioned to a landscaping maintenance project over time that constructs a landscape of the temple area. With paying attention to these facts, this study summarized the characteristics of cultural heritage landscaping of the Jeonglimsa temple site as follows. First, Cultural heritage landscaping is a landscaping act that creates, maintains, and manages landscapes within the spatial scope of the cultural heritage designated under the Cultural Heritage Protection Act and the cultural heritage protection area established around it. It is a work that includes protection and maintenance of the excavated remains, spaces by each function and plans for moving lines, Installation of structures to protect cultural properties, adoption of the facilities and structures for convenience of visitors, and construction of vegetation landscape. Second, the cultural heritage landscaping of the Jeonglimsa temple site has been developed in 5 periods, and these include 'the period of historical site investigation' that the temple name was identified through the designation of cultural assets and excavation investigation by the Japanese rule, 'the construction period of Baekje Tower Park' after the liberation from the Japanese rule, 'the period of Baekje Cultural Area Development Project' designated as a historical site, 'the period of the Comprehensive Development Project for a Specific Area of Baekje Culture',which was proceeded with the establishment of the park and museum instead of restoring the temple building due to the difficulty in gathering the pieces of historical evidence, and 'the period of the Jeonglimsa temple site restoring project', which was designated as a World Heritage Site while restoring the buildings deployment in the Buddhist temple at the time of foundation era of Baekje Dynasty. Third, this study verified the landscape changes of the Jeonglimsa temple site that have been transitioned, for instance, the creation of a commemorative park linked to the outer garden of Buyeo Shrine, the implementation of urban planning of the Japanese colonial era, the creation of a protective environment for the excavated historical structures and temple area, the restoration of building deployment in the Buddhist temple, and the sincerity restoration and utilization of cultural assets. Fourth, the landscape of Jeongnimsa temple site is determined by the subject and scope of cultural property designation, land use, movement lines and pavement, repairing methods of remains, structures, facilities, and vegetation. The characteristics of the cultural heritage landscape of Jeongnimsa Temple were derived, such as creating a procedural landscape considering the expansion of the cultural heritage designation scope, securing authenticity by maintaining relics in consideration of reversibility, creating a vegetative landscape suitable for historical and cultural landscapes, and enhancing the value of cultural heritage enjoyment by providing an open space.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.960-963
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• 2010

In recent days, the development project for industry or housing complex at west coast of Korea is on an increasing trend. the design of soft ground is necessarily required. So, the evaluation of consolidation characteristics for soft ground is very important in design and construction. Especially, the correct evaluation of preconsolidation pressure or OCR for given soft ground is essential at the west coast that has a large tidal range, since it affects the settlement of soft ground. In this study, various methods determining preconsolidation pressure were carried out to investigate the application of each method. The preconsolidation pressure that evaluated from the results of conventional consolidation tests on the songsan clay were compared.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.10c
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• pp.241-243
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• 2005

This paper describes development of intelligent solid insulated switchgear for next generation distribution line. Nowadays, for switchgear, increased to substitute eco-friendly environment and smart ability. In relation to a project to development of intelligent solid insulated switchgear, a comparison of insulation for substitution insulation medium, to show a composition of intelligent solid Insulated switchgear and valuation on characteristics for each of module.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.95-106
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• 2018

Currently, the way of providing housing in Korea has been regarded as public rental housing through large-scale development by the government. However, there is an increasing need for qualitative growth not only in quantitative growth but also in policies, systems, and sustainable design. The purpose of this study is to explore the applicable methods for domestic social housing through the policy and design guideline study of UK social housing which has achieved qualitative growth through diversification of development subject. First, the concept of social housing in the UK and sustainable housing design elements will be examined. Second, the characteristics and policy direction, project background, management and sustainability of five social housing projects over the last 10 years in the UK will be analyzed. In conclusion, in order to achieve the sustainable design of social housing, the construction of the social housing in terms of policy and environment must include safe and eco-friendly design adaptability that can secure local identity and respond flexibly to social change. In addition, the social housing in the UK, which forms a sustainable complex through cooperation between the public and the private sector based on its place and history, can be a guideline for establishing policies and design guidelines in terms of urban regeneration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2014

Manufacturing industry is one of the core sectors providing national competitiveness and economical impact Today's manufacturing industry is required to fulfill so called Sustainable Factory paradigm from the perspectives of environmental and social development. To cope with the requirements, researches for achieving sustainability in manufacturing system are actively carried out in the world from various perspectives. In this paper, we analyzed systemic characteristics of sustainable manufacturing system, and developed verification & validation strategy based on traceability between system requirement and functionality. The developed methods were applied to a European Project called the Foundation for the Sustainable Factory of the Future (FoFdation). Specifically, we analyzed and verified the deliverables of FoFdation by deriving systems architecture in terms of Component, Function, and Items. The results indicated that the FoFdation is pretty much compliant with the concept of Ubiquitous Factory, and can be used as an International Reference Model for the Smart Factoy, a world wide hot topic under the paradigm of IOT (Internet-Of-Things), if information processing part is supplemented.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.7 s.85
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• pp.17-33
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• 2005

Highway design speed is a very important design element which determines highway design level. When determining highway design speed, one would estimate it utilizing the most likelihood of design speed and vehicle operating speed relationship. Existing operating speed prediction models only include highway geometric characteristics and their impacts on speed, which usually can not consider the impact of highway design speed on surrounding roadway environment and land use pattern. If this happens, excessive highway construction cost and huge environmental impact can occur. In this research project, a new vehicle operating speed prediction model was developed which can reflect the effect of surrounding roadway environment into vehicle speed prediction. The followings are the research findings : Firstly, highway terrain types and land use pattern on national roads were classified and integrated into drivers' visual recognition pattern. This was performed using a data management software. Secondly, the developed highway terrain types and land use pattern were related to vehicle speeds and it was found that there were significant statistical differences among vehicle speed for each different terrain and land use pattern. Thirdly. the General Linear Model analysis was employed to analyze the effects of highway geometric features, terrain types, and land use patterns. For two-lane highway and four-lane highway tested in this research project, it was found that R squares were 0.67 and 0.85, respectively. Additionally an optimal highway design speed range table, based on this research project. was proposed for practical use. This table can be reliably used on South Korean national road design, but discretion is required for applying this table to other types of highways including provincial roads and municipal roads.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2017

This study identified a candidate area and route for construction of a hub & spork system for coastal passenger ships. For this purpose, the characteristics of the hierarchy structure of other transportation and the operating system of coastal passenger ships were analyzed. Evaluation factors for selecting alternative areas and routes for the construction project were then extracted. Secondly, the relative importance of these evaluation factors for alternative routes were calculated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Finally, the importance of these evaluation items and quality of the alternative areas and routes were considered to select a primary candidate area and route. Therefore, four evaluation items such as the number of passenger-ship routes, the number of passengers, the number of cars, and the number of residences were extracted, and the Mokpo area was selected as the target area. In addition, four evaluation items such as he number of islanders, the number of local governments, geographical conditions and passenger ship operators were extracted, and the Yeonggwang route was selected as priority candidates for this construction project. Meanwhile, for the expansive implementation, step-by-step promotion is needed along with the expansion of terminal facilities, the securing of large ships, and the introduction of a semi-public system for coastal passenger ships.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.301-305
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• 2010

Cutting procedures where qualities are determined by various demand factors largely influences shipbuilding productivity. Particularly, defects in cutting shapes and cutting surface results in delay for post shipbuilding stages such as in welding and assemblage lines which could become factors for reduced economic viability of the project. Existing cutting procedures utilize fossil fuels such as propane or ethylene as the main fuel component and these methods applied particularly to ship plate cutting gives relatively slow cutting speed and generates large quantities of harmful and sometimes poisonous polluting fumes of which warrants an urgent need to look for alternative cutting methods. Recent introduction of hydrox gas generated by electrically dissociating water into hydrogen and oxygen components to be utilize as an alternative cutting fuel has resulted not just in visible improvement on cutting quality and speed over the existing methods but it has also been welcomed as an environmentally friendly clean fuel source. This paper has been prepared to serve as the basis for accommodating this environmentally friendly hydrox gas cutting method into actual working environment by observing and recording hydrox gas cutting thermal characteristics.