• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.281-291
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• 2012

In this study, WET (whole effluent toxicity) test with Skeletonema costatum, Tigriopus japonicus and Paralichthys olivaceus and ERA (environmental risk assessment) were conducted to assess the unacceptable effect on marine ecosystem by emitting the treated discharge water from 'ARA Plasma BWTS' BWMS (ballast water management system) using filtration, Plasma and MPUV module. 34 psu treated discharge water from ARA Plasma BWTS shown slight chronic toxicity effect on the P. olivaceus ($7d-LC_{50}{\Rightarrow}100.00%$ treated discharge water, $7d-LC_{25}{\Rightarrow}85.15%$ treated discharge water). Bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene in 34 psu treated discharge water from ARA Plasma BWTS were higher than in the background original content of seawater. The PECs (predictive environmental concentrations) of bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene calculated by MAMPEC (marine antifoulant model to predict environmental concentrations) program (ver. 3.0) were 3.34E-03, 2.10E-03 and 1.73E-03 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, respectively and PNECs (predicted no effect concentrations) of them were 1.6, 0.5 and 1.9 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$. The PEC/PNEC ratio of bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene did not exceed one and 3 substances did not consider as persistence, bioaccumulative and toxic. Therefore, it was suggested that treated discharge water from ARA Plasma BWTS did not pose unacceptable effect on marine ecosystem.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.19-33
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to derive education programs for safety training class, create unit spaces and present components and methods of utilizing the spaces for the development of facilities models closely related to various policy, operation plan and facility construction projects promoted by related institutions such as the Ministry of Education, schools, architects and companies. This study is divided into five steps. First, we reviewed the literature related basic directions for safety education and facility plan, second, field survey included both field conditions such as spatial size and facility configuration and analysis of operating conditions like hours of operation and personnel. Base on literature review and field survey, it were used to analyze strengths and weaknesses of existing safety training classes, and five facility models was developed based on the Delphi method and expert participatory design. The result show that the facility models (drafts) of safety training class were developed as follows: (1)the facility model for traffic safety(pedestrian safety, vehicle safety, subway safety) (2)the facility model for first aid(emergency rescue, how to report) (3)the facility model for disaster safety(fire evacuation safety, life earthquake safety) (4)the facility model for elevator safety(elevator safety, escalator safety) (5)the facility model for drugs and violence safety (smoking drinking, sexual harassment safety, food safety) The safety training class can be composed by combining or separating each module according to affordable space size of each school.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2016

Purpose - Recently on-the-job training (OJT) has become the most preferred training and development method with the emergence of the concept that workplace is the best place where learning take place. But many researchers argue that OJT is not helpful for the performance of organization because OJT is not systematic and mostly depend on quality of trainer. Since Jacobs & McGriffin introduced S-OJT (structured OJT), there has been plenty of researches. But most of the researches have focused mainly on employee's attitude and organizational performance caused by S-OJT and neglected a holistic approach of S-OJT as a system. S-OJT need to be analyzed comprehensively to understand training performance because S-OJT is operated as a system consist of input, process, and organizational context. Although S-OJT may create unintended consequences, there were few researches to explore them. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the critical success factors for S-OJT and to find unintended consequences of it. Research design, data and methodology - We conducted a case study on M business unit of A company which developed and has been implementing S-OJT program for years. We designed and prepared the process, collected and analyzed data for the study. We set the theoretical framework to analyze the case after reviewing theories and previous studies on S-OJT. We collected and analyzed internal reports and interview results of the employees of the M business unit. We tried to collect as many information as possible to secure the validity of the research results. Results - The critical success factors identified in the study are as follow. First, it is important to select and train proper trainers for S-OJT. Second, it is needed to develop structured training module. Third, organization have to use effective communication system like on-line community. Forth, trainer should have proper skills for training such as facilitating skill, coaching skill, and delivering skill etc. Fifth, proper learning place is needed. Sixth, organizational support is important especially, immediate supervisor support and concern is critical. Eleventh, it is needed to consider situational contexts. Among them, overload to the trainer will affect the effectiveness of S-OJT. In this study, we found an additional unintended consequence. "To teach is the best way to learn." Experience as a trainer give employee an opportunity to organize one's knowledge and skill and to attain facilitation skill, coaching skill, and relation skill. Thus, organization may use S-OJT to train the potential talent. Conclusions - Many organizations introduced S-OJT to train the newcomers because S-OJT drew attention as an important tool to develop employees. Following this trend, there has been increasing number of researches to find the results of S-OJT and identify the determinants of S-OJT success. However, most of the researches concentrated on finding effects of some factors neglecting holistic approach. This study tried to identify critical success factors affecting effectiveness of S-OJT by using case study and find additional unintended consequence. The results of the study will be useful for organizations which have a plan to adopt S-OJT.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.144-154
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• 2003

Recently, in the academic disciplines critical thinking has been emphasized as the new evolution in education. Problem-based learning is suggested as the evolutionary learning method in developing critical thinking. In the nursing education, PBL is offered as an appropriate teaching method to prepare nurse student for professional. PBL is a student-centered learning strategy aimed at developing critical thinking, motivating self-directed study and attaining autonomy. The purpose of this study was to develop the communication curriculum of nursing education based on PBL and implementing of it. PBL module was developed focused on five communication situations. And learning strategies to facilitate the learning process and the guided questions to stimulate student inquiry were also developed. This PBL education was conducted for six students in the master's course during the 14 weeks from March, 2000 to June, 2000. The outcomes of the PBL education were examined based on the content analysis of the students reflective journal. As a result, it was found that students experienced the effect of it focused on self-oriented, group-oriented, and practice-oriented domain. In the self-oriented domain, the findings indicate that there were 5 kinds of concepts including 'motivation for self-directed study', 'transition toward certainty in knowledge acquisition', 'attempt to apply their prior knowledge into new situation', 'enhancement of self-image in real situation', 'self-growth with self reflection'. In the group-oriented domain, there were 3 kinds of concepts including 'cognitive work in group', 'perception of co-responsibility in attaining learning objectives', 'socialization with group members'. In the practice-oriented domain, there were 3 kinds of concepts including 'linkage theoretical knowledge with real situation', 'attempt to apply in real situation', 'development problem solving skill in real situation'. In conclusion, PBL had a significant effect on self, group, and clinical domain. And assessing PBL outcomes is challenging because standardized instrument do not develop yet. So the findings of this study can suggest the basic data for examining the PBL outcome.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.485-495
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• 2000

The parallel computer system that uses parallel program on the application such as a large scale business or complex operation is required. One of crucial operation of parallel computer system is synchronization. A representative method of synchronization is barrier synchronization. A barrier forces all process to wait until all the process reach the barrier and then releases all of the processes. There are software schemes, hardware scheme, or combinations of these mechanism to achieve barrier synchronization which tends to use hardware scheme. Besides, barrier synchronization lets parallel computer system fast because it has fewer start-up overhead. In this paper, we propose a new switch module that can implement fast and fault-tolerant barrier synchronization in hardware scheme. A proposed barrier synchronization is operated not in full-switch-driven method but in processor-driven method. An effective barrier synchronization is executed with inexpensive hardware supports. Therefore, a new proposed hardware barrier synchronization is designed that it is operated in arbitrary network topology. In this paper, we only show comparison of barrier synchronization on Multistage Interconnection Network. This research results in 24.6-24.8% reduced average delay. Through this result, we can expect lower average delay in irregular network.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.198-209
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• 2014

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is well known for increasing morbidity and mortality, especially related to their complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the prevalence rate of DM and provide a fundamental material to develop an intervention strategy to reduce the prevalence rate of DM. The study subjects were adults aged over 19 on the basis of the primitive data of "The Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2012". Therefore, the data of 5995 participants were analyzed. For data process, the complex sample analysis module of SPSS 18.0 program was employed to add weighting before analysis. According to the analysis, the prevalence rate of DM of the study subjects was 10.5%. Regarding the odds ratio of DM prevalence, the subjects who graduated from middle school had the odds ratio 2.51 times higher than those who graduated from college and more; those in subjective bad health condition 4.77 times higher than those in subjective good health condition; those in obesity 1.44 times higher; those with high blood pressure 2.57 times higher; those with hyperlipidemia 2.63 times higher; those who fail to control their weight 1.31 times higher; those going on a diet 2.75 times higher. This study revealed that a level of education, perceived health status, obesity, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, weight control, and dietary therapy were the predictable variables of the prevalence rate of DM, and thereby suggested the nursing direction and research direction to reduce the prevalence rate of DM.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.107-115
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• 2013

Smart appliances with multi-media and telecommunication equipments provide users complicated convenience functions. On the contrary, 8-bit controller-based low performance electronics still cannot afford such multimedia and telecommunication. If we find a way to have low-end electronics connected and provide complicated functions, they can be also made "smart". Fortunately, 8-bit controllers used in low-end appliances have UART, which can be connected to any of BlueTooth, Wi-Fi and ZigBee communication modules which can, in turn, communicate with smart devices. Any communication module can be attached to the low-end electronics due to the variety of smart devices' connectivity at the other side. Although the convenience functions seem complicated, they are actually macros in a script form composed of micro commands which implement the base functions of appliances. Since the kinds of the base functions are not that many, the low-end electronic appliances will become "smart" if their control program can be extended to execute sequentially the micro commands in any combination. Such simple innovation has not seen the world, until now due to the overhead of the additionally required hardware such as display devices and buttons. The high-quality display and touch screen functionalities of smart devices can replace the required hardware, and remove the overhead completely. In fact, the low-end appliances become smart as if an "evolution kit" is newly equipped.

• Current Industrial and Technological Trends in Aerospace
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2008

The year 2007 marked two important anniversaries for space. The Soviet Union launched Sputnik 50 years ago on October 4. 1957. The 40th anniversary of the United Nations treaty on outer space was also marked in 2007. 2008 and 2007 were full of dramatic events of space activity as well : Success of Japan's first large lunar explorer 'KAGUYA'(SELENE) and China's 'Chang'e 1', launch of ISS laboratory module, 'Colombus' and 'Kibo', test of China's ASAT, and success of Korea's first astronaut program and so on. International government space budgets reached $78.3 billion in 2007, a strong growth rate of 36% over 2006, and the recently released Global Exploration Strategy, The Framework for Coordination is a set of guidelines for international cooperation among 14 of the world's space agencies. Worldwide space industry revenue grew by 20% over 2005, $106.1 billion in 2006 and $173.9 billion expected in 2007. This paper discusses the issues related to the Earth observation R&D trend and market in detail. Korea's 2008 government space spending is \316.4 billion, 2007 space industry revenue was $106 million. Several research projects are now underway and STSAT 2 will be launched by KSLV-1 at the Naro Space Center within this year.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2007

Background : Interpretative reporting is an important aspect of laboratory medicine. The large menu of laboratory tests available today makes it increasingly difficult for the non-specialist to order and interpret all laboratory tests. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of an expert system to interpret laboratory tests and help physicians order the appropriate tests. Materials and Methods : In order to interpret laboratory tests, a rules-based expert system was developed. In this module, if-then rules were used to interpret the given test result patterns (e.g. urinalysis, anemia, hepatitis B virus, hypercholesterolemia, glucose, syphilis, and tumor markers) and select matching text elements. The system was used to evaluate 535 subjects who visited a health-check program. Results : The overall abnormal rate was 50.5% in the expert system; 34% for cholesterol, 9.9% for urinalysis, 8.0% for anemia, 7.7% for thyroid function tests, 4.5% for tumor marker study, 4.7% for hepatitis virus antigen, 4.3% for serum glucose, and 1.1% for syphilis. Conclusion : These results indicate that the application of the expert system for the interpretation of laboratory tests may provide a useful method for the interpretation of reports. However more rules are needed for the application to in-patients.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1623-1631
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• 2016

There are many researches which analyze vulnerability for combat systems, have been progressing, and apply the analyzed result to reflect on design phase. Recently, there have been requirements for integrating the previous module based researches which conducted independently. In this paper, we propose an integrated vulnerability analysis method for the combat system considering characteristics of threats and protection performance of armors through an analysis of the advanced research. In addition, by applying the proposed method improves the existing hit probability analysis program and we are verified based on scenarios for improving survivability of PKM (Petrol Killer Medium) for vulnerability analysis confirmed the results. The proposed method improves reliability of vulnerability analysis by considering threats and defense ability. Also it able to satisfied with the integration requirements. Furthermore, we became buildup for the development of applied system and the method and integrated vulnerability analysis method for combat systems.