• Title/Summary/Keyword: Profits making analysis

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A Study on the Design Development of Lady′s Down Wear

  • Lee, Soon-Ja;Choy, Hyon-Sook
    • International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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    • v.4
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    • pp.21-45
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    • 2004
  • The rapid development of science technology during the 20th century has greatly lowered the hours for labour, thus giving members of society extra time for leisure. With the increasement of leisure activities, sports casual wear has become one of the foremost leading items in the fashion industry, and among such sports casual, down wear has become the F/W season's most popular item. Because it generates high profits, many recognize it as a very important factor in lady's wear. Since the 1990's, down wear was widely applied to various sections of lady's, men's, and children's wear, and it has ceased to be limited to sports casual only. The purpose of this study was to fully understand the characteristics of down, and to develop crossover garments design desired not only in the F/W season but also the S/S season. It has been taken into consideration that many restrictions in sewing technique and material selection in manufacturing down as a fashion product exist when choosing a means of manufacture. That was why this study focused on the history and characteristics of down while analysing the works of domestic and foreign designers to concretely applicate them in fashion products. This study has divided the resulting down wear products according to consumer preference: vest, jacket, coat, one-piece, and skirt to applicate design manufacture of lady's wear in general, while designing and making artistically expressed down wear. There were 48 works developed as a result of this study, of which 41 were ready-to-wear, and the remaining 7 works were creative art wear.

Measuring Relative Static/Dynamic Efficiency of Korean Game Companies Using DEA and DEA-Window: Focusing on Online and Mobile Game Company (DEA 및 DEA-Window를 통한 국내 게임산업의 정태적/동태적 효율성 분석: 온라인 및 모바일 게임 기업을 중심으로)

  • Lee, Jae-Young;Leem, Choon-Seong;Ban, Seung-Hyun
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.20 no.10
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    • pp.496-509
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    • 2020
  • This study analyzes 5-year efficiency of the game industry, from 2014 to 2018 which is aimed at 25 online and mobile game companies, that are emerging as a new growth engine of a national economy to come and as a core areas of late entertainment industry. The DEA is used for static efficiency analyze and the DEA-Window is used for dynamic efficiency analyze. This study uses assets, the number of employees and costs as input variables and it also uses operating profits and sales as output variables. The main results show that scale efficiency presents a resonable result over 0.85 on a total average except 2014. However, there has not been a year that is over 0.80 of the whole period in technical efficiency. Also, in terms of business scale, there is a huge efficiency gap between high rank companies and low rank companies and the average trend of efficiency has been increased from 2014 to 2016 but it has been decreased since 2017.

A Study of a Keyword Extraction System Design with a differentiated Service for Customer (고객 서비스 차별화를 위한 키워드 추출 시스템 설계에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Hyun-Chang;Choi, Hyun-Seok;Shin, Sung-Yoon;Lee, Yang-Won
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2010.10a
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    • pp.638-640
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    • 2010
  • The business of companies has become more fierce due to the age of limitless competition. In addition, to improve the service satisfaction of their customers, they have continued their efforts. The researches about making their efforts get profits have done. As a result, CRM(customer relationship management) which is appropriate to analysis, evaluate and draw one of solutions to satisfy customers is received attention. Therefore, in this material we consider a architecture for keyword extraction system which is a kind of necessary technology for e-business model to provide a differentiated service. And then we could get the know-how of customer acquisition and maintenance.

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An Analysis of Optimal Production Scales by Greenhouse Types using Long-run Average Cost in Controlled Tomato (비닐하우스 토마토의 온실유형에 따른 장기평균비용을 고려한 적정 생산규모 분석)

  • Rhee, Zae-Woong;Hong, Na-Kyoung;Kim, Tae-Kyun
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.57 no.5
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    • pp.29-35
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    • 2015
  • The optimal greenhouse scales for controlled tomato should be studied because the increase of oil price and labor costs following the shortage of workforce makes greenhouse cultivation hard to gain profits. The purpose of this study is to estimate optimal production scales by greenhouse types for controlled tomato. The translog cost function is estimated based on the production cost survey data. The results can be summarized as follows: First, the average production cost of controlled tomato per kg decreases as the production scale increases. Second, according to the tomatoes farm of standard farming income data of RDA, the minimum production scale is 23 ton. Third, the estimated output of single-span greenhouse considering production scale with minimum average cost is 345 ton and production cost per kg is 1,476 won. The corresponding figures of multi-span greenhouse are 415 ton and 936 won, respectively. The study results can be used as basic materials for efficient decision making of tomato farmhouses and novice farmers. Also, the study shows that multi-span greenhouse should be encouraged to be built, since it requires lower marginal cost than single greenhouse. The results of this paper will help increase the income of farmhouses and cut expenses for the coming years.

Taking all the Glory of Regional News Media by Seoul-based ones: A YouTube Interview Reporting Case of TV Maeil Shimnum (네트워크 미디어 유튜브에 나타난 서울중심 언론의 지역 언론 콘텐츠 전재: TV매일신문의 원희룡부인 인터뷰 사례 분석)

  • Park, Han Woo;Yoon, Ho Young
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.135-144
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    • 2022
  • This study explores that how the logic of network power in the existing digital content distribution structure works against local media. The limitless citation of local media content, in particular, is becoming more common in order to profit from network traffic while not giving appropriate remuneration for local media content. This study tried to demonstrate how network media dominance alienates local media material by using YouTube network analysis of TV Maile Shinmun. According to the research result, it was found that major news media tends to take profits from the local media interview by not properly indicating the source video, or reporting the core content of the local media interview, making it unnecessary to look for the original video source. Despite the viewpoint that the digital environment presents opportunities for local media, the current network logic would not benefit local media, which calls for the need that the digital content distribution strategy of local media develops a new order such as NFT, one of blockchain-based monetary system.h the help of information technology.

A Break-Even Analysis that Helps with Decision Making involving the Introduction of Ultrasonography (초음파기기 도입 시 의사결정 지원을 위한 손익 분석)

  • Yeo, Seong-Hee;Lee, Hae-Jong;Seo, Young-Joon;Kim, Young-Hoon
    • Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.23-48
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study was to provide criteria which help executives to make decisions through the analysis of profitability of ultrasonography conducted in each medical department. In order to achieve such purpose, the study conducted break-even analyses on three medical departments of a university hospital in which has used ultrasonography was largely conducted in diagnosing diseases and performing surgeries. The research was carried out from January to June 2008. The data necessary for calculating cost, were collected using by computerized data. The results of the study were summarized as follows. 1. The Cost structure of each medical department: The Cost of ultrasonography was divided into direct cost and indirect cost through the categorization by cost object. Labor cost accounted for the largest portion of the direct cost with 69.3% in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, 67.4% in the department of radiology and 58.2% in the cardiac ultrasonography center, which followed by the depreciation cost of ultrasonography equipment. The calculation of the average material cost of each ultrasonographic test by medical test found that the cardiac ultrasonography center took first place with 2,355 won, followed by the department of obstetrics and gynecology with 266 won and the department of radiology with 233 won. As for the power cost of ultrasonography equipment, the department of radiology took fist place with 442,000 won. The power cost, however, did not affect much the cost price, because it accounted for only a small portion of the cost. As for indirect cost, the cardiac ultrasonography center ranked first with 7,156,000 won. Building depreciation cost accounted for the largest portion of the indirect cost. 2. Break-even analysis: Under the supposition that cost price can be divided into fixed cost and variable cost, a break-even analysis was conducted using the cost price confirmed through the cost structure of each medical department. As for the average customary charge of ultrasonography test conducted in each medical department, the department of obstetrics and gynecology charged 24,627 won, the department of radiology 53,179 won and the cardiac ultrasonography center 65,174 won. According to these results, the charges of ultrasonography test imposed by the department of radiology and the cardiac ultrasonography center wre enough to surpass break-even levels, but the charge imposed by the department of obstetrics and gynecology was not enough to offset the cost price. In conclusion, labor cost accounted for the largest proportion of cost price of ultrasonography test conducted in diagnosing diseases and performing surgeries in medical departments, followed by the fixed cost of ultrasonographic equipment depreciation cost. In medical department where the current charge of ultrasonography test turned out not to offset cost price through the break-even analysis of ultrasonographic equipment, ways to reduce fixed cost which accounts for the largest proportion of the cost price should be sought. Even medical departments whose current charge of ultrasonography test is enough to surpass break-even level are required to work for efficient management and cost reduction to continuously generate profits.

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Determine Optimal Timing for Out-Licensing of New Drugs in the Aspect of Biotech (신약의 기술이전 최적시기 결정 문제 - 바이오텍의 측면에서)

  • Na, Byungsoo;Kim, Jaeyoung
    • Knowledge Management Research
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.105-121
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    • 2020
  • With regard to the development of new drugs, what is most important for a Korean Biotech, where no global sales network has been established, is decision-making related to out-licensing of new drugs. The probability of success for each clinical phase is different, and the licensing amount and its royalty vary depending on which clinical phase the licensing contract is made. Due to the nature of such a licensing contract and Biotech's weak financial status, it is a very important decision-making issue for a Biotech to determine when to license out to a Big Pharma. This study defined a model called 'optimal timing for out-licensing of new drugs' and the results were derived from the decision tree analysis. As a case study, we applied to a Biotech in Korea, which is conducting FDA global clinical trials for a first-in-class new drug. Assuming that the market size and expected market penetration rate of the target disease are known, it has been shown that out-licensing after phase 1 or phase 2 of clinical trials is a best alternative that maximizes Biotech's profits. This study can provide a conceptual framework for the use of management science methodologies in pharmaceutical fields, thus laying the foundation for knowledge and research on out-licensing of new drugs.

Prospect Theory and Risk Preferences of Real Estate Development Companies (부동산 개발 및 공급 기업의 손익과 경영진의 위험 선호도)

  • Kim, Byungil;Kim, Won Tae;Chung, Do-Bum
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.83-88
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    • 2022
  • Companies make decisions with risks such as choosing an investment plan in order to pursue profits. This study explained the decision making of the management of construction companies in South Korea using the tendency to avoid losses in the Prospect Theory. To this end, 20-year financial data of 2,881 companies engaged in real estate development, which have to bear the greatest risk among the construction industry, were collected. The collected companies were roughly classified based on the reference point, and the causal relationship between average return on equity and risk preference by group was empirically analyzed through regression analysis. As a result, it was confirmed that if the average return on equity of a company decreases for the group above the reference point, it tends to select an investment plan with low uncertainty in order not to lose additional money. In addition, it was confirmed that if the average return on equity of a company decreases for the group below the reference point, it tends to select an investment plan with high uncertainty to move to the profit area. This result is exactly consistent with the loss aversion tendency of the Prospect Theory.

Efficiency Analysis for TV Home Shopping Companies Using DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis) (DEA 모형을 이용한 TV홈쇼핑기업의 상대적 효율성 연구)

  • Kim, Soon-Hong;Ahn, Young-Hyo;Oh, Seung-Chul
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.12 no.8
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    • pp.5-15
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    • 2014
  • Purpose - The method of TV home shopping is a kind of retail method that provides the viewer with information about products and, further, sells the products to consumers through the media of television. The domestic home-shopping industry has been expanding since 1995, and there are six companies in this arena as of 2012. In this study, we evaluate the management efficiency of TV home-shopping companies and provide suggestions for improving efficiency, using the DEA (data envelopment analysis) model. Hence, we expect to contribute to the progress of the companies' efficiency and the development of the TV home-shopping industry, where deepening competition is inevitable because it is experiencing the maturing market stage in its life cycle. Research design, data, and methodology - Efficiency is the ratio of the quantity of input to the quantity of output of a product or service. It is necessary to estimate aggregate inputs and aggregate outputs, which are calculated by applying a weighting to a number of input and output factors, to measure the efficiency. The DEA model is divided into the CCR model and the BCC model. The CCR model is a basic model that assumed constant returns to scale (CRS), and the BCC model extends the CCR model to accommodate technologies exhibiting variable returns to scale (VRS), and concerns only the technical efficiency without considering the efficiency of returns to scale. In this study, we consider six companies each year from 2008 to 2012 as a DMU (Decision Making Unit) and analyze the differences in efficiency for each company in each year. Furthermore, we evaluate the operating characteristics of TV home-shopping companies, using three models, in accordance with the overall performance, profitability, and marketability of the business. Results - The result of the analysis, using DEA models, shows that Hyundai Home Shopping (2009, 2010, 2011), GS Home Shopping (2011), NS Home Shopping (2011) and CJ O Shopping (2012) possess MPSS (most productive scale size), with a score 1.0 in CCR, BCC, and scale efficiency. Particularly, Hyundai Home Shopping is shown to be the most efficient in terms of overall business performance, marketability, and profitability. The overall efficiency of the home shopping industry has displayed an increasing trend since 2008, even though it decreased marginally in 2012; further, we can observe that home shopping companies operate with increasing efficiency with the passage of time. Conclusions - Home shopping companies have focused on market expansion rather than profits, as they displayed better efficiency in marketability than increase in profitability during the period 2008-2012. In addition, the main reason for the increased efficiency in the home shopping industry is the market expansion through the revenue increase of each home shopping company. This study can be used as a reference when home shopping companies attempt to devise future strategies, as it suggests efficiency benchmarks and development levels for each home shopping company.

The Prediction of DEA based Efficiency Rating for Venture Business Using Multi-class SVM (다분류 SVM을 이용한 DEA기반 벤처기업 효율성등급 예측모형)

  • Park, Ji-Young;Hong, Tae-Ho
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.139-155
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    • 2009
  • For the last few decades, many studies have tried to explore and unveil venture companies' success factors and unique features in order to identify the sources of such companies' competitive advantages over their rivals. Such venture companies have shown tendency to give high returns for investors generally making the best use of information technology. For this reason, many venture companies are keen on attracting avid investors' attention. Investors generally make their investment decisions by carefully examining the evaluation criteria of the alternatives. To them, credit rating information provided by international rating agencies, such as Standard and Poor's, Moody's and Fitch is crucial source as to such pivotal concerns as companies stability, growth, and risk status. But these types of information are generated only for the companies issuing corporate bonds, not venture companies. Therefore, this study proposes a method for evaluating venture businesses by presenting our recent empirical results using financial data of Korean venture companies listed on KOSDAQ in Korea exchange. In addition, this paper used multi-class SVM for the prediction of DEA-based efficiency rating for venture businesses, which was derived from our proposed method. Our approach sheds light on ways to locate efficient companies generating high level of profits. Above all, in determining effective ways to evaluate a venture firm's efficiency, it is important to understand the major contributing factors of such efficiency. Therefore, this paper is constructed on the basis of following two ideas to classify which companies are more efficient venture companies: i) making DEA based multi-class rating for sample companies and ii) developing multi-class SVM-based efficiency prediction model for classifying all companies. First, the Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) is a non-parametric multiple input-output efficiency technique that measures the relative efficiency of decision making units(DMUs) using a linear programming based model. It is non-parametric because it requires no assumption on the shape or parameters of the underlying production function. DEA has been already widely applied for evaluating the relative efficiency of DMUs. Recently, a number of DEA based studies have evaluated the efficiency of various types of companies, such as internet companies and venture companies. It has been also applied to corporate credit ratings. In this study we utilized DEA for sorting venture companies by efficiency based ratings. The Support Vector Machine(SVM), on the other hand, is a popular technique for solving data classification problems. In this paper, we employed SVM to classify the efficiency ratings in IT venture companies according to the results of DEA. The SVM method was first developed by Vapnik (1995). As one of many machine learning techniques, SVM is based on a statistical theory. Thus far, the method has shown good performances especially in generalizing capacity in classification tasks, resulting in numerous applications in many areas of business, SVM is basically the algorithm that finds the maximum margin hyperplane, which is the maximum separation between classes. According to this method, support vectors are the closest to the maximum margin hyperplane. If it is impossible to classify, we can use the kernel function. In the case of nonlinear class boundaries, we can transform the inputs into a high-dimensional feature space, This is the original input space and is mapped into a high-dimensional dot-product space. Many studies applied SVM to the prediction of bankruptcy, the forecast a financial time series, and the problem of estimating credit rating, In this study we employed SVM for developing data mining-based efficiency prediction model. We used the Gaussian radial function as a kernel function of SVM. In multi-class SVM, we adopted one-against-one approach between binary classification method and two all-together methods, proposed by Weston and Watkins(1999) and Crammer and Singer(2000), respectively. In this research, we used corporate information of 154 companies listed on KOSDAQ market in Korea exchange. We obtained companies' financial information of 2005 from the KIS(Korea Information Service, Inc.). Using this data, we made multi-class rating with DEA efficiency and built multi-class prediction model based data mining. Among three manners of multi-classification, the hit ratio of the Weston and Watkins method is the best in the test data set. In multi classification problems as efficiency ratings of venture business, it is very useful for investors to know the class with errors, one class difference, when it is difficult to find out the accurate class in the actual market. So we presented accuracy results within 1-class errors, and the Weston and Watkins method showed 85.7% accuracy in our test samples. We conclude that the DEA based multi-class approach in venture business generates more information than the binary classification problem, notwithstanding its efficiency level. We believe this model can help investors in decision making as it provides a reliably tool to evaluate venture companies in the financial domain. For the future research, we perceive the need to enhance such areas as the variable selection process, the parameter selection of kernel function, the generalization, and the sample size of multi-class.