• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.152-159
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• 2015

As for medical education, not only acquirement of knowledge but also practical clinical competence is important because it is needed on primary medicine. Under this trend, Clinical Performance Examination(CPX) is already being practiced in medical college. But in spite of its importance, CPX is not yet practiced in Korean medical college. So, by contemplating necessity and outcome of CPX, We try to offer basic data for future imposition and improvement of CPX in Korean medical education. 49 students of grade 3 in a Daejeon Korean Medical College were targets of investigation. After educated about CPX in advance, They treated simulated patient and answered questionnaire about CPX. Then, their treatment was scored by Professor and simulated patients. Total 49 members responded to the survey and the results of the analysis were as follows. The answer that CPX is useful(Mean=4.12) and essential for acquiring professionalism of treatment(Mean=4.02) was got high scores. But many respondents replied about necessity of better CPX environment and felt difficulty about PPI(45%). Meanwhile, Professor group(Mean=9.24) tended to give more high score than Simulated patient group(Mean=7.94). This study can be very useful for composing basic data of CPX in Korean medical College and improving practical clinical competence of students. But this study has also some limits like area, respondent selection, group module etc. So, more detailed and comprehensive survey is needed. This work was supported by the Daejeon University Research Grant.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 2022

This study aimed to analyze the subjects, situations, and reflection levels related to role modeling experienced by medical students during their clinical clerkship and their own reflections. This study intends to suggest ways of improving how residents and clinical faculty should treat and teach medical students. Written interviews were conducted regarding senior medical students' role modeling experiences during their clinical clerkships in 2018 and 2019. Content analysis was conducted for a total of 224 cases from 196 students. Content analysis revealed three types of role modeling content: subjects (faculty, residents, nurses, peer students), situations (clinical competence, personal qualities, teaching skills), and the level of reflection (critical reflection, reflection, thoughtful action, and habitual action) in each case. As role model subjects, faculty were found to be the paramount role model (n=142, 62.83%). Role modeling was the most frequently performed for clinical competence (n=103, 45.98%). Clinical competence was frequently shown in communication and empathic listening during rounds and outpatient relationships between the patient and doctor. Regarding the level of reflection for role modeling, the number of critical reflections was 86 (38.39%) and that of reflections was 80 (35.71%). In particular, negative role modeling showed a high level of critical reflection in relation to faculty (64.44%) and nurses (8.89%). In conclusion, role modeling of medical students participating in clinical clerkships occurs in situations that the role models are not aware of, with positive or negative effects on the formation of professional identity among medical students.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2023

Traditional Korean medicine and traditional Korean (Hanbang) nursing are very similar disciplines in terms of philosophy, values, and identity. Traditional Korean medicine views that harmonious and balanced human body and mental state can be formed through the flow of Qi and blood using meridians and acupressure points. This view can be applied to research, practice, theory, and education in Hanbang nursing. The meridian is a pathway through which Qi and blood, the energy necessary for life activities, pass through. Acupressure points are important meridians where physical, mental, and psychological health conditions appear as a response. Pressing and stimulating acupressure points to facilitate and communicate the flow of qi and blood in the meridians can create positive effects and enable the treatment of various symptoms and syndromes of our bodies. Hanbang nursing nursing, which is also based on the use of meridians, may be used to control various symptoms and syndromes and prevent and treat diseases. Currently, Hanbang nursing are growing along with the professionalism of Hanbang nursing practice, vitalization of Hanbang nursing research, and the development of Hanbang nursing education and theory. The growth of Hanbang nursing requires active participation of nursing scholars and efforts to converge beyond the walls of medicine and nursing.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2005

Objectives : To help develop strategies to cope with the changes arising from the rapid aging process by predicting the determining factors of intention to actual use of the charged long-term care services for elderly as perceived by the middle aged who play the major role of supports. Methods : Subjects were the parents (men 177, women 507) in their 40s of the students selected from a university of Busan city. A questionnaire survey was conducted for 4 weeks in October 2003 about the knowledge for long-term care service, the intention of actual use, and the preferences about the type of service suppliers. Data analysis was performed with frequency, chi-square test, and t-test using SPSS program (ver 10.0K), along with data mining using decision tree of Enterprise Miner V8.2 by SAS. Results : About half of the subjects (53.7%) had the actual experiences of elderly supports. Intentions to use the charged services were relatively high in home visiting nursing care service (40.1%) and long-term care facilities service (40.4%), and were influenced by previous knowledge about the services. The intentions were stronger in women, those with higher education, and those with greater income levels. Actual elderly supports were mostly (80%) done by women, and the perceived burdens for the supports were bigger in women and those of lower socioeconomic level. Desired charges were about 10,000 won for the bath service, 20,000 won for the rests services per day, and about 500,000 won for the long-term care facilities service per month. From the result of decision tree analysis, the job professionalism was the most important determining factor of intention to actual use of the services with validation as $63{\sim}71%$. Health and welfare mixed type facilities were preferred, and the most important consideration was the level of professionalism. Conclusions : Intention to actual use of the charged services was largely determined by the aspects of time and cost. Polices to increase the number of service suppliers and to decrease the burdens perceived by actual supporters were strongly recommended.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.229-239
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• 2015

Background: The hospital accreditation program in Korea has been conducted since 2011 in order to improve patient safety and healthcare service quality. This study was conducted to find factors associated with satisfaction as surveyor and reliability of surveyors in hospital accreditation program. Methods: This study was performed targeting 217 responded to the survey among 412 surveyors who had participated in the accreditation survey for acute care hospitals from December 2010 to February 2014. Results: The average number of survey per surveyor is 2.35. We divided surveyors into those who participated in the survey more than 3 times and less than 3 times in order to judge the professionalism of surveyors according to the number of survey participation. Those factors that have an influence on the satisfaction as surveyors include: activity period as surveyor, role in the survey team, experience of survey in other fields, experience as consultant and the useful education and proper composition of survey team (p<0.05). Those factors that have an influence on the reliability for fellow surveyors include: number of beds of hospitals they belong, experience of survey in other fields, useful education, proper composition of survey team and difficulty in leadership interview (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is important to provide useful education and proper composition of survey team to increase the satisfaction as surveyors and the reliability for fellow surveyors.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.100-111
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• 2019

There are several dimensions of academic burnout experienced by medical and health science college students. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of academic relationships on academic burnout. Data was collected from 476 Eulji University students using an online survey over 4 days in April of 2018. Of the 264 respondents, 111 studied medicine (42.0%), 105 studied nursing (39.8%), and 48 studied clinical pathology (18.1%). The questionnaire was composed of the following sections: demographics (four questions), general life characteristics (seven questions), academic enthusiasm (eight questions), academic relationships (15 questions), and academic burnout sub-dimensions (partially revised Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey Scale) (11 questions). T-tests and one-way analysis of variance were performed to illustrate the differences among the three departments. The effects of academic relationships and academic enthusiasm on academic burnout were analyzed using linear regression. Comparing the three departments, academic burnout was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.296). However, medical students' academic enthusiasm was significantly lower (p<0.001) and academic relationships were significantly higher (p<0.001) than nursing and clinical pathology students. The difference in academic burnout among the three departments was not significant. However, medical students have stronger academic relationships, while nursing and clinical pathology students were more focused on academics. Relationships and academic enthusiasm contribute to reducing academic burnout. Therefore, strategies need to be developed to deal with academic burnout considering relationship factors.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.1002-1011
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine characteristics of nursing science and identify expected outcomes from baccalaureate graduates, and to develop accreditation standards and criteria reflecting the characteristics of the nursing profession. Methods: A methodological research design was utilized in this study. Related literature reviews and the nursing education program goals and objectives of the 99 nursing schools in Korea were analyzed. A cross-sectional survey research design was utilized to test the validity of the developed characteristics of the nursing profession and their accreditation criteria and standards. The face validity was from the advisory committee and public committee hearing. Results: The characteristics of nursing science were defined with five concepts including humanity, scientific knowledge, professionalism, therapeutic relationship, and facilitating well-being. The expected outcomes from graduates were identified as providing holistic nursing, critical thinking, establishing professionalism and leadership, construction of a therapeutic relationship, and skilled nursing practice. Finally6 standards and 14 criteria reflecting the unique characteristics of the nursing profession were developed for accreditation. These proposed accreditation standards and criteria are a challenge to promote the quality of nursing science.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

This study is a narrative review introducing global trends in patient safety education within medical schools and exploring the status of Korean education. Core competences for patient safety include patient centeredness, teamwork, evidence- and information-based practice, quality improvement, addressing medical errors, managing human factors and system complexity, and patient safety knowledge and responsibility. According to a Korean report addressing the role of doctors, patient safety was described as a subcategory of clinical care. Doctors' roles in patient safety included taking precautions, educating patients about the side effects of drugs, and implementing rapid treatment and appropriate follow-up when patient safety is compromised. The Korean Association of Medical Colleges suggested patient safety competence as one of eight essential human and society-centered learning outcomes. They included appropriate attitude and knowledge, human factors, a systematic approach, teamwork skills, engaging with patients and carers, and dealing with common errors. Four Korean medical schools reported integration of a patient safety course in their preclinical curriculum. Studies have shown that students experience difficulty in reporting medical errors because of hierarchical culture. It seems that patient safety is considered in a narrow sense and its education is limited in Korea. Patient safety is not a topic for dealing with only adverse events, but a science to prevent and detect early system failure. Patient safety emphasizes patient perspectives, so it has a different paradigm of medical ethics and professionalism, which have doctor-centered perspectives. Medical educators in Korea should understand patient safety concepts to implement patient safety curriculum. Further research should be done on communication in hierarchical culture and patient safety education during clerkship.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2022

We use the concept of the "doctor's role" as a guideline for developing medical education programs for medical students, residents, and doctors. Therefore, we should regularly reflect on the times and social needs to develop a clear sense of that role. The objective of the present study was to understand the knowledge structure related to doctor's job competencies in Korea. We analyzed research trends related to doctor's job competencies in Korea Citation Index journals using text network analysis through an integrative approach focusing on identifying social issues. We finally selected 1,354 research papers related to doctor's job competencies from 2011 to 2020, and we analyzed 2,627 words through data pre-processing with the NetMiner ver. 4.2 program (Cyram Inc., Seongnam, Korea). We conducted keyword centrality analysis, topic modeling, frequency analysis, and linear regression analysis using NetMiner ver. 4.2 (Cyram Inc.) and IBM SPSS ver. 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). As a result of the study, words such as "family," "revision," and "rejection" appeared frequently. In topic modeling, we extracted five potential topics: "topic 1: Life and death in medical situations," "topic 2: Medical practice under the Medical Act," "topic 3: Medical malpractice and litigation," "topic 4: Medical professionalism," and "topic 5: Competency development education for medical students." Although there were no statistically significant changes in the research trends for each topic over time, it is nonetheless known that social changes could affect the demand for doctor's job competencies.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2015

Academic integrity guarantees the professional integrity and validity of the education and qualifications offered by the veterinary schools. In this study, we analyzed the responses of 528 veterinary students of two veterinary schools in Seoul regarding their awareness about, knowledge of, and frequency of engaging in academic misconduct. A total of 88.4 percent of the participants agreed that cheating and plagiarism by undergraduates would influence their future academic misconduct. The most common form of academic misconduct was plagiarism (71.7% in the A school, 69.5% in the B school), with falsification (40.2% in the A school, 31.7% in the B school) also reported at a high rate. Students indicated the lack of a culture of academic integrity as the main reason for academic misconduct. According to the regression analysis students' awareness and knowledge of academic integrity and their perception of peers' academic misconduct predicted a significant amount of variance of the frequency of academic misconduct. The findings of this study support that academic integrity should be learned in a flexible format from an early stage of professional development in veterinary curriculum. In parallel with the efforts of faculty, a community approach may be likely to improve the academic environment in terms of integrity.