• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.11-21
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• 2023

There have been many studies to improve the efficiency of the CG production process, but it was not easy to overcome the problem that it was difficult to check the result in the middle of work and it took a lot of time for rendering. However, as the possibility of using Unreal Live Link, which can check the result in real-time, is increasing, expectations for improving the efficiency of the production process are rising. This study analyzed the efficiency of the 3D animation production process using Unreal Live Link. To this end, modeling, rigging, animation, and layout work were done in Maya, and the final output image sequence was rendered in Unreal Engine through Unreal Live Link. And the difference between this production process and the existing production process in which the final output image sequence is rendered in the 3D software itself was compared and analyzed. As a result of the analysis, unlike the traditional 3D animation production process, it was possible to check the final work result in real-time by proceeding with the work through a high-quality viewport screen, and it was found that the efficiency of work was maximized by deriving the final result through real-time screen capture. Recently, the use of game engines in the 3D animation and film industry is gradually increasing, and the efficiency of work is expected to be maximized if Unreal Live Link is used.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.737-741
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• 1996

Dry matter yield of reed canarygrass was investigated in uncultivated rice paddy in Korea, and an attempt was made to estimate the most economic and efficient cutting frequency and rates of nitrogen (N) fertilization, for increased production of reed canarygrass. Total dry matter yields of reed canarygrass per year were 7.4-15.7, 8.5-16.1, and 7.5-13.4 tons/ha in 3, 4, and 5 cutting frequencies, respectively, and over the N treatments of 0-120 kg N/ha/cut. When cut 3 or 5 times annually, the 2nd cut produced the highest proportion of total yield at 38.4 and 33.0%, respectively, when cut 4 times the 3rd cut was highest (38.3%). The ranges of economic N level, limiting N level and efficiency of dry matter production were 243.3-293.0, 387.2, and 14.6 kg DM/kg N, respectively. These indicators were particularly low for the 5 cutting frequency possibly because of the unusually high temperature in the summer season. The best cutting frequency for the dry matter production of reed canarygrass in 1994 was 3 per year because of the higher efficiency of dry matter production.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.345-375
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to measure the change of the production efficiency which may happen when environmental regulation incurs technological constraint in the process of production, and to compute the opportunity cost of pollution reduction with the lost products based on the change of efficiency. The patterns of production technoloy in the paper are divided into the technologies of strong disposability and weak disposabilty to grasp the effect of the technological constraint due to the environmental regulation. The endowment of the technolgical constraints in the process of production is considered to bring the greatest restriction on firm's production. When the environmental efficiencies of Korean regional manufactures were measured with linear programming model, the lost products related with the constraint of production technology that environmental regulation incurred, was average 148.1 billion dollar per year(5.87% of one year overall products) for total manufactures in 1991~1998. The ratio of the lost products for total products was spread from 0.78% to 1l.08%. The average lost products of 15 regions were changed from 4.66% to 18.35% of total products. Generally the environmental efficiency index of regional manufactures being decreased continuously since 1991, it is estimated that the environmental performance of Korean manufactures has been more and more deteriorating.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.153-165
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• 2021

This study aims to analyze the difference in production elasticity based on the types of agricultural labor input regarding its qualitative difference in Jeju mandarin production. To estimate the production function of qualityadjusted labor, we have set up a Quality-Adjusted Index based on the market wage of the agricultural field. We have conducted a multiple regression analysis of the newly estimated labor inputs using the Ordinary Least Squares regression. Results show that the production efficiency of aggregate total labor hours (quality-unadjusted labor input) is overestimated compared to quality-adjusted labor with qualitative labor homogeneity. Moreover, by analyzing household labor and employment labor, we have observed that the marginal productivity of household labor exceeds that of employment labor. In conclusion, this study verifies that securing labor input homogeneity is crucial for analyzing agricultural labor hours' economic efficiency accurately.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.27-47
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• 2015

In this paper, we present a new empirical method to estimate the environmental efficiency of decision making units. We propose a model with a new approach that describes a network process consisting of two stages, production and wastewater abatement based on the data extracted from 51 Korean industrial complexes. Taking into account the inter-dependency of two stages, we show a process how to decompose the environmental efficiency into production efficiency and abatement efficiency. Moreover, our new proposed method can be used to explain the information on network relationship between economic growth and environmental protection.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.17-23
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• 2020

The main task of agro-industrial production is to provide the population with food products for the production of which energy is expended in the form of electricity, technical means, fuels and lubricants, mineral fertilizers, etc. Accordingly, we have developed a concept and general methodological principles for the analysis of ecological and biotechnical systems in animal husbandry, it makes it possible to simulate the influence of various factors on the energy and ecological efficiency of systems, to compare and search for energy-saving modes and technologies. General methodological principles have been developed for the analysis of energy efficiency and environmental safety of agricultural ecological and biotechnical systems, which are based on the definition of the bioenergy efficiency coefficient, the quantitative expression of which is the ratio of energy accumulated in products to the total energy consumption for its production. This makes it possible to model with sufficient accuracy the influence of various factors on the energy and environmental efficiency of the system, to compare and search for energy-saving modes and technologies in order to find and select the most energy efficient ones to increase the energy efficiency of the complex.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.961-966
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• 2008

Direct and maternal genetic parameters for production traits in 1,642 pigs and maternal genetic correlations among production (1,642 pigs) and feed efficiency (380 boars) traits were estimated in 7 generations of a Duroc population. Traits studied were daily gain (DG), intramuscular fat (IMF), loineye area (LEA), backfat thickness (BF), daily feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI). The RFI was calculated as the difference between actual and predicted feed intake. The predicted feed intake was estimated by adjusting the initial test weight, DG and BF. Data for production traits were analyzed using four alternative animal models (including direct, direct+maternal permanent environmental, or direct+maternal genetic+maternal permanent environmental effects). Direct heritability estimates from the model including direct and all maternal effects were $0.41{\pm}0.04$ for DG, $0.27{\pm}0.04$ for IMF, $0.52{\pm}0.06$ for LEA and $0.64{\pm}0.04$ for BF. Estimated maternal heritabilities ranged from $0.04{\pm}0.04$ to $0.15{\pm}0.05$ for production traits. Antagonistic relationships were observed between direct and maternal genetic effects ($r_{am}$) for LEA (-0.21). Maternal genetic correlations of feed efficiency traits with FI ($r_g$ of FI with FCR and RFI were $0.73{\pm}0.06$ and $0.90{\pm}0.05$, respectively) and LEA (rg of LEA with FCR and RFI were $-0.48{\pm}0.05$ to $-0.61{\pm}0.05$, respectively) were favorable. The estimated moderate genetic correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects for IMF and LEA indicated that maternal effects has an important role in these traits, and should be accounted for in the genetic evaluation system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.648-651
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• 2004

This paper compares the efficiency of the banking systems of 8 countries during 1996-2002 period. When to estimate the efficiency for each country only, the efficiency levels are more than $85\%$ that shows the production functions of all banks in a single county are similar. But the estimation for all countries shows that the banking systems of some countries are not so efficient compared to other countries' production functions.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2009

Nitrogen removal and methane production from piggery wastewater were investigated in two-phase anaerobic digestion (TPAD) coupled with biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process at $35^{\circ}C$. Methane production rate was about $0.7L/L{\cdot}day$ at organic loading rate (OLR) of $1.2g{\cdot}TCOD/L{\cdot}day$ in methanogenic UASB. Conversion efficiency of the removed TCOD into methane in UASB was as high as 72% and overall TCOD removal efficiency in this system was over 97%. Ammonia nitrogen were stably removed in BNR system and overall efficiency were 98%. With recirculation of the nitrified final effluent to TPAD, nitrogen oxides were completely removed by anaerobic denitrification in the acidogenic reactor, which did not inhibit the acidogenic activities. Overall TN removal efficiency in the TPAD-BNR system was as high as 94%.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.205-213
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• 2019

Recently, because of the global recession of the offshore plant industry and low-cost orders, there has been increasing interest in strengthening the competitiveness of domestic companies for the design and production technologies of offshore plants. However, in the offshore plant design field, the Plant Design Management System (PDMS), which is a 3D CAD program for plant layout developed by AVEVA Marine, is already commonly used as offshore plant design software and widely used in large domestic shipyards and cooperative design companies. Under this background, we have been thinking about ways to design better with the existing software. In this study, we developed a parametric design program to maximize the efficiency and reduce the working time for offshore plant electrical outfit production design based on the Programmable Macro Language (PML) of PDMS. We also examined its performance. By applying the developed program to the offshore plant module selected as an application example, it was confirmed that a 50% improvement in the work efficiency of cable tray design could be obtained compared with the existing method, with work efficiency improvements of 80% or more in other field design work.