• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.555-557
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• 2003

A total of 168 seven days-old Arbor Acres chicks were reared in late-autumn on 4 types of litters; sawdust, rice husk, sugarcane bagasse or wheat straw up to 49 days of age to compare the growth performance, evaluate the manureal value and Coccidial oocyst population in used litter. Sadust, rice husk, sugarcane bagasse and wheat straw did not differ statistically for live weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and survivability (p>0.05). However, live weight and survivability tended to increase on sawdust. The highest moisture content of used litter was found in sugarcane bagasse followed by sawdust, rice husk and wheat straw (p<0.05). Rice husk contained the highest amount of of nitrogen, phosphurus and potassium followed by sawdust, sugarcane bagasse and wheat straw (p<0.01). Oocyst content of all treatment groups increased suddenly up to 5 weeks of age and thereafter suddenly declined up to 7 weeks of age. Litter materials did not differ at 35 and 42 days of age for oocyst content, but significantly differed at 49 days of age (p<0.01). So, the above findings reveal that sawdust may be suitable litter followed by rice husk, sugarcane bagasse and wheat straw in late-autumn in Bangladesh in respect of broiler growth performance.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.368-372
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated on antioxidative activity and nitric oxide production inhibitory activity of various solvent extracts of Lespedeza bicolor. The total polyphenol content of the methanol extract was 192.6 mg/g and flavonoid content of the acetone extract was 40.6 mg/g, as the highest content. In DPPH radical scavenging ability, $SC_{50}$ values of the ethanol and methanol extract were exhibited $0.69mg/m{\ell}$ and $0.89mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. However, in nitric oxide(NO) scavenging ability, $SC_{50}$ values of the acetone was exhibited $0.72mg/m{\ell}$ as the highest activity. Moreover, the acetone extract showed strong NO production inhibitory effect in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cell. In the cytotoxicity measurement by MTT assay, the extracts were exhibited Raw 264.7 cell viabilities of 92.57~129.04% as nontoxic result in concentration of $65{\sim}650{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. As a result, the acetone extract of L. bicolor could be applicable to functional materials for anti-inflammatory related fields.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.440-448
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• 2005

Physical and chemical properties of waste glass, such as bottle glass, plate glass, and LCD glass were investigated to test the feasibility of starting materials for the production of high quality foamed glass for insulating grade construction material without pre-treatments such as cleaning, and waste removals. For this purpose, chemical analysis, thermal analysis, crystalline analysis, and rheological analysis including viscosity were proceeded and the preparation of foamed glass under the qualitative conditions obtained from these various analysis was also attempted. Overall results of various analysis and investigations for these waste glass showed that waste bottle glass and plate glass have high possivility of use as feed materials for the production of foamed glass.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 1998

Animal cells in culture typically convert most of the glucose they consume into lactate. The accumulation of lactate, however, is commonly cited as one of the factors that inhibit cell growth and limit the maximum cell concentration that can be achieved in culture. The specific production of lactate and the amount of glucose converted to lactate can be reduced when cells are grown in a fed-batch culture in which the residual glucose concentration is maintained at low levels. Such a fed-batch culture was used to grow and adapt hybridoma cells into a low-lactate-producing state before changing into continuous culture. The cells reached and maintained a high viable cell concentration at steady state. In a similar manner, cells that were initially grown in batch culture and a glucose-rich environment reached a steady state with a cell concentration that is much lower. The feed composition and dilution rates for both cultures were similar, suggesting steady state multiplicity. From a processing perspective the desired steady state among those is the one with the least metabolite production. At such seady state nutrient concentration in the feed can be further increased to increase cell and product concentrations without causing the metabolite inhibitory effect typically seen in a cell culture. Controlling cell metabolism in a continuous culture to reduce or eliminate waste metabolite production may significantly improve the productivity of mammalian cell culture processes.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.523-532
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• 2014

This study was done to evaluate the antioxidant effect of oak hot water extracts on the oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The cytotoxicity of $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress was performed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for the cell viability according to the dose-dependent treatment. Oak extracts demonstrated a dose-dependent ability to inhibit $H_2O_2$-induced apoptosis in cultured tenofibroblasts, as assessed by MTT assay and FACS analysis. $H_2O_2$ increased the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, treatment with oak extracts was decreased this activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, as confirmed by western blot analysis, and reduced the production of ROS, as verified by fluorescent microscopic and flow cytometry (FACS) analyses. These findings suggest that oak extracts, by suppressing JNK, ERK1/2, and intracellular ROS production, have a concentration-dependent antiapoptotic effect on achilles tenofibroblasts exposed to an oxidative stressor, and may have therapeutic potential.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.161-174
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• 1979

A review was made on the effect of organic matter application on the chemical characteristics of soils such as pH, solubilities of minerals, and cation exchange capacity mainly at flooded rice soils. The review can be summarized as follows: 1. Application of organic material such as rice straw and compost in flooded rice soil leads to a temporary lowering of soil pH at the earlier stage of soil reduction, due to the production of various organic acids and carbonic acid. This temporary lowered pH is replaced with the production of alkaline substances such as ammonia as the reduction of soil proceeds. 2. Incorporation of organic materials intensifies the ferrous iron, dissolving various minerals, virtually to the increase in electrical conductivity of soils. 3. Organic materials also play an important role in dissolving soil minerals through the production of various chelating agents. 4. Application of soil organic matter significantly increases cation exchange capacity of soils. 5. Continuous application of rice straw or compost leads to the increase in soil organic matter content to some extent, up to the level of equilibrium. In soils low in organic matter the equilibrium level is attained with five years continuous application of compost. 6. The manner of chemical fertilizer application influences the accumulation of organic matter applied in soils. Low levels of fertilization lowers the accumulation while high levels of fertilization accerelates the accumulation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2016

Background: In this study, we investigated the antibacterial and nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory activities of 75% ethanol extract of Prunus sargentii branches and its fractions against acne pathogens. Methods and Results: The antibacterial activity against acne causing pathogens was determined using the disc diffusion assay. The ethyl acetate fraction showed higher activities against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis than those shown by other fractions. In the DPPH radical and NO scavenging assays, the butanol fraction showed strong DPPH radical and NO scavenging abilities. These activities were related to the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of butanol fraction. On the other hand, the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited the highest NO production inhibitory activity in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells compared to those exhibited by other fractions. Conclusions: The extract and its ethyl acetate fraction from the branches of P. sargentii exhibited antibacterial activity and could be used as functional materials in antimicrobial related fields. Moreover, the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions are potential antiinflammatory agents and butanol fraction acts as an effective radical scavenger.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.342-351
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• 2021

Because of its unique properties, tungsten is a strategic and rare metal used in various industrial applications. However, the world's annual production of tungsten is only 84000 t. Ammonium paratungstate (APT), which is used as the main intermediate in industrial tungsten production, is usually obtained from tungsten concentrates of wolframite and scheelite by hydrometallurgical treatment. Intermediates such as tungsten trioxide, tungsten blue oxide, tungstic acid, and ammonium metatungstate can be derived from APT by thermal decomposition or chemical attack. Tungsten metal powder is produced through the hydrogen reduction of high-purity tungsten oxides, and tungsten carbide powder is produced by the reaction of tungsten powder and carbon black powder at 1300-1700℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere. Tungsten scrap can be divided into hard and soft scrap based on shape (bulk or powder). It can also be divided into new scrap generated during the production of tungsten-bearing goods and old scrap collected at the end of life. Recycling technologies for tungsten can be divided into four main groups: direct, chemical, and semi-direct recycling, and melting metallurgy. In this review, the current status of tungsten smelting and recycling technologies is discussed.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.93-101
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• 2022

Cordyceps militaris mycelium extracts containing high amounts of cordycepin were evaluated in vitro for their anti-inflammatory and tumor cell growth-inhibitory activities. All extracts dose dependently inhibited the increased production of inflammatory mediators including reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and 𝛽-hexosaminidase in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory cells. All extracts were evaluated for anti-proliferative activity against normal RBL-2H3 cells and diverse types of cancer cell lines, including HCT, MC5-7, U-87MG, AGS, and A549 cells. The extract showed the strongest growth inhibition (IC₅₀ = 28.13 ㎍/mL) relative to vehicle-treated control cells against fibrosarcoma (MC5-7). We have demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity of C. militaris via inhibition of NO, ROS production, and 𝛽-hexosaminidase release in activated cells. C. militaris mycelium extract was also evaluated mechanistically and found to exert six types of anti-cancer activity, confirming its pharmacological potential. Our study suggests C. militaris use as a potential source of anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents. C. militaris may also be considered a functional food.

• IE interfaces
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.418-434
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• 2008

This paper studied issues in decision making on the production control policy of a cathode plate manufacturing process in zinc refining plant. The present production system has a long lead time from raw materials (aluminum plate) to products (cathode plate) due to many WIP inventories. Because WIP inventories are stocked at each process and moved from one place to another frequently, they are the main cause of inefficiency in the process. In this paper, to solve this problem, several production control policies have been identified and studied. Several simulation models are used to compare the performances of these production control policies. The output lead time and WIP (Work In Process) of real production system are compared with those of simulation models. PUSH, CONWIP, DBR, KANBAN and CONWIP-DBR models have been used to simulate and review the optimized production control policy that achieves the target output quantities with decreased lead time and WIP. The simulation results of each production control policy show that CONWIP and CONWIP-DBR models are the good production control policy under the present production system. Especially in present production system, CONWIP with one parameter is easier control policy than CONWIP-DBR with two parameters. Therefore CONWIP has been selected as the best optimum production control policy. With CONWIP, lead time has been reduced by 97% (from 6,653 to 187 minute) and WIP has been reduced from 1,488 to 53, compared to the present system.