• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.57-63
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• 2002

The construction market has a major impact on the overall United States economy. Recent statistics estimate the gross domestic product (GDP) of the U.S. construction industry at some $416.4{\$}$ billion dollars, representing approximately $4.5\%$ of the U.S. GDP. Because the business environment in construction is highly competitive, the participants in the industry must improve their performance and processes to survive. Hence, Benchmarking has been generating interest in the construction industry. This paper provides an overview of the CII Benchmarking and Metrics Program. Following some background and a descriptive discussion of the database, an abridged presentation of result of data analysis. The adoption of benchmarking in Korean construction industry can be another opportunity to improve Korean construction industry.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.22
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• pp.107-135
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• 2004

The International Standard Banking Practice for the Examination of Documents under Documentary Letters of Credit (ISBP) is the product by the ICC Banking Commission, October 2002. The ISBP is a practical complement to UCP 500, ICC's universally used rules on documentary credits. It explains, in explicit detail, how the rules are to be applied on a day-to-day basis. It fills a needed gap between the general principles announced in the rules and the daily work of the documentary credit practitioner. By using the ISBP, document checkers can bring their practices in line with those followed by their colleagues worldwide. The result should be a significant reduction in the number of documents refused for discrepancies on first presentation. We are convinced that the benefits of the ISBP will not only be of high importance for users of UCP 500, but also that the practices in the ISBP will survive a UCP revision, or will even be included in the next version of the rule (so call "UCP 600"). Though the above-mentioned benefits of the ISBP, there are several troublesome topics that will probably have to wait for a new UCP revision. It will be a challenge for the drafters of a future UCP to find solutions that will further clarify these points.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.337-340
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• 2014

An 11-year-old male Maltese dog was presented with sudden onset of convulsion and right sided circling. On neurological examination, left side proprioception and menace reflexes were delayed. Blood examinations indicated severe thrombocytopenia and increased hepatic enzymes. On brain magnetic resonance imaging, lesions were founded on the left lateral subarachnoid space area. Those lesions showed hyperintense on T1-weighted images, hyperintense on T2-weighted images and hyperintense on fluid attenuated inversion recovery images. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed xanthochromia and erythrophagocytosis. Coagulation test results demonstrated that fibrin degradation product and D-dimer concentrations were higher than normal range. The patient expired few hours after presentation. This case report demonstrates intracranial hemorrhage with disseminated intravascular coagulation in a dog.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.228-242
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop a student-led instructional strategy that is central to the teaching-learning process and to investigate its effects. For this study, we analyzed the learner-centered learning types (discovery learning, problem-based learning, inquiry learning) and extracted elements applicable to newly developed teaching-learning. Based on this, a student-led class strategy was established using pre-learning, teacher collaboration, small group composition, and limited open data and product presentation, and then science classes were conducted. As a result of the post-tests of the five science core competencies of the experimental group using the student-led instructional strategy and the comparative group conducting lecture-based classes, the experimental group showed higher scores than the comparative group in the scientific thinking, scientific communication, and scientific attitudes (p<.05). Based on these results, it was confirmed that the student-led class, in which the student self-adjusts the entire process of designing, exploring, and presenting learning, can help the student's scientific ability. In addition, I would like to discuss the implications of teachers' teaching-learning composition.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.46-58
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• 2007

Current many software development projects gradually develop large volume of complex and changeable system. Architecture driven methodology is used for developing softwares like CBD (Component Based Development) or PLE (Product Line Engineering). To improve the development and maintainability in such an environment, the first of all needs the flexible and extensible architecture. This paper suggests the CBD application framework that has the flexbile and extensible architecture for improving development productivity and maintainability. In this paper, we also show basic performances of our suggested framework, comparing to a well-known web application framework, Struts.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.184-191
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• 2008

This study is focused on a relic of "Baek-Jae Muryong Roayl Tomb", as an inheritance, and craft work of a modern accessories Art. Based on a conceptual design and component of relic ceramic accessories from "Baek-Jae Muryong Roayl Tomb" is one of our cultural heritages, a creative work is to present a several kinds of applicable ceramic accessories in our real life. Accordance of valuing three factors as above, seeking the productivity idea from traditional cultural goods with the originality has a potential to expand to global market, because the regional representative cultural relic and remains goods of Gong-Ju, Chungnam can be developed as cultural good of regional, and cultural indigenous product. In conclusion, a property matter of soil and diversity of visual presentation that is corresponding to recognizable design particular idea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.82-89
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• 2002

Acid dairy drinks(ADD) are a worldwide product existing in many variations: fruit milk drinks, yogurt drinks, soy milk, butter milk, whey drinks and kefir etc. These drinks are marketed with different shelf lives depending on processing: -Short shelf life(maximum 3 weeks, cold storage) - Long shelf life(2 to 9 months, pasteurized, sterilized or retorted) Acidic protein drinks tend to a separation or destabilization process in the absence of stabilizing system during the shelf life of the ADD. A phase separation results in sedimentation of large particles at the bottom of the package and/or the formation of a serum layer at the top(whey off). These beverages are usually composed of an acid dairy phase (fermented base)or a natural base(milk, soymilk etc.)with an acidic medium (fruit phase: pulp, fruit concentrate etc.) which can be flavored. Sugar and stabilizers are added. It has been proved since the late 1950's that adding high methoxy pectin (HM pectin)to acid milk drinks is the best way to prevent the formation of a sediment and/or the whey off. In this presentation, we explain about stabilization mechanism of ADD induced by pectin. Applications and market trend of ADD in Asia and Europe are explained.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.381-381
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• 2011

The influence of the water vapor on the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was investigated. SWCNTs were synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition of acetylene over Fe-Mo/MgO catalyst with injection of water vapor. The morphologies and structures of the water-assisted SWCNTs were investigated according to the growth conditions such as water vapor concentrations, flow rate of the gas, furnace temperature, and growth time. Water-assisted SWCNTs exhibited large bundle morphological features with well-alignment of each CNT, while SWCNTs synthesized in the absence of water vapor showed entangled CNT with the random orientation. We also found that the diameter of the SWCNT bundle could be controlled by the growth condition. In our optimal growth condition, the product yield and the purity were 300 wt. % and 75%, which were 7.5 and 2.5 times higher than those of SWCNTs synthesized without water vapor, respectively. More detail discussion will be offered at the poster presentation.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.35
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• pp.41-69
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• 2007

This study analyzes some important implications for the forthcoming revision of eUCP through the methodology of expected utility maximization theory. The overall results are as follows. First, beneficiary with an initial wealth has a risk-averse utility in traditional letter of credit transaction, and he would be more risk-averse in eUCP transaction. Secondly, the beneficiary who has risk-averse utility will pay for the risk premium to reduce the risk of corruption of an electronic record by means of cost of loss reduction activities. Thirdly, the cost of loss reduction activities is represented by a convex cost function, Fourthly, a risk averse beneficiary pursues loss reducing activities to the point where the expected marginal product of loss reduction is less than its marginal cost. Fifthly, a more risk-averse eUCP beneficiary will always select a higher level of loss reduction as long as the effectiveness of loss reduction is certain. Sixthly, when the effectiveness of loss reduction is uncertain, the more risk-averse eUCP beneficiary does not necessarily choose a higher level of loss reducing activities. Finally, it would be more reasonable that eUCP Article 11 should protect eUCP beneficiary who pursues a higher level of loss reducing activities.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.64
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• pp.131-154
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• 2014

The International Standard Banking Practice for the Examination of Documents under UCP 600 (ISBP 745) is the product by the Drafting Group of the ICC Banking Commission during a number of years. ISBP 745 is a practical complement to UCP 600, ICC's universally used rules on documentary credits. ISBP 745 does not amend UCP 600. Two rules should be read in their entirety and not in isolation. ISBP 745 explains, in explicit detail, how the UCP 600 rules are to be applied on a day-to-day basis. It fills a needed gap between the general principles announced in UCP 600 and the daily work of the documentary credit practitioners. It has developed into an invaluable aid to banks, corporates, logistics and insurance companies alike, on a global basis. By using ISBP 745, document checkers can bring their practices in line with those followed by their colleagues worldwide. The result should be a significant reduction in the number of shipping documents refused for discrepancies on first presentation. This study aims to summarize the reasons for revision of the ISBP rules and the key-points of ISBP 745, and to provide the documentary credit practitioners with some considerations under its practical application.