Browse > Article

A Case of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in a Maltese Dog  

Jung, Hae-Won (Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University)
Lee, Hee-Chun (Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University)
Moon, Jong-Hyun (Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University)
Jung, Dong-In (Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Veterinary Clinics / v.31, no.4, 2014 , pp. 337-340 More about this Journal
Abstract
An 11-year-old male Maltese dog was presented with sudden onset of convulsion and right sided circling. On neurological examination, left side proprioception and menace reflexes were delayed. Blood examinations indicated severe thrombocytopenia and increased hepatic enzymes. On brain magnetic resonance imaging, lesions were founded on the left lateral subarachnoid space area. Those lesions showed hyperintense on T1-weighted images, hyperintense on T2-weighted images and hyperintense on fluid attenuated inversion recovery images. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed xanthochromia and erythrophagocytosis. Coagulation test results demonstrated that fibrin degradation product and D-dimer concentrations were higher than normal range. The patient expired few hours after presentation. This case report demonstrates intracranial hemorrhage with disseminated intravascular coagulation in a dog.
Keywords
intracranial hemorrhage; disseminated intravascular coagulation; dog;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Bick RL. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. Objective laboratory diagnostic criteria and guidelines for management. Clin Lab Med 1994; 14: 729-768.
2 Carey MJ, Rodgers GM. Disseminated intravascular coagulation: clinical and laboratory aspects. Am J Hematol 1998; 59: 65-73.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Coulter DM, LaPine TR, Gooch WM. Treatment to prevent postnatal loss of brain water reduces the risk of intracranial hemorrhage in the beagle puppy. Pediatr Res 1985; 19: 1322-1326.   DOI
4 Dennler M, Lange EM, Schmied O, Kaser-Hotz B. Imaging diagnosis--metastatic hemangiosarcoma causing cerebral hemorrhage in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2007; 48: 138-140.   DOI
5 Dietrich HH, Dacey RG, Jr. Molecular keys to the problems of cerebral vasospasm. Neurosurgery 2000; 46: 517-530.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Dunn KJ, Nicholls PK, Dunn JK, Herrtage ME. Intracranial haemorrhage in a dobermann puppy with von Willebrand's disease. Vet Rec 1995; 136: 635-636.   DOI
7 Feldman BF, Madewell BR, O'Neill S. Disseminated intravascular coagulation: antithrombin, plasminogen, and coagulation abnormalities in 41 dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1981; 179: 151-154.
8 Garosi LS, McConnell JF. Ischaemic stroke in dogs and humans: a comparative review. J Small Anim Pract 2005; 46: 521-529.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Huisman TA. Intracranial hemorrhage: ultrasound, CT and MRI findings. Eur Radiol 2005; 15: 434-440.   DOI
10 Kawakami Y, Ueki K, Chikama M, Shimamura Y, Naito T. Intracranial hemorrhage associated with nontraumatic disseminated intravascular coagulation--report of four cases. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 1990; 30: 610-617.   DOI
11 Kojima A, Okui S. Intracranial hemorrhage as the initial presentation of disseminated intravascular coagulation in association with malignancy. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2012; 21: 912 e911-913.
12 Levi M, Ten Cate H. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 586-592.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Lowrie M, De Risio L, Dennis R, Llabres-Diaz F, Garosi L. Concurrent medical conditions and long-term outcome in dogs with nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2012; 53: 381-388.   DOI
14 Machida T, Kokubu H, Matsuda K, Miyoshi K, Uchida E. Clinical use of D-dimer measurement for the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72: 1301-1306.   DOI
15 Mark DG, Pines JM. The detection of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: still a diagnostic challenge. Am J Emerg Med 2006; 24: 859-863.   DOI
16 Maruyama H, Miura T, Sakai M, Koie H, Yamaya Y, Shibuya H, Sato T, Watari T, Takeuchi A, Tokuriki M, Hasegawa A. The incidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation in dogs with malignant tumor. J Vet Med Sci 2004; 66: 573-575.   DOI
17 Slappendel RJ. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1988; 18: 169-184.   DOI
18 Navi BB, Reichman JS, Berlin D, Reiner AS, Panageas KS, Segal AZ, DeAngelis LM. Intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients with cancer. Neurology 2010; 74: 494-501.   DOI
19 Packer RA, Bergman RL, Coates JR, Essman SC, Weis K, O'Brien DP, Johnson GC. Intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage following lumbar myelography in two dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2007; 48: 323-327.   DOI
20 Perry JJ, Sivilotti ML, Stiell IG, Wells GA, Raymond J, Mortensen M, Symington C. Should spectrophotometry be used to identify xanthochromia in the cerebrospinal fluid of alert patients suspected of having subarachnoid hemorrhage? Stroke 2006; 37: 2467-2472.   DOI
21 Stokol T, Brooks MB, Erb HN, Mauldin GE. D-dimer concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Am J Vet Res 2000; 61: 393-398.   DOI
22 Tamura S, Tamura Y, Tsuka T, Uchida K. Sequential magnetic resonance imaging of an intracranial hematoma in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2006; 47: 142-144.   DOI
23 Thomas WB. Cerebrovascular disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1996; 26: 925-943.   DOI
24 Wiinberg B, Jensen AL, Johansson PI, Rozanski E, Tranholm M, Kristensen AT. Thromboelastographic evaluation of hemostatic function in dogs with disseminated intravascular coagulation. J Vet Intern Med 2008; 22: 357-365.   DOI
25 Yuan MK, Lai PH, Chen JY, Hsu SS, Liang HL, Yeh LR, Chen CK, Wu MT, Pan HB, Yang CF. Detection of subarachnoid hemorrhage at acute and subacute/chronic stages: comparison of four magnetic resonance imaging pulse sequences and computed tomography. J Chin Med Assoc 2005; 68: 131-137.   DOI
26 Zarelli M, Shiel R, Gallagher B, Skelly C, Cahalan S, McAllister H. Imaging diagnosis: CT findings in a dog with intracranial hemorrhage secondary to angiostrongylosis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2012; 53: 420-423.   DOI
27 Denk D, Matiasek K, Just FT, Hermanns W, Baiker K, Herbach N, Steinberg T, Fischer A. Disseminated angiostrongylosis with fatal cerebral haemorrhages in two dogs in Germany: a clinical case study. Vet Parasitol 2009; 160: 100-108.   DOI
28 Garosi LS, Platt SR, McConnell JF, Wrayt JD, Smith KC. Intracranial haemorrhage associated with Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in three dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2005; 46: 93-99.   DOI
29 Platt SR, Coates JR, Eifler DM, Edwards GL, Kent M, Bulsara KR. Effect of treatment with simvastatin and cyclosporine on neurotransmitter concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74: 1111-1117.   DOI
30 Furui T, Ichihara K, Ikeda A, Inao S, Hirai N, Yoshida J, Kageyama N. Subdural hematoma associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with advanced cancer. J Neurosurg 1983; 58: 398-401.   DOI