• 약학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.113-120
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• 1972

The last decade of this centry is now the accepted birth date of that sub-discipline of pharmacy that is now called 'biopharmceutics'. Wagner defines biopharmaceutics 'as the study of the influence of fomulation on the therapeutic activity of a drug product.' More specifically, he states that biopharmaceutics encompasses the study of the relationship between the nature and intensity of the biological effects observed in animals or man and the following factors: 1. The nature of the form of the drug (ester, salt, complex, etc). 2. The physical state, particle size, and surface area. 3. Presence or absence of adjuvants with the drug. 4. The type of dosage form in which the drug is administered. 5. The pharmaceutical process (es) used to make the dosage form. The philosophy inherent in this definition has revolutionized our thinking with respect to product development, quality control, and to the practice of pharmacy itself. Althoughthe the emphasis herein will be on quality control, the interrelationship between this and the other areas of pharmacy will be evident. The principles of quality control dictate that a wide variety of techniques be used to evaluate the quality of a dosage form. Since quality must be built into a dosage form, the pharmaceutical scientist begins the process at the research stage, continues it during the production stage, and ends it by applying the tests and procedures established by parmacopeial commissions. These stages are usually separate and distinct and, because of this, product quality has become synonymous with compliance with pharmacopeial specifications.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health care of oral prophylaxis practice lab visitors, their recognition of oral care supplies, their use of oral care supplies by type, and influential factors for their recognition and use of oral care supplies. Methods: The subjects in this study were 275 people who visited an oral prophylaxis practice lab at a university located in an urban community. The visitors were respectively interviewed from March to June, 2016, and the data from 260 respondents who properly responded were analyzed, and data from 15 visitors who provided incomplete responsees were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using the nonparametric tests, mann-whitney test and kruskal-wallis test, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS. Results: The mean score of oral care products was 2.25, the average degree of use was 0.09, and dental floss (0.29) was the most used oral care product. There was a significant difference between the groups according to gender (p<0.001), age (p<0.001) and marital status (p<0.001). Factors influencing the perception of oral care products were experience in brushing education and experience in oral care products education. Conclusions: The recognition of the oral prophylaxis practice lab visitors about oral care supplies and their use of the supplies were under the influence of oral health education. Therefore, sustained efforts should be directed into the development of efficient oral health care education programs that can inform people about the importance of oral health care, publicize oral care supplies, and encourage the use of these supplies.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.758-773
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• 2004

This paper advances the thesis that the barrier separating curriculum theorists and practitioners is more than a difference in experiential and methodological orientation and is in part a product of a lack of appreciation of the complexities involved in curriculum development and dissemination. Discussed here is the possible use of engineering theory to facilitate meaningful communication and understanding about products and development. This work is an extension of the observation that curriculum development and dissemination can be characterized as an engineering process and shows how engineering theory provides connectivity between the multiple embedded domains of theory and of practice. To illustrate the thesis this paper offers an analysis of the Developmental Approaches in Science, Health, and Technology (DASH) program that has employed engineering theory in curriculum construction and dissemination. In this study, the role and place of engineering theory as applied to the DASH program is discussed to show how the components were designed and assembled into a fully functional curriculum and dissemination system. Engineering theory is presented as an interfacing organizer with the potential to facilitate meaningful communication between theorists and practitioners.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.139-152
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• 2008

In order to survive worldwide competition, today's industries are experiencing strong pressure to introduce higher quality products with lower cost and shorter lead-time. Therefore, the role of design in the process of product development is increasing in significance. In this research, two methods for improving the design capability are proposed: construction of design environment and design automation using 3D CAD system. The designers and design process are the core of product design using 3D CAD system. In order to maximize the design performance, construction of the design environment including selection of a suitable system, designer training for best use of the system, establishment of an efficient design process, and stabilization of the environment are required. A method is suggested to construct design environment by systematizing the contents of the projects and consulting experiences carried out for various categories of business such as electronic devices, motorcycles, electricity parts, sanitary wares, injection molds, and die casing molds. Design automation helps reduce tedious and time-consuming jobs, simplify complicated and error-prone modeling and drawing works to shorten the lead time and improve the product quality. To develop a design automation system, understanding the process and the related knowledge on design are very important before implementing the system using API provided by 3D CAD system. In this research, an eight-step procedure is proposed for the development of a design automation system. These eight steps are analysis of needs, determination of specification, verification of specification using 3D CAD system, inspection of related API functions, programming, field test, application in practice, and maintenance. A case study in which five design automation systems in the design of turbine generators using the proposed method is introduced in detail. These systems play important roles in the generation of various output items including 3D models, drafts, material information, and NC data. The case study shows how effectively the design time is reduced and the quality improved using those systems.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2016

Objectives : Traditional medicine(TM) of East Asia has been taking its status as part of complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) in the UK. However, the efficacy and safety issues make it hard to be accepted in the healthcare system. The aim of the research is to find out the current status of TM of East Asia in the UK and to discuss some issues around its acceptance as formal healthcare method. Methods : Articles, books and regulations related to the acceptance of TM of East Asia were analysed and the internet websites were visited such as Westlaw UK for legal materials, government websites for formal documents, and some UK-based associations. Keyword searches were followed and the essential parts from the articles and documents were generalised for the analysis and discussion. Results : Issues over TM of East Asia include identity as medicine, efficacy and safety, and the statutory regulation can be a measure for the acceptance. Osteopathy and chiropractic therapies came under statutory regulation among the CAM in the UK. Conclusions : TM of East Asia could be under the statutory regulation in the near future. Efficacy and safety issues are the challenging barrier. However, the approach from the viewpoint of TM of East Asia is necessary for development and good practice. The simplified registration procedure for traditional herbal medicinal product in EU can be the model. Education, evaluation, assessment and managing quality of practice are essential for the standard care and formal regulation.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.109-134
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• 2012

최근 시장의 글로벌화가 가속되고, 기업경쟁이 심화되는 환경에서 R&D는 기업의 지속적인 성장과 발전에 중요한 경영요소로 대두되고 있다. 이에 성공적인 R&D 활동을 위한 프로세스 및 세부활동들을 제안하고 검증하는 연구들이 활발하게 진행되고 있고 있으며 기업의 R&D 프로세스를 평가하고 개선하고자 하는 노력 또한 지속되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 대부분의 기존 연구에서는 R&D 프로세스의 평가에 대한 구체적인 평가체계가 부재한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 프로세스의 성숙도 평가 모델로 개발된 CMMI 평가체계를 기반으로 R&D 프로세스에 적합한 평가체계를 개발하고자 한다. 특히 본 연구에서는 R&D 프로세스를 3가지 유형-신제품, 서비스, 원천기술 개발을 위한 R&D-로 구분하여 유형별 맞춤화된 프로세스 평가체계를 제안한다. 이를 위해 첫째, 유형 별 R&D 활동의 특징을 분석하고 이를 토대로 R&D 프로세스를 정의하고, 문헌 연구를 통해 각 유형에 적합한 R&D 프로세스별 세부활동을 도출한다. 그 후 CMMI 평가기법을 기반으로 한 R&D 프로세스 평가방법을 제안하며, 마지막으로 제안된 평가체계가 적용된 시스템을 구현하는 순서로 진행된다. 본 연구결과는 기업의 R&D 프로세스를 평가하고 개선하기 위한 구체적인 지침으로 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 복식
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• 제41권
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• pp.23-47
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• 1998

Ornaments is a province of the fashion. It usually express noble metals and jewel's adorn-ment as the symbol of status and riches for a long time. The ornament design of Jewels drawing project and a product by computer are increased development and as exertion as a realization of automation. Through the use of CAD software(Auto CAD R 13 & Jewel CAD) \circled1 A design development of the jewels in industrial society \circled2 A metals art & design on the dress and it's ornaments - Study about application of principle(liberal curve, arrangement of repeated form, gradual unity, rhythmical harmony) Although Auto CAD don't various expression of Jewels than a Jewel CAD, formative.scientific.funtional development of geometrical form is free. That is (to say), geometrical form is given much weigh in the general CAD, but Jewel CAD made concentrate software on the jewels design for the expression of liberal form. The CAD/CAM software for jewellery program is composed of main menu, icons, hotkeys. Changing form is derived from a definite point, curve elements of a drawing. \circled1 3-Dimensional \circled2 Easy and flexible \circled3 Bulit-in and self created library \circled4 From simple wire frame to full color images. As a CAD can practice all the creation activity effectively, from Design & Drafting Software to Rendering generally can present precise results. A point of view of the connection the scientist and art, this practicableness of CAD have a lot of possiblity of development. That will do much for the related fields of industry. Consequently, subjective intension of a creator & humanity with value plays role in practical application of the design.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2008

기업은 시장경쟁력 향상에 중요한 혁신제품개발을 위해 다각적으로 노력하고 있으나, 국내 대학은 혁신제품개발 전문인력 양성을 위한 교육과정 체계가 미흡하다. 본 연구는 혁신제품개발 교육과정 개발에 활용될 수 있는 교육주제, 교육방식, 그리고 산학연계방식에 대해 학생과 실무자의 요구사항을 파악하고자 하였다. 문헌조사를 통해 7개 부문(기획, 타당성 분석, concept 개발, 제품 설계, 제조 공정 설계, 생산, 윤리와 법)의 46개 제품개발 교육주제가 선정되었다. 제품개발 관련 과목 수강생(53명)과 관련업무 종사자(36명)를 대상으로 선정된 교육주제의 선호도(학생)/중요도(실무자), 교육방식 및 산학연계방식에 대한 의견이 조사되었다. 설문 분석 결과, 7개 교육 부문에 대해 학생은 균형 있는 교육을 선호하는 반면 실무자는 기획과 concept 개발 부문이 상대적으로 중요하게 교육되어야 한다고 응답하였으며, 교육주제들 중 6가지(제품개발전략, 고객요구조사, 시장조사, concept 창출 방법, 디자인 idea 생성방법, 인간공학 디자인)에 대해 학생과 실무자가 공통적으로 선호 혹은 중요시하는 것으로 파악되었다. 또한, 학생은 다양한 교육방식(이론, 토론, 발표, 실습, 사례연구)의 균형 있는 운영을 선호하며 각 교육방식에 대한 요구사항을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 산학연계방식에 대해 학생은 산업체와의 연계를 통한 실무학습 기회를 희망하였으며, 실무자는 학교와 산업체가 상호 혜택을 제공할 수 있는 방안들을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 파악된 학생과 실무자의 요구사항은 혁신제품개발 전문인력 양성을 위한 교과과정 개발 시 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.242-257
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• 2014

Researchers have employed a diversity of definitions and measurement methods for creativity. As a result, creativity research is underrepresented in the literature and the findings of different studies often prove difficult to draw into a coherent body of understanding. With regard to assessment, there are some important problems both in creativity research and practice, such as originality bias and Big-C creativity bias in teachers' perceptions about creativity and creative thinking, and additive rather than multiplicative scoring systems of creativity assessment. Drawing upon most widely accepted conceptions of the creativity construct, I defined 'student's scientific creativity' as the ability to make a product both original and useful to the student in terms of little-c creativity, and 'scientist's scientific creativity' as the ability to come up with a product both original and useful to the science community in terms of Big-C creativity. In this study, an 'Assessment Formula for Scientific Creativity' was developed, which is consisted of the multiplication of originality and usefulness scores rather than the sum of the two scores, and then, with scores calculated from the assessment formula, the scientific explanations generated by children were categorized into four types: routine, useful, original, and creative types. The assessment formula was revealed to be both valid and reliable. The implications of the assessment formula for scientific creativity are examined. The new assessment formula may contribute to the comprehensive understanding of scientific creativity to guide future research and the appropriate interpretation of previous studies.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제13D권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2006

제품 계열 공학(Product Line Engineering, PLE)은 도메인에서 멤버들이 갖는 공통 휘처를 재사용 가능한 핵심 자산으로 만들고, 만들어진 핵심 자산을 이용해서 애플리케이션을 개발하는 방법론이다. PLE는 핵심 자산을 개발해서 재사용하므로, 개발비용을 감소시키며 자산의 재사용성을 증가시킬 수 있다. 지금까지 여러 개의 PLE 방법론이 소개되었으나, 표준화된 PLE 방법론이 존재하지 않기 때문에, 방법론이 제시하는 프로세스나 산출물 등에서 차이가 크며, 산업계에서는 PLE 방법론을 채택하는데 어려움이 있다. 이에 프로세스의 선택과 효율적인 활용을 위해서 기존의 여러 방법론을 비교 분석하는 작업이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 FAST, SEI SPL, PuLSE, Bosch의 제품 계열 프로세스, FOPLE, ESAPS, KobrA/PoLITe, Alexandria COPA, QADA 방법론 등 대표적인 PLE 방법론을 프로세스, 산출물, 적용 지침 측면 별로 비교 기준을 나누고, 비교 기준에 따라서 비교 평가를 수행한다. 또한 방법론간 공통성이 큰 항목과 적은 항목을 확인해서, PLE 방법론이 포함해야 하는 요소와 각 방법론이 개선해야 하는 사항을 확인한다. 본 논문은 적절한 프로세스를 선택 또는 재정의하는 과정에서 활용할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 향후 PLE 개발 방범론의 표준을 정의하는 과정에서 기반이 될 수 있을 것이다.