• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.406-414
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• 2004

Resveratrol, which is both a phytoalexin with antifungal activity and a phytochemical associated with reduced cancer risk and reduced cardiovascular disease, is synthesized in a limited number of plant species including peanut. Resveratrol synthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme stilbene synthase including resveratrol synthase (RS). Resveratrol synthase gene (RS3) obtained from peanut, Arachis hypogaea, Fabaceae has been transferred into chinese foxglove, Rehmannia glutinosa by using Agrobacterium mediated transformation. RS t-DNA introduced to chinese foxglove (R. glutinosa L) by transformation and its reaction product, $resveratrol-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ was isolated and characterized using HPLC. Also its biological effects was tested in inhibition of the lipid peroxidation of mouse LDL by glycosylated stilbenes derivatives obtained from transgenic plants. $Resveratrol-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ isolated from transgenic R. glutinosa L. showed antimicrobial activity of the growth inhibition zone against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Therefore, this compound can be contributed to be useful as a phytoalexin for plant health as well as a phytochemical for human health.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.23-48
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• 2013

This study shows that a sustainable competitive advantage and entrepreneurial characteristics are necessary for a software company to achieve competitive innovation and growth. This study investigates various software company characteristics and the effects of various company factors as its main research objectives. The data used in this research model were collected from software companies in South Korea. A total of 211 questionnaires were collected over a period of two months in 2013. EXCEL, AMOS, and SPSS were used to derive the study results. The hypothesis testing results of this study are as follows. First, a software company's entrepreneurial innovativeness and risk-taking behaviors have a positive influence on software innovativeness. A greater sense of innovativeness and entrepreneurial orientation leads to a higher propensity to take risks in software development. Second, the characteristics of software innovativeness, and flexibility have a significant influence on software company performance. Innovation during the initial periods of software usage can create a high demand for improvements and new features, requiring a flexible software design. Finally, this study analyzes the software features of entrepreneurial characteristics and the influence of institutional factors on the characteristics of individual innovativeness and software development. Entrepreneurial characteristics can affect governmental or institutional support, policies, and legal frameworks to promote the role of software innovativeness. The results of this study imply that software companies can adopt an entrepreneurial approach to promote technology development and product development for achieving a competitive advantage in the industry. This study also analyzes the environmental factors that affect the software industry and their implications for policy makers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.565-570
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• 2013

Objectives: To describe the development and validation of a cancer awareness questionnaire (CAQ) based on a literature review of previous studies, focusing on cancer awareness and prevention. Materials and Methods: A total of 388 Chinese undergraduate students in a private university in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, were recruited to evaluate the developed self-administered questionnaire. The CAQ consisted of four sections: awareness of cancer warning signs and screening tests; knowledge of cancer risk factors; barriers in seeking medical advice; and attitudes towards cancer and cancer prevention. The questionnaire was evaluated for construct validity using principal component analysis and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha (${\alpha}$) coefficient. Test-retest reliability was assessed with a 10-14 days interval and measured using Pearson product-moment correlation. Results: The initial 77-item CAQ was reduced to 63 items, with satisfactory construct validity, and a high total internal consistency (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$=0.77). A total of 143 students completed the questionnaire for the test-retest reliability obtaining a correlation of 0.72 (p<0.001) overall. Conclusions: The CAQ could provide a reliable and valid measure that can be used to assess cancer awareness among local Chinese undergraduate students. However, further studies among students from different backgrounds (e.g. ethnicity) are required in order to facilitate the use of the cancer awareness questionnaire among all university students.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2002

Cigarette smoking contributes to lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, oral diseases, etc. In desire to reduce their risk of disease, many cigarette smokers have tried to quit smoking. Sensory aspects of cigarette smoke are important for providing smoking satisfaction. Previously it was reported that citric acid aerosol significantly reduced craving for cigarettes and enhances smoking reduction and cessation. In this study, we tested whether a newly combined product Ciga-X, an aerosol for cessation aid, had toxicity in human embryonic lung fibroblast (MRC-9). The inhibitory effect of Ciga-X on cytotoxicity induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or nicotine was examined in MRC-9, and craving for cigarettes and smorkers satisfaction after using Ciga-X was estimated. Ciga-X did not affect cell viability and had no toxicity in MRC-9. Ciga-X significantly inhibited not only CSE-induced cytotoxicity but also nicotine-induced cytotoxicity in MRC-9. One hundred and forty smokers rated the satisfaction for Ciga-X aerosol and craving reduction for cigarettes after using Ciga-X. The percentage of over 5 rating was 71.0% and 50.0% of subjects in satisfaction test for Ciga-X compared to their own brand and in craving reduction for cigarette, respectively. Besides, craving reduction for cigarette was highly correlated with the duration of smoking. Subjects have smoked under 10 years were more reduced in craving for cigarettes after using Ciga-X as compared to over 10 years (p=0.049). These results suggest that Ciga-X may be effective in promoting smoking abstinence with the reduction of CSE- or nicotine-induced human lung fibroblasts cytotoxicity.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.307-316
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• 2018

In this study, the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) of hydrogen production process by using the Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 was conducted and advanced methodology to compensate the weakness of previous FMEA methodology was applied. To bring out more quantitative and precise FMEA result for bio-hydrogen production process, fuzzy logic and potential loss cost estimated from ASPEN Capital Cost Estimator (ACCE) was introduced. Consequently, risk for releasing the flammable gases via internal leakage of steam tube which to control the operating temperature of main reactor was caution status in FMEA result without applying the fuzzification and ACCE. Moreover, probability of the steam tube plugging caused by solid property like medium was still caution status. As to apply the fuzzy logic and potential loss cost estimated from ACCE, a couple of caution status was unexpectedly upgraded to high dangerous status since the potential loss cost of steam tube for main reactor and decrease in product gases are higher than expected.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.103-108
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• 2015

Production of foreign proteins by transgenic plant cell cultures has several advantages such as post-translational modification, low risk of product contamination and low-cost production and purification. However, target proteins are degraded by extracellular proteases existing in the media. A solution to this problem is the use of perfusion culture and ion exchange chromatography for the application of integrated bioprocess using in situ recovery. With this method, production of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) was investigated in this study. First, optimization of cell concentration during the induction phase for the production of hGM-CSF was examined. As cell concentration increased, the level of hGM-CSF was decreased due to the presence of extracellular proteases. Induction using sugarfree media produced 33% more hGM-CSF. The effects of pH on the binding of hGM-CSF to cationic and anionic exchange resins were also investigated. In terms of stability, optimal pH was found to be 5~7. In the case of using buffer exchange when CM-Sepharose was used as a cationic exchange resin, optimal pH for binding was 4.8 and adsorption yield was 77%. When DEAE-Sepharose was used as an anionic exchange resin, it was 5.5 (74%). Without buffer exchange, optimal pH was 4.6 (84%). From these results, an integrated bioprocess using in situ recovery with simultaneous production and separation of foreign protein in transgenic plant cell suspension cultures was found to be feasible.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.291-301
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that affect the perceived awareness and the intention of continuous use by FinTech users and system characteristics. Data collection was carried out by targeting and surveying 600 people living in Gwangju, and office workers using smartphones. As a result, first, self-efficacy, innovation, and fitness for Fin-Tech services were found to influence the degree of perceptual awareness and intent to use of Fin-tech service users. Second, the system characteristics have a positive effect on perceived awareness and intention of using FinTech service. Third, the hypothesis about the dangers in the user attributes and system properties were dismissed. It seems that the priority concern was regarding the leakage of personal information and security as privacy and the increasing damage cases of financial fraud by electronic financial transactions spill. Therefore, in order to spread FinTech services, it would be effective if a Fin-Tech service strategy could eliminate inconveniences such as the risk of hindering convenience and intention to use by the marketing strategy established by the company.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2012

Organizations pursue a CRM strategy for the purpose of increasing business performance and value. However, firms face a multitude of organizational challenges associated with this endeavor. To reduce their risk of failure, it is suggested that firms undertake a deep analysis of organizational readiness prior to committing to a CRM initiative. Insurance sector is no exception to this fact. There is an increased need to concentrate on the various challenges thrown open by the public insurance firms in implementing CRM. Many insurance firms have invested into customer driven CRM but research indicates varying outcomes (Schmith 2004). While it is clear that there are significant issues involved in the CRM implementation and success and environment faced by the public sector. It is clear that business should have an easier time in applying CRM systems is the strategic value for public sector. With customers demanding more service and accessibility from administrators, public sector CRM software technologies have to offer best solutions for achieving process and cost objectives (Souder 2001). With results which go far beyond improved service delivery and include sustained cost reductions, increased customer knowledge and better employee morale, CRM software implementation and post product environments offer great upside value. Although there are material differences in public sector use of CRM strategy, they share at least one glaring similarity - they have much to gain from proven CRM software technology. As business methods cross over in the public sector, many government bodies are investigating how they can adopt and adapt various CRM models (Bleyer 2003). There is a need to understand the similarities and differences in public sector CRM to foster shared knowledge, business processes and planning functions to integrate disparate technologies and software platforms and then, of course, the organizational culture to support knowledge sharing (Peters 1997). For the public sector, there are clearly identified CRM processes which have resulted in increased profits and improved efficiency. These have focused on sales, marketing and customer service activities, which often operate along fundamentally different lines in various public sector insurance companies. Thus the present research paper makes an attempt to explore how public sector CRM methods can be adopted and subsequently adapted.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). ACS patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and took medicine during phase II of rehabilitation were recruited for study. Subjects were divided into two groups; exercise group (EX, n=21) and a non-exercise group (non-EX, n=13). Supervised exercise program in hospital consisted of treadmill and bicycle exercise was performed three times per week for 6 weeks. Patients of EX received individual counseling, including knowledge of heart disease, risk factor modification, and physical training. Cardiopulmonary fitness, body composition, and biochemical blood factors were analyzed before and after experiment. There was no significant difference in serum levels of hs-CRP and TGF-${\beta}1$ between groups, and between time intervals. But there was a significant decrease in serum levels of IL-18 (P<.001). And there was a significant increase in ratio of IL-18 to IL-10 (P<.01) and serum levels of IL-10 (P<.001). After cardiac rehabilitation, there was significant increase in exercise duration (P<.001), maximal oxygen uptake ($VO_{2peak}$; P<.001) and decrease in submaximal rate-pressure product (sRPP; P<.05) in EX. In conclusion, exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation during phase II in patients with ACS after PCI decreased serum IL-18 (pro-inflammatory) content and ratio of IL-18 to IL-10 in serum (highly related with disease recurrence), and increased serum IL-10 (anti-inflammatory) content. In addition, it led to improved cardiopulmonary fitness.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.14 no.4 s.38
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• pp.71-77
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• 2006

Support Vector Machine (SVM) which has roots in a statistical learning theory is a training algorithm based on structural risk minimization. Generally, SVM algorithm uses the kernel for determining a linearly non-separable boundary and classifying the data. But, classical kernels can not apply to effectively the hyperspectral image classification because it measures similarity using vector's dot-product or euclidian distance. So, This paper proposes the spectral similarity kernel to solve this problem. The spectral similariy kernel that calculate both vector's euclidian and angle distance is a local kernel, it can effectively consider a reflectance property of hyperspectral image. For validating our algorithm, SVM which used polynomial kernel, RBF kernel and proposed kernel was applied to land cover classification in Hyperion image. It appears that SVM classifier using spectral similarity kernel has the most outstanding result in qualitative and spatial estimation.