• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.125-130
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• 2007

Recently, the paradigms of residential planing are changing by digitalization, diversity and globalization. Since the infortance of residential living behavior and lifestyle have been recognizing, house can be perceived as a lifestyle engineering product which realizes lifestyle in a concrete way. The purpose of this research scrutinizes lifestyles through resident's value and preference of everyday living behavior in the residential, special contact. This research was conducted through the small group workshop to housewives divided into three groups such as the age 30-40s, 45-55s, 60-70s group. The workshop consisted of three stages, such as the awareness of family and home, the satisfaction of residential space, the value and preference of everyday living behavior. This study shows that Lifestyle characterize by ages, differences of living pattern and individual traits. The 30-40s' housewives relate to foster of a preschool child and it makes load of household. their characteristic is the preference of rest as releasing stresses. The 44-55s' housewives have self-oriented traits. they pursue own space and interaction with others. The 60-70s' housewives require natural interaction with family more than private space and an open view.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1665-1671
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• 2009

Anaerobic digestion sludge was cultivated in an electrochemical bioreactor (ECB) to enrich the hydrogenotrophic methanogens. A modified graphite felt cathode with neutral red (NR-cathode) was charged with electrochemical reducing power generated from a solar cell. The methane and carbon dioxide collected in a Teflon bag from the ECB were more than 80 ml/l of reactant/day and less than 20 ml/l of reactant/day, respectively, whereas the methane and carbon dioxide collected from a conventional bioreactor (CB) was around 40 ml/l of reactant/day, respectively. Moreover, the maximal volume ratios of methane to carbon dioxide (M/C ratio) collected in the Teflon bag from the ECB and CB were 7 and 1, respectively. The most predominant methanogens isolated from the CB on the $20^{th}$, $80^{th}$, and $150^{th}$ days of incubation were hydrogenotrophs. The methanogenic diversity analyzed by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) of the 16S rDNA variable region was higher in the ECB than in the CB. The DNA extracted from the TGGE bands was more than 95% homologous with hydrogenotrophic methanogens in the ECB, but was an aceticlastic methanogen in the CB. In conclusion, the ECB was demonstrated as a useful system for enriching hydrogenotrophic methanogens and increasing the M/C ratio of the gas product.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.113-119
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• 2005

O-methylation mediated by O-methyltransferases (OMTs) is a common modification in natural product biosynthesis and contributes to diversity of secondary metabolites. OMTs use phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, other phenolics and alkaloids as substrates, and share common domains for S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) and substrate binding. We searched Arabiposis genome and found 17 OMTs genes (AtOMTs). AdoMet- and substrate-binding sites were predicted. AdoMet binding domain of AtOMTs is highly conserved, while substrate-binding domain is diverse, indicating use of different substrates. In addition, expressions of six AtOMT genes in response to UV and in different tissues were investigated using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. All the AtOMTs investigated were expressed under normal growth condition and most, except AtOMT10, were induced after UV illumination. AtOMT1 and AtOMT8 were expressed in all the tissues, whereas AtOMT10 showed flower-specific expression. Analysis of these AtOMT gene expressions could provide some clues on AtOMT involvement in the cellular processes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.1092-1096
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• 2020

YjiC, a glycosyltransferase from Bacillus licheniformis, is a well-known versatile enzyme for glycosylation of diverse substrates. Although a number of O-glycosylated products have been produced using YjiC, no report has been updated for nucleophilic N-, S-, and C- glycosylation. Here, we report the additional functional capacity of YjiC for nucleophilic N- and S- glycosylation using a broad substrate spectrum including UDP-α-D-glucose, UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine, UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid, TDP-α-L-rhamnose, TDP-α-D-viosamine, and GDP-α-L-fucose as donor and various amine and thiol groups containing natural products as acceptor substrates. The results revealed YjiC as a promiscuous enzyme for conjugating diverse sugars at amine and thiol functional groups of small molecules applicable for generating glycofunctionalized chemical diversity libraries. The glycosylated products were analyzed using HPLC and LC/MS and compared with previous reports.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.373-376
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• 2001

In this paper to cope with the reduction of products life-cycle as the variety of products along with the various demands of consumers, a virtual simulator is developed to make the changeover of manufacturing line efficient to embody a virtual simulation similar to a real manufacturing line. The developed virtual simulator can design a layout of a factory and make the time scheduling. Every factory has one simulator so that one product can be manufactured in the factories to use them as virtual factories. We suggest a scheme that heightens the ability to the diversity of manufacturing models by making the information of manufacturing lines and products models to be shared. The developed system embodies a virtual manufacturing line on the simulation using various manipulators and work cells as manufacturing components. we develop a virtual simulator system on Window 98/NT environment of Microsoft, operating system using of the greater part of PC user. Window program have a merit making GUI environment that programmer can use without the expert knowledge about hardware. A suer with the simulator can utilize an interface that makes one to manage the separate task process for each manufacturing module, change operator components and work cells, and easily teach tasks of each task module.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.890-905
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• 2011

This study investigated service quality perception, purchase satisfaction, recommendation intention, and switching intention of fashion consumers according to the types of internet shopping malls. The survey was conducted from February 7 to 21 in 2011, and 294 responses were used in the data analysis. The statistical analysis methods were frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, ANOVA, and regression analysis. The result of the service quality perception of internet fashion consumers was classified by site characteristics, reliability, enjoyment, product diversity, responsibility, security, and order convenience. There were significant differences in the site characteristics, reliability, enjoyment, responsibility, and security of service quality perception by the types of internet shopping malls. In addition, the factors of service quality perception that could affect the purchase satisfaction of fashion consumers showed differently according to the types of internet shopping malls. The purchase satisfaction of fashion consumers influenced the recommendation intention in all types of internet shopping malls and the purchase satisfaction influenced the switching intention in fashion specialized internet shopping malls.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1999.08a
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• pp.119-125
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• 1999

At Wire Rod Mill Plant, wire is made of the billet produced at continuous casting machine, or rolled bloom produced at billeting mill, and the product can be classified of wire of 5.5${\Phi}$ and bar in coil of 14∼42${\Phi}$ in diameter(bar in coil will be referred to as coil as below). At present, wire is produced at POSCO No.1, 2, 3 WRM, coil at garret line of No. 2 WRM. Head and tail of coil are properly cut and treated to scrap to fulfill the customer's satisfaction. This above cutting is done off line, and small size coil can be cut manually with clipper, large size coil with hydraulic cutter. Nowadays, it is being investigated to cut automatically in line with trimming shear after passing mill stand. At the moment, Because the coil produced at the garret line of No.2 WRM is hot 400∼600$^{\circ}C$ and trimming is done manually with cutter, there are always interference from manual operation or safety problem of bad working condition. Not only because of the diversity of the coil size 14∼42${\Phi}$ in diameter, but because of the rolling speed 2.5∼22m/sec, it is required to be equipped with several trimming shear. But this can be accomplished with only one shear installed proper place at this paper.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.307-313
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• 2014

This study was conducted to distinguish the pines that are too similar to differentiate using conventional methods. Pinus densiflora and Pinus sylvestris have similar anatomical structure. They both have window-like pits and dentate ray tracheids, so it is not easy to distinguish the plants. We tried to find molecular markers by comparing chloroplast DNA sequences to differentiate the pines growing in Korea. We used P. densiflora, P. densiflora for. multicaulis, P. sylvestris, P. rigida, P. rigitaeda, P. koraiensis, and P. bungeana for this study. We found that the non-coding intergenic region of trnT(UGU) and trnL(UAA) genes have differences among the species. We designed a primer set to amplify the region efficiently and compared the PCR product sequences using CLC Workbench programs to find the polymorphism. We could distinguish the species using the sequences of the amplified region and the sequences were reproducible from the pines collected in Korea.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.258-268
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• 2004

We demonstrate rotationally invariant space-time (ST) trellis codes with a 4-D rectangular signal constellation for data transmission over fading channels using two transmit antennas. The rotational invariance is a good property to have that may alleviate the task of the carrier phase tracking circuit in the receiver. The transmitted data stream is segmented into eight bit blocks and quadrature amplitude modulated using a 256 point 4-D signal constellation whose 2-D constituent constellation is a 16 point square constellation doubly partitioned. The 4-D signal constellation is simply the Cartesian product of the 2-D signal constellation with it-self and has 32 subsets. The partition is performed on one side into four subsets A, B, C, and D with increased minimum-squared Euclidian distance, and on the other side into four rings, where each ring includes four points of equal energy. We propose both linear and nonlinear ST trellis codes and perform simulations using an appropriate multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel model. The 4-D ST codes constructed here demonstrate about the same frame error rate (FER) performance as their 2-D counterparts, having however the added value of rotational invariance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.3 s.110
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• pp.43-55
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• 2005

Since 1990s, increasing number of public arts have been installed in housing projects in Korea. Most of them were made of granite, bronze and stainless steel and were sculptures as well. Then it resulted in monotony. New technology and community need various Dials in material and genre of Public art. The author wonders if people really want granite sculpture, so started the study of public arts in housing projects. Unfortunately most of people related public art wanted granite sculpture. But there were some hope in survey. They wanted the other genre and material like ceramic wall, art fountain and landmark tower. This means that they care about real world like vandalism and Product Liability, but also want more fantastic and beautiful world in the second step. Recently, the facades of apartments are changing rapidly as more diverse materials in their forms, textures, and colors. And landscape designs are changing their clothes in every second as well. According to these flows public arts in apartments needs more diversified trial within genres and materials to avoid monotonous outdoor.