• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.17-33
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• 2019

Objectives : The verse, "冬不藏精, 春必病溫", which had much influence, has been falsely referenced as contents of "Neijing". This study aims to examine this process, while looking at its theoretical meaning within clinical practice. Methods : The origins of the concept "冬不藏精, 春必病溫" are explained through annotations of "Neijing" and Li Dong Yuan(李東垣)'s interpretation of Shanghan(傷寒), while its clinical meaning is examined through theories of doctors's who applied the concept in their practices. Results : The beginning of "冬不藏精, 春必病溫" could be traced back to Li's annotation of the verse "冬傷于寒, 春必病溫" from the "Neijing", where he based his understanding on the concept "少陰不藏." Since then, the discourse on "冬傷于寒, 春必病溫" has been replaced by "冬不藏精, 春必病溫" as a new concept to explain the pathology of Wenbing(溫病). These discussions followed the line of thought that by failure to store Jing(精) during the winter, Cold pathogen would infiltrate, hiding itself in Shaoyin(少陰). Various arguments on how the Cold pathogen would develop into Wenbing and its treatment followed. Conclusions : "冬不藏精, 春必病溫" can be understood as the result of a new interpretation of "冬傷于寒, 春必病溫" through the perspective of Cold pathogen infiltration based on "少陰不藏".

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.490-498
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• 2022

The current study aimed to verify the image segmentation ability of rays in tangential thin sections of conifers using artificial intelligence technology. The applied model was Mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) and softwoods (viz. Picea jezoensis, Larix gmelinii, Abies nephrolepis, Abies koreana, Ginkgo biloba, Taxus cuspidata, Cryptomeria japonica, Cedrus deodara, Pinus koraiensis) were selected for the study. To take digital pictures, thin sections of thickness 10-15 ㎛ were cut using a microtome, and then stained using a 1:1 mixture of 0.5% astra blue and 1% safranin. In the digital images, rays were selected as detection objects, and Computer Vision Annotation Tool was used to annotate the rays in the training images taken from the tangential sections of the woods. The performance of the Mask R-CNN applied to select rays was as high as 0.837 mean average precision and saving the time more than half of that required for Ground Truth. During the image analysis process, however, division of the rays into two or more rays occurred. This caused some errors in the measurement of the ray height. To improve the image processing algorithms, further work on combining the fragments of a ray into one ray segment, and increasing the precision of the boundary between rays and the neighboring tissues is required.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.3-18
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• 2022

This study focuses on transtextuality of Easter egg and its effect on replayability. This paper categorizes Easter eggs of digital game into five types based on game elements, and applies Gerard Genette's transtextuality theory by analyzing function and meaning of Easter eggs based on quotation, allusion, and annotation of intertext and paratext. In conclusion, Easter eggs as transtext form game ritual by linking inside and outside of the game, as well as developers and players. Through this process, Easter egg enhances replayability of digital games by extending the narrative of the game.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.1105-1109
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• 2023

Pedi coccus acidilactici CACC 537 was isolated from canine feces and reported to have probiotic properties. We aimed to characterize the potential probiotic properties of this strain by functional genomic analysis. Complete genome sequencing of P. acidilactici CACC 537 was performed using a PacBio RSII and Illumina platform, and contained one circular chromosome (2.0 Mb) with a 42% G + C content. The sequences were annotation revealed 1,897 protein-coding sequences, 15 rRNAs, and 56 tRNAs. It was determined that P. acidilactici CACC 537 genome carries genes known to be involved in the immune system, defense mechanisms, restriction-modification (R-M), and the CRISPR system. CACC 537 was shown to be beneficial in preventing pathogen infection during the fermentation process, help host immunity, and maintain intestinal health. These results provide for a comprehensive understanding of P. acidilactici and the development of industrial probiotic feed additives that can help improve host immunity and intestinal health.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.95-111
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• 2021

As the population decreases in an aging society, the average age of drivers increases. Accordingly, the elderly at high risk of being in an accident need autonomous-driving vehicles. In order to secure driving safety on the road, several technologies to respond to various obstacles are required in those vehicles. Among them, technology is required to recognize static obstacles, such as poor road conditions, as well as dynamic obstacles, such as vehicles, bicycles, and people, that may be encountered while driving. In this study, we propose a deep neural network algorithm capable of simultaneously detecting these two types of obstacle. For this algorithm, we used 1,418 road images and produced annotation data that marks seven categories of dynamic obstacles and labels images to indicate road damage. As a result of training, dynamic obstacles were detected with an average accuracy of 46.22%, and road surface damage was detected with a mean intersection over union of 74.71%. In addition, the average elapsed time required to process a single image is 89ms, and this algorithm is suitable for personal mobility vehicles that are slower than ordinary vehicles. In the future, it is expected that driving safety with personal mobility vehicles will be improved by utilizing technology that detects road obstacles.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.6_1
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• pp.1371-1388
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• 2023

Floods are becoming more severe and frequent due to global warming-induced climate change. Water disasters are rising in Korea due to severe rainfall and wet seasons. This makes preventive climate change measures and efficient water catastrophe responses crucial, and synthetic aperture radar satellite imagery can help. This research created 1,423 water body learning datasets for individual water body regions along the Han and Nakdong waterways to reflect domestic water body properties discovered by Sentinel-1 satellite radar imagery. We created a document with exact data annotation criteria for many situations. After the dataset was processed, U-Net, a deep learning model, analyzed water body detection results. The results from applying the learned model to water body locations not involved in the learning process were studied to validate soil water body monitoring on a national scale. The analysis showed that the created water body area detected water bodies accurately (F1-Score: 0.987, Intersection over Union [IoU]: 0.955). Other domestic water body regions not used for training and evaluation showed similar accuracy (F1-Score: 0.941, IoU: 0.89). Both outcomes showed that the computer accurately spotted water bodies in most areas, however tiny streams and gloomy areas had problems. This work should improve water resource change and disaster damage surveillance. Future studies will likely include more water body attribute datasets. Such databases could help manage and monitor water bodies nationwide and shed light on misclassified regions.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2000

While various types of information can be mixed in a continuous video stream without any cleat boundary, the meaning of a video scene can be interpreted by multiple levels of abstraction, and its description can be varied among different users. Therefore, for the content-based retrieval in video data it is important for a user to be able to describe a scene flexibly while the description given by different users should be maintained consistently This paper proposes an effective way to represent the different types of video information in conventional database models such as the relational and object-oriented models. Flexibly defined attributes and their values are organized as tree-structured dictionaries while the description of video data is stored in a fixed database schema. We also introduce several browsing methods to assist a user. The dictionary browser simplifies the annotation process as well as the querying process of a user while the result browser can help a user analyze the results of a query in terms of various combinations of Query conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.7
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• pp.89-108
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is not only to trace the examples of 'Chesanja' from the texts and artifacts, but also to restore the terminology of the lost traditional Joseon embroidery technique. 'Chesanja' came on Mongolia and Yuan period affected embroidery techniques of the neighboring countries. Therefore, this study will focus on investigate the process of changing 'Chesanja' into Guya(Goya) through ${\ll}Barktonsa{\gg}$ the foreign language transcriptions of the Chosun dynasty, and examine the generation, fashion, and destruction of this technique with the social technical usage. Around the 16th century of the Joseon Dynasty, 'Chesanja' had been actively used as a decorative techniques to dairy products as well as a Buddhist memorial goods embroidered. Accor- dingly, in the "Beonnyeok-Baktongsa"(1515) appeared together written records with 'Chesanja' 'Gwiyeo[귀여]' the Eonhae(Korean annotation) only had emerged in the Joseon Dynasty. It was still a technique to decorate the edges of royal pillow in the mid-17th century. And we have checked from the text "Baktongsaeonhae"(1677) also. Despite this by the mid-18th century, the term in "Baktongsa-sinseok"(1765) and "Baktongsa-sinseok-eonhae"(1765) had disappeared. This phenomenon suggests the possibility that the production and utilization of 'Chesanja' required the sophisticated process for the ruling class had been declined with the custom of embroidery based on the gradation by colorful threads as the preferred technique. Therefore, 'Chesanja' and 'Gwiyeo'[귀여] disappeared from the records but they can be found in the artifacts of the royal family of 19th century. So Chesanja is calls Guya(Goya) and exists as unique technic only in the royal family.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.1
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• pp.105-112
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• 2002

In order to process video data effectively, we need to save its content on database and a content-based retrieval method which processes various queries of all users is required. In this paper, we present VRS(Video Retrieval System) which provides similarity query, SQBE(Scene Query By Example) query, and content-based retrieval by combining the feature-based retrieval and the annotation-based retrieval. The SQBE query makes it possible for a user to retrieve scones more exactly by inserting and deleting objects based on a retrieved scene. We proposed query language and query processing algorithm for SQBE query, and carried out performance evaluation on similarity retrieval. The proposed system is implemented with Visual C++ and Oracle.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.525-530
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• 2013

The ascarids, Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina, are probably the most common gastrointestinal helminths encountered in dogs. In order to understand biological differences of 2 ascarids, we analyzed gene expression profiles of female adults of T. canis and T. leonina using CLC Genomics Workbench, and the results were compared with those of free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. A total of 2,880 and 7,949 ESTs were collected from T. leonina and T. canis, respectively. The length of ESTs ranged from 106 to 4,637 bp with an average insert size of 820 bp. Overall, our results showed that most functional gene annotations of 2 ascarids were quite similar to each other in 3 major categories, i.e., cellular component, biological process, and molecular function. Although some different transcript expression categories were found, the distance was short and it was not enough to explain their different lifestyles. However, we found distinguished transcript differences between ascarid parasites and free-living nematodes. Understanding evolutionary genetic changes might be helpful for studies of the lifestyle and evolution of parasites.