• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.129-154
• /
• 2021

As our society and industry develop, disputes are becoming ever more complicated and diversified to the point that it is alleged that dispute resolution by court proceedings has certain limits and setbacks. Therefore, it is commonly suggested that mediation by a qualified mediator should come as an alternative method, and there have been many attempts to establish and provide mediation service in the courts and government authorities. To comply with a party's autonomy, which is the essential basis of mediation, and to promote the use of mediation, it is highly recommended that private mediation, rather than court-driven or administrative mediation, shall take the initiative. In the meantime, despite a number of academic research and attempts to increase the awareness and use of mediation nationwide, we have not yet seen meaningful developments due to the longstanding misunderstanding and discredit of mediation. In contrast, Italy has begun to revitalize mediation by enacting 'Legislative Decree No. 28/2020' following the 'Directive 2008/52EC' of the European Parliament and encouraging the so-called via-mediation policy. It is acknowledged to have significantly contributed to the development of private mediation in Italy and the increased use of mediation as a dispute resolution method. It shall be particularly noted that Italy's mediation proceedings have certain traits, including preliminary mediation meetings, mandatory involvement of legal counsel, and tax benefits for the settled cases by mediation. Italy's efforts would provide people with meaningful lessons and perspectives. As society strives to promote private mediation to distribute and utilize the judicial resources' inefficient ways, institutions need to develop practical measures to increase the number of civil and commercial disputes in the mediation proceedings. To that end, legislative efforts to enact relevant laws necessary to provide incentives to disputing parties and establish integrated education and certification programs to train qualified mediators need to start soon.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• 제56권5호
• /
• pp.461-472
• /
• 2018

Using a sample of third grade middle school students from the forth wave of Children and Youth Panel Survey in 2012, the mediation effects of private educational expenditure between parenting styles and children's academic performance were investigated by applying factor, cluster, tobit, and two stage regression analysis. The major results were as follows. First, four types of parenting style were identified. The most frequent parenting style was ambivalent parenting (tiger parenting) which was followed by authoritative parenting. Second, compared to permissive parenting style, ambivalent, authoritative, and authoritarian parenting styles were significantly associated with more private educational expenditures. Third, more private educational expenditures were significantly associated with higher academic performance of children. I found both a full mediation effect of private educational expenditure for ambivalent and authoritarian parenting styles, and a partial mediation effect for authoritative parents. Authoritative parenting style has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between household income and private educational expenditure, along with a positive direct effect on the academic performance of children. The results suggested that an authoritative parenting style was related with higher academic performance of children with less private educational expenditures compared to other parenting styles. The results also implied that the public policies to enhance authoritative parenting style among parents would be effective to reduce household's private educational expenditures.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.121-142
• /
• 2017

A study on the global trend of accreditation for mediators implies many important aspects of controlling of the quality of mediation. Firstly, whether or not having an accreditation system, most European countries and the U.S. have a common understanding on the fact that mediators need to be trained to mediate disputes, apart from their own expertise on the subject matters. Secondly, private-led accreditation has been utilized in countries having a Anglo-American law system such as the United Kingdom and the U.S. a while nation-managed one has been operated in the countries having a continental law system such as Austria, Belgium, Italy and Germany. Thirdly, private mediation service providers (usually institutions or companies) play an active role in the training and accreditation of mediators and further make them act as mediators in the disputes referred to them. Fourthly, the countries having a nation-managed accreditation system usually stipulate a certain mediation training and accreditation requirement by law. Fifthly, there is no uniform trend on the minimum hours of training required for accrediting the mediators. Sixthly, mediation training generally focuses on the practical mediation capacity-building, including mediation theory and role-playing, mediation simulations, peer review and supervision. And finally, the mediation theory mainly includes the role of mediator, mediation procedures, mediation communication, negotiation and communication skills, mediation ethics and mediator's code of conduct, etc.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.71-91
• /
• 2010

ADR is alternative dispute resolution that includes mediation, adjudication, arbitration, conciliation and ombudsman schemes. ADR may be an alternative to going to court or to a tribunal. The main types of ADR are conciliation, arbitration or mediation and ADR is divided into national leading ADR and private lading ADR and national leading ADR includes court-annexed ADR and administrative ADR. Court-annexed ADR has become a well established feature of the judicial systems on a global basis. The bulk of court-annexed ADR in Glove is by way of mediation. Thus each nation takes part in ADR by court involvement and Enactment of ADR-related Laws. And the involvement of nations have both the regulative character and promotive character in ADR. In addition to the national leading ADR, the private leading ADR also must be activated as United Kingdom. Thus this paper deals with national leading ADR and private leading ADR and the purpose of this paper is to contribute to the activation of ADR by studying the promotion and limited the involvement of nation in ADR and private leading ADR in United Kingdom.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.27-42
• /
• 2022

Open Data is an essential resource for the data industry. 'Act On Promotion Of The Provision And Use Of Public Data', enacted on July 30, 2013, mandates public institutions to manage the quality of Open Data and provide it to the public. Via such a legislation, the legal basis for the public to Open Data is prepared. Furthermore, public institutions are prohibited from developing and providing open data services that are duplicated or similar to those of the private sector, and private start-ups using open data are supported. However, as the demand for Open Data gradually increases, the cases of refusal to provide or interruption of Open Data held by public institutions are also increasing. Accordingly, the 'Open Data Mediation Committee' is established and operated so that the right to use data can be rescued through a simple dispute mediation procedure rather than complicated administrative litigation. The main issues dealt with in dispute settlement so far are usually the rights of third parties, such as open data including personal information, private information such as trade secrets, and copyrights. Plus, non-open data cannot be provided without the consent of the information subject. Rather than processing non-open data into open data through de-identification processing, positive results can be expected if consent is provided through active rights processing of the personal information subject. Not only can the Public Mydata Service be used by the information subject, but Open Data applicants will also be able to secure higher quality Open Data, which will have a positive impact on fostering the private data industry. This study derives a plan to establish a rights processing platform to enhance the usability of Open Data, including private information such as personal information, trade secrets, and copyright, which have become an issue when providing Open Data since 2014. With that, the proposals in this study are expected to serve as a stepping stone to revitalize private start-ups through the use of wide Open Data and improve public convenience through Public MyData services of information subjects.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.217-245
• /
• 2001

Like traditional commerce, disputes are bound to arise in the course of conducting an e-commerce transaction. At present of June 30, 2001, 259 cases of dispute on e-commerce have been applied for the mediation of Electronic Transaction Dispute Mediation Committee, types of them are 170 cases of delayed delivery of commodity, 21 cases of contract cancellation and refund, 16 cases of personal information protection, 16 cases of false and exaggerated advertisement, 14 cases of commodity defect. The settlement systems of e-commerce dispute are litigation and Alternative Dispute Resolution(ADR). ADR encompasses mediation, arbitration, and similar private tools for resolving disputes. ADR offers many perceived advantages. Speed of resolution and low cost are often cited as the primary benefits. Therfore e-commerce disputes may be settled more effectively by litigation. The settlement systems of e-commerce dispute by ADR are the mediation of Electronic Transaction Dispute Mediation Committee, the mediation of Consumer Dispute Mediation Commercial Arbitration Board, and the arbitration of Korean Commerical Arbitration Board. E-commerce sets up the probability that its merchants and customers will not exist in the same legal jurisdictions. The confusing application of laws and wide geographical dispersion of these parties will necessitate a faster and cheaper dispute resolution methodology. Therefore, online ADR may be effective for e-commerce dispute resolution. The examples of online ADR opetation are the cyber mediation of Electronic Transaction Dispute Resolution Committee, the cyber mediation of Korean Commercial Arbitration Board, the cyber mediation of Click N Settle, the online ADR of BBB online, and the cyber arbitration of virtual Magistrate.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.250-261
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 청소년의 게임중독과 공격성의 관계에서 사적 자의식의 매개모형을 검증하여 게임중독 청소년을 위한 개입방안 마련에 도움을 주기 위해 수행되었다. 남자 청소년 439명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고 구조모형을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 게임중독은 공격성 및 사적 자의식과 정적 상관을 나타냈고, 사적 자의식은 공격성과 정적 상관을 나타냈다. 게임중독은 사적 자의식의 두 하위 요인 중 자신에 대한 숙고 요인과 정적 상관을 나타낸 반면, 내적 상태에 대한 인식 요인과는 유의미한 상관을 나타내지 않았다. 또한 사적 자의식의 두 하위요인은 공격성과 정적 상관을 나타냈으나 내적 상태에 대한 인식 요인은 상대적으로 상관이 낮았고, 공격성에 대한 회귀분석에서는 자신에 대한 숙고 요인만이 유의미한 예측변인으로 포함되었다. 둘째, 구조방정식 모형 검증 결과, 사적 자의식, 특히 자신에 대한 숙고는 게임중독과 공격성 간의 관계에서 부분매개 역할을 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 제한점과 후속연구를 위한 보완점이 논의되었다.

• 시큐리티연구
• /
• 제37호
• /
• pp.165-195
• /
• 2013

오늘날 현대 조직에서는 제3의 자본으로서 사회자본의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 사회자본은 조직구성원에 대한 효율적 인적 자원관리와 관련하여 "구성원에 대한 신뢰와 규범, 사회적 네트워크"등을 그 구성요소로 하는데, 현재 이와 관련된 많은 연구들이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 하지만 아직까지 민간경비업체 종사자들의 사회자본에 대한 연구는 찾아보기 어려운 실정이다. 이에 이 연구에서는 사회자본에 대한 국내외 선행연구를 바탕으로 민간경비업체 종사자들을 대상으로 하여, 사회자본과 직무만족과의 관계에 대해서 직무특성의 매개역할을 중심으로 한 실증분석을 통해 민간경비업체 종사자들의 효율적 관리방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이 연구의 결과, 첫째, 사회자본과 직무만족과의 관계에 대한 분석결과, 사회자본의 구성요소 중 신뢰와 네트워크는 직무만족에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사회자본과 직무만족과의 관계에서 직무특성에 대한 매개효과의 분석결과, 직무특성 요인인 직무중요성과 기술다양성은 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 실증분석의 결과는 민간경비업체 종사자들의 직무스트레스를 감소시켜 주고 직무만족과 더불어 조직의 성과를 향상시키기 위해서는 조직 구성원 간의 신뢰와 네트워크 등을 통하여 사회자본에 기반을 둔 상호협력 등이 필요로 함을 의미한다. 따라서 민간경비업체 종사자들에 대한 사회자본의 활성화와 유지를 위한 관리전략이 모색되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제16권11호
• /
• pp.166-178
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 구조방정식 모형을 토대로, 사회복지기관을 후원하는 개인기부자들이 기부행위를 통해서 경험하는 정서적 효용감 및 가시적 효용감이 이들의 정신적 웰빙에 미치는 직접효과, 자기수용의 매개효과, 그리고 후원 후 삶에 대한 감사함이 미치는 조절효과를 밝혔다. 주요 발견점을 요약하면, 첫째, 후원활동을 하면서 삶에 대한 감사함이 증가한 개인기부자 집단의 경우, 기부활동을 통한 정서적 효용감이 정신적 웰빙에 정적 직접효과를 미쳤지만, 가시적 효용감은 정신적 웰빙에 유의미한 직접효과가 발견되지 않았다. 자기수용은 정서적 효용이 정신적 웰빙에 미치는 영향에 부분매개효과가 있었고, 가시적 효용감이 정신적 웰빙에 미치는 영향에는 자기수용이 완전매개효과가 있음이 밝혀졌다. 둘째, 후원 후 자신의 삶에 대한 감사함이 증가하지 않은 집단에서도, 정신적 웰빙에 정서적 효용감은 정적 직접효과가 있었지만, 가시적 효용감은 유의미한 영향이 없었다. 그리고 자기수용은 가시적 효용감이 정신적 웰빙에 미치는 영향에 완전매개역할을 하였다. 그러나 정서적 효용감이 자기수용에 유의한 영향을 주지 않았고, 자기수용의 매개효과가 존재하지 않았다. 후원 후 삶에 대한 감사 증가여부에 의한 조절효과가 실증적으로 규명되었고, 기부 후 삶에 대한 감사가 증가한 경우, 그렇지 않은 경우보다, 정신적 웰빙은 물론, 자기수용, 정서적, 가시적 효용감 수준이 유의하게 높은 것으로 밝혀져, 기부활동을 통한 정신적 웰빙의 향상을 도모하기 위해서, 감사성향을 강화시키는 것이 중요한 실천과제임을 제시하면서, 실천적 함의를 논의하였다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.39-52
• /
• 2019

There are various factors to consider when parties to an international agreement draft a dispute resolution clause in their written contract. These factors can be classified into two categories. The first category is about the parties and the nature of the contract, such as the parties' places of business and whether the contract contains a simple transaction or has a complicated nature. The second category is about the applicable rules of the parties' places of business or performance such as the private international law, service of process rules, and enforcement of court judgment and arbitration award rules. When parties to an international contract agree to a litigation, they normally choose a forum court and a governing law. In selecting a forum court and a governing law, the parties must consider private international law, service of process rules, and enforcement of judgement rules of candidate forums. In case the parties agree to an arbitration, they have to choose between institutional arbitration and ad hoc arbitration. For ad hoc arbitration, parties still need to further agree on which arbitration rules to use, and in which place the arbitration shall take place. Mediation involves a similar kind of decision as with arbitration. Traditionally, national courts of the parties' places of business have been used as litigation forums in dispute resolution clauses but, recently, arbitration is being increasingly employed as an alternative dispute resolution method in international contracts. Moreover, there have been international efforts to utilize mediation as a dispute resolution method in international commercial issues. Rather than simply taking a dispute resolution clause provided in a sample written contract, parties to an international contract must carefully consider various relevant factors in order to insert a dispute resolution clause which will work well for a particular contract.