• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.474-479
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• 2011

With Beijing's success in bidding for the 2008 Olympic Games, the increasing demand for infrastructure development and reduced public sector funding capacity has created a significant funding gap which calls for alternative project delivery methods such as Public-Private Partnership (PPP). Although the exploration of infrastructure projects using PPP model have been practiced since the late 80s, the $560 million National Stadium which served as the main venue for the Olympic Games is the first stadium project in China to be delivered under PPP operation. The project is generally considered successful despite the concession transfer in 2009 with concern of better serving the public interest. Compared to other infrastructure projects such as transportation, waste management and water management, the development of major sports facilities for mega-sports events with PPP has its own unique features and is subject to different major risks. This research identifies and analyzes critical risks in the implementation of PPP in major sports facility development through case study of the National Stadium project. A questionnaire survey and several interviews are conducted to solicit expert opinions from experienced practitioners. The purpose is to provide additional insights in risk management strategies and opportunities in China's PPP implementations in major sports facilities for policy makers and private sectors involved with investment decisions in future similar infrastructure development.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.16
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• pp.265-282
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• 2008

This research aims to provide a solution for the improvement of private security according to the change in criminal environment. The main cause of crime can be found in the anti-functional dimensions including value set disorder, social phenomenon variation, information-based, globalization and urbanization. In this environment, the private security sector has dramatically increased in a quantitative viewpoint, but it is insufficient in a qualitative viewpoint. This paper recognized this problem and demonstrates a solution for improvement through classifying elements of private security into relevant legislation, education institutions, security companies and security associations. The analysis result is a follows: First, motivation and satisfaction rate of escort and security related major has shown to be high. However, respondents evaluated the guard educational institution negatively. Second, the motivation of entering into the private security sector for internal staffs has shown to be positive and sound. However, the job satisfaction rate has shown to be low due to excessive competition, negative perception of occupation and low earning. Third, respondents gave an average mark to the Security Association's management and operation. In addition, the mutual-aid project received the same mark. Negative feedbacks were given to the protection of member's interest and to association operation and policy, while positive feedbacks were given to the degree of member's cooperation towards association policies.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.195-200
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• 2020

Korea enacted the Protection of Public Interest Reporters Act in March 2011 to protect whistleblowers from acts of infringement of public interest in the private sector. Most acts of infringement of the public interest are carried out secretly within the organization, which is known to the outside world by reports from members of the organization who are well aware of the problems within the organization. However, whistleblowers are at a disadvantage due to reporting and are reluctant to report. In addition, measures are needed to strengthen institutional mechanisms such as confidentiality, protection of personal information, responsibility, and prohibition of disadvantageous measures to effectively protect reporters due to lack of practical protective measures. Therefore, practical protection measures for whistleblowers are needed in line with the purpose of protecting whistleblowers, and measures to expand the corresponding compensation system will also be needed. Therefore, in this study, we would like to review the main contents of the current system for protecting whistleblowers in Korea and suggest reasonable improvement measures for protecting whistleblowers.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.19-31
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• 1989

The purpose of this research was to examine the concurrent validity of the Nalongyee children's achievement motivation test by studying its relationship to a children's school readiness test. The subjects were 335 preschool children (171 urban and 164 rural) selected from 8 public and 7 private kindergartens located in two metropolitan areas (Seoul and Pusan) and 5 rural counties in Kyungsang Nam Do. Instruments included the Nalongyee Children's Achievement Motivation Test by the author and the School Readiness "Lest by Unhai Rhee. Data were analyzed by Pearson r and Z-test. Readiness was positively related to the total score and sub-areas of achievement motivation (.10-.43). Sub-areas of the achievement motivation test were related to each of the 4 factors of the readiness test. The correlations ranged from .00-.35 with the personal-social response factor, .00-.26 with the associative vocabulary factor, .05-.31 with the number concept factor, and .03-.37 with the perception factor. Significant differences in correlations were found between urban and rural areas for self-confidence, interest in learning, interest in kindergarten and physical competence.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.368-375
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• 2011

Along with the growing interest in greenhouse gas reduction, the effect of energy reduction from green buildings is gaining interest as well. However, green buildings may have difficulties in financing due to their high initial construction costs. With this in mind, the objective of this study is to suggest a financing model for green building projects with a governmental guarantee based on CER (Certified Emission Reduction). In other words, in the financing model, the government provides a guarantee for the increased costs of a green building project in return for CER. The suggested financing model was tested and found feasible for implementing green building projects. In addition, the model in this study is applicable to private projects because guarantee has its return. To utilize CER as a return for a financial guarantee, however, certification of CDMs (Clean Development Mechanism) for green buildings must be vitalized.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.251-257
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• 2017

Private banking, which is a part of the financial services industry, is an investment advisory business targeting high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs). The demand for asset management services, which isexpanding in the world market as well as in the Asia-Pacific region, is rapidly increasing in Korea as the low-growth, low-interest environment has stabilized. In Korea, the private banking business is ahead of growth, and the evaluation and compensation system of playing institutions remains a challenge. While the aging of the population increases the demand for services, the increasing competition and regulations have decreased the profit margins in the industry. In this paper, a business model is derived from a professional service quality model. Modular advisory services, value-proposition through sophisticated services, and investment expertise with increased clarity would help wealth management firms pursue their opportunities. By interviewing the experts of wealth management banks, this study constructsa business model with elements derived from a relevant literature review. The contribution of this research is to enable these institutions to understand the key factors affecting their financial performances, in order to improve them. This study is limited by one of the research models, and it will be necessary to conduct an empirical test in the future.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.28 no.3 s.51
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• pp.563-575
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• 1995

In order to investigate the prevalence and the factors related to the depression and burnout among private practice physicians, a SDS(self-rating depression scale) and MBI(Maslach burnout inventory) -based questionnaire study was performed on 344 private practice physicians in Kwangju and Chonnam area. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Mean SDS score was 38.3 in total subjects and the prevalence rate of depression was 48.8%. As for the frequency order of the items of the SDS, decreased libido, diurnal variation and hopelessness were relatively high, and suicidal rumination, constipation and agitation were noted low. 2. Noticeable factors related with depression were smoking, coffee use, sleeping time and satisfaction with income. 3. As a result a factor analysis with the MBI data, five factors named as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, involvement and self-interest were extracted. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that 48.8% of the physician sample reported high scores on emotional exhaustion, and 45.3% scored high on depersonalization. Personal accomplishment scores remained high with 45.3% reporting high personal accomplishment. 4. Variables related to the burnout were age, sleeping time, family size religion, medical speciality, duration of practice setting, visiting patient number, closing day per month and job satisfaction. 5. In the relationship with depression, burnout was closely related to depression. Above results showed that the high percentage of private practice physicians experiencing depression and burnout suggests the need for further research to establish trends, to identify causal factors, and to develop avenues to reduce stress.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 2014

This study presents another effective way of ERP training and education for the successful deployment of ERP in public and private sectors. In general, there have been many researches on ERP implementation success factors. However, training methods and research related to effective ERP education/training are difficult to find. Several studies on the ERP implementation success factors state that the Chief Executive Office Interest in the project, education and training are one of the most important factors. In order to successfully implement an ERP, ERP education and training must preferentially be continuous and done by long-term plan. In Chapter 2, we examined the previous researches to determine the status of effective education and training in private and public sectors. Feedbacks from public enterprises, private enterprises, ERP consultants and production professionals from the survey are analysed using the Delphi method. Using the SPSS statistical analysis, survey results derived another effective private and public enterprise ERP education/training strategies and management guidelines.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.7 no.1 s.29
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• pp.168-175
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• 2006

Since the partly changed 'Private Investment Act for Social Infrastructure Projects' set forth in January 2005, the number of BTL(Build-Transfer-Lease) projects offered to the market has rapidly increased. The scope of BTL projects offered covers not only legally defined facilities but several facilities for the private schools. A BTL project, by definition, is a way of project management that includes the entire process of development such as planning, design, construction and operation over the period of 20-30 years. As a result, various types of risk may happen at each stage of the project and it is extremely important to efficiently control the sensitive factors that affect the risk profiles of the project. The examples of the sensitive factors are construction cost, interest rate, discount rate, lease amount, rental fee, O&M cost and so on. This study examines the characteristics of these sensitivity factors, analyzes their impact on the project feasibility and suggests the alternatives to manage them efficiently.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.206-222
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• 1997

The conventional analysis with which justifies government intervention of the private sector's innovation activities is the market failure approach. According to such analysis, fund allocation through autonomous market mechanisms is not optimal in technology financing because of the disparity between the desirable level of investment for society as a whole and that for private firms. To optimize the fund allocation, public policies such as subsidy, preferencial loan and venture capital investment programs are designed for technology development projects performed by private firms. They, however, have not been effective in increasing private investment for such projects. In most cases, it was found that little considerations given to the relationship between uncertainty embodied in technology development projects and each types of financing. With respect to optimizing fund allocation, technology development projects should be financed by different means according to their probability of success and the expected value of technology. Employing various theoretical models on financing decision-making we verify here that technology development projects to be supported by commercial banks or venture capital institutions is limited contingent upon levels of uncertainty adn expected value. Under the assumption that financial institutions are risk averse, loan or investment can be available only if the probability of success of the project is higher than the probability premium and the current market rate of interest. Therefore, the projects that have lower probability of success and/or small expected return are excluded from commercial loan or investment programs. However, the remaining projects, whose probability of success is low but with high expected return, may be applied under government subsidy programs. To achieve optimality of fund allocation and to activate technology financing, we conclude that there should be a systematic division of role among financial institutions including government commercial banks, and venture capital institutions.