• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.281-289
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• 2018

The Korean environmental impact assessment(EIA) system, and explored ways to improve it as a more efficient and viable institution relevant to the demand of our time and conditions in study. The first problem this study identified is found in the fact that the party to write up the assessment report is itself the business operator or the one who is planning to work out the business plan. This structure translates into placing an order with an agent for EIA report. The reporting job may br subcontracted to the agent at a cost far below the rate specified in the 'Standard for Estimate of Agency Fee for Environmental Impact Assessment.' This practice also causes the vicious circle of producing a report that is written to justify the project or business in question or it leads to rough-and ready and poor documentation to minimize the time required. Second, in order to achieve the goal of the plan or business, which is the target of EIA, the local residents tend to ve regarded as an obstacle. This means elimination of the local people from participating in the EIA or their opinion being frequently ignored. This is the seed of distrust and hostility that sometimes provoke disagreements or fierce conflicts. The first proposal to improve these problem is to improve the factors that cause poor documentation of the assessment report as well as improve the understanding of the EIA system. This study proposes the following measures for improvement. The agency cost for EIA should be paid by the business operator or a third party that can ensure faithful implementation of the payment. A system should be established to verify transparent estimation of the agency cost. In order to enhance the professional quality of EIA agents, there should be implementation of qualification test for industrial engineer of related engineers in addition to the current EIA Qualification Test. The second proposal for improvement is to improve the citizen participation process by instituting a legal framework to make clear the purpose of the briefing session for local residents, which is held as a procedure of EIA, and to ensure more positive publicity during the stage of listening to the opinion of the local community. For a smooth and rational communication process, a moderator and a communicator of opinion, as is the case in a public hearing, could be instituted to clearly get the purpose of the briefing session across to the residents and to help to carry out the explanation and Q & A sessions according to the categories of the opinion of the residents. At present, the notification of the public inspection of the draft of the assessment report and briefing session for the residents is made on the newspaper and internet network. But some people have difficulty with access to this method of announcement. A higher participation rate could be secured if a legal provision is added to specify putting up placards in specific places such as the entrance to the place for the briefing session for residents or the building of administrative agencies of the area concerned.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.40
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• pp.109-116
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• 2003

The space planning and interior layout of recovery unit should be determined carefully for patient's nursing and observation which is considered to prevent infection and to cope quickly with emergency situation after surgical operation. Recently, the recovery unit in medical facilities is planned and managed without consideration of operating system, sanitary facilities and prior condition of space. Therefore, there is required to the logical criterion of architectural planning for patient's recovery unit which is concerned about opinion of medical team, anesthetist, sanitarian, architect and patient as a user. As the result, this study would apply to design guideline for the architectural planning of patient's recovery unit.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.39 no.6 s.189
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• pp.51-56
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• 2006

The important role of canal is moving goods and the canals from all over the world has contributed much to method of transporting goods. But, the canal system accounts rfor 25% of the total moving goods. One of its main goals is to reduce overland transportation costs were 30% more expensive than moving goods over water. We plan to build a Korea inland canal system and need to from a scheme of building a multi canal. We should consider positive aspect of this plan, on the other hand a study of the conal's environmental impact is required prior to beginning any construction. Finally, offer our opinion on the vision of Korea inland canal that aspect5 of national land development.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.164-168
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• 1988

Between November, 1984, and May, 1986, 93 patients underwent combined valvular and coronary artery operation. They were 70 male and 23 female, the age ranging from 29 to 82. From this population 89 patients underwent single valve replacement and 4 patients underwent double valve replacement. Patients with mitral valve disease were in the majority present in the age group between 50 till 70, where as in the group after 60 years, patients with aortic valve disease were dominant. The main indication for aortic valve replacement was aortic stenosis and the indication for mitral valve replacement was equal between mitral stenosis and mitral incompetence, the later was due to papillary dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Dyspnea was a very frequent symptom and it was found in nearly all patients. 28 patients had a previous myocardial infarction and severe left ventricular dysfunction. The grafts were placed prior to valve replacement and periods of myocardial ischemia were kept at a minimum by maintaining coronary perfusion throughout the operation. It is our opinion that simultaneous valve replacement and myocardial revascularization does not increase the risk of cardiac valve replacement substantially.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.333-336
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• 2005

A disposal scheme involves not only the process of resettlement process, before and on the way of the residential environment improving program, but also the change of psychological opinion concerning to the private interest for the relocation during the projects. Major findings of the study can be summed up as follows : first, as to the resettlement burden of prior residents was imposed to low-income households, while the lowest burden was imposed to middle-income households : second, the residents were rather satisfied with the project in the early stage of the process, but later they do not want to relocate to the place where they left in the process of resettlement program.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2018

Managing pain and anxiety in patients has always been an essential part of dentistry. To prevent pain, dentists administer local anaesthesia (LA) via a needle injection. Unfortunately, anxiety and fear that arise prior to and/or during injection remains a barrier for many children and adults from receiving dental treatment. There is a constant search for techniques to alleviate the invasive and painful nature of the needle injection. In recent years, researchers have developed alternative methods which enable dental anaesthesia to be less invasive and more patient-friendly. The aim of this review is to highlight the procedures and devices available which may replace the conventional needle-administered local anaesthesia. The most known alternative methods in providing anaesthesia in dentistry are: topical anaesthesia, electronic dental anaesthesia, jet-injectors, iontophoresis, and computerized control local anaesthesia delivery systems. Even though these procedures are well accepted by patients to date, it is the authors' opinion that the effectiveness practicality of such techniques in general dentistry is not without limitations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.1047-1050
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• 2015

Wearable device, along with IoT(Internet of Things), is considered the core of upcoming generation's convergence technology. Companies are intensely competing one another for prior occupation in the smartwatch market. Consumers that use smartwatch express their preferences by sharing their opinions through SNS(Social Networking Service). Through this study, emotions dictionary is built, which consists of attributes and emotional words related to smartwatch. Based on the emotions dictionary, SNS data has been categorized according to the attributes through opinion data model. Afterwards, overall polarity and attribute polarity of collected data are distinguished through natural language parsing, followed by an analysis of smartwatch reviews. This study will contribute to determination of which attributes of smartwatch to be improved, to arise consumer's interest for individual smartwatch.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.91-106
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• 1993

The objective of this study is to prepare a proposal for desired changes in the laws and regulations system of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) about cultural assets preservation. The related Korean regulatory system and literature for EIA have been surveyed and case studies have been analyzed and actual cases where cultural assets protection were of issue have been studied to deduce the problems of those areas. Based on the result of this study, proposed changes are as follows; 1. "Status of cultural Assets" is to be included as common assessment factor for all categories of object projects in "Table 2: Essential Assessment Factors for Individual Project Category" of "Ordinance for Preparation of EIA Statement, etc." 2. "Status of Underground Cultural Assets and Potential Underground Cultural Assets" is to be inserted as a survey factor in "Table 3:Format of and Instruction for Impact Statement". 3. The clause of "-- the survey should be performed on-site and the investigation report should be submitted." is to be inserted in methods of survey in "Table 3". 4. Ground survey of cultural assets should be performed prior to completion of project planning, that is, from the stage of pre-study for site selection. 5. The application of impact abatement from "Methods and Plants for Impacts Abatement" of "Report for Development of EIA Statement Technologies" should be included, with proper modification of timing, in "Ordinance for Preparation of EIA Statement, etc." 6. The expense liability clause in "Cultural Assets Preservation Act" is to be revised as "a certain ratio of expenses for excavation should be borne by the government." 7. Regulatory device for collecting appropriate opinions should be established. It may include Cultural Assets Preservation Committee's hearing to the project owner's opinion. be established. It may include Cultural Assets Preservation Committee's hearing to the project owner's opinion.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.39-47
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the progress of negotiations between the two countries regarding the implementation of AFKN's satellite broadcasting on October 4, 1983, as well as the opposition of domestic public opinion, which emerged as an important variable in the negotiation process. Through this, it was intended to lay the foundation for the historical facts necessary to interpret the negotiation process between the two countries over the implementation of AFKN's satellite broadcasting in the context of world history of cultural globalization. As a research method, the historical literature research method was used, focusing on archive documents stored in diplomatic archives. The study revealed that public opinion's movement toward cultural imperialism under domestic political conditions, which had authoritarian control over the media, served as an accidental factor to help carry out the regime's interests of regime protection. Through these findings, this paper interpreted that AFKN-TV's satellite broadcasting, which was implemented under the U.S. Department of Defense plan without the prior consent of the Korean government, clearly shows that Korea has been "semi-forced" into the U.S.-led cultural globalization order.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.9
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• pp.445-488
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• 1997

In the forthcoming 21st century new technical and scientific developments in outer space demands new approaches towards the problems arising in several fields of the use and exploitation of outer space including practical applications. The main purposes of this study are to analyze the legal problems of geostationary orbital position, telecommunication, direct television broadcasting by uses of artificial satellites. Communication via artificial Earth satellites was one of the first applications of space technology and is now one of the most developed field. From the technical and economic standpoints the advantages of world-wide satellites communication system are too all obvious. However, as the practical uses of space technology become more freguent, the legal conflicts among nations have become more divisive. One of the problem grown in uses of artificial satellites is that of the increasing shortage of suitable orbital slot positions for satellites, especially in geostationary orbit. Legal status of geostationary orbit as a limited resourece have to be reviewed in consideration of the side effect of the "First use, first-served" principle. The geostationary orbit is to be used for the benifits of all mankind and to be guaranteed for each state institutionaly in order to have eguitable access to the use of the orbit. Rapid increase of satellites broadcasting system in not only developed countries but also in developing countries opened up new possibilities with one another's scientific and cultural achievements. But there is also a potential danger that this powerful new instrument of influencing public opinion will be abused. Such a danger incudes spill-over or harmful interference. This controversial issue brings about the question whether prior consent from the receiver nation is needed to broadcast across international boundaries. Some states have rejected prior consent because it interfere with the free flow of information. Many other countries have opposed that opinion as an invasion and violation of sovereignty and as a violation of the 1967 Treaty and the UN Charter. Since declaration of the First Year of Outer Space in 1985, our country have promoted the plan of launching communication and broadcasting satellites. With the Koreasat launched in 1995 as the start, a real satellite-telecommunication era was opened in korea. According to this new development of our country, there will also rise various legal problems related to satellite broadcasting and telecommunication such as the inflow of foreign programs, the permeation of culture and the infringement of program copyright. Consequently the effective reactions to these problems in satellite-communication era should be tried including international cooperation. It is therefore to take into careful consideration the legal issues which may arise in outer space activities and to formulate positive policy on international cooperation with surrounding or advanced countries and international organization concerned. For this purpose the United Nations also prepares the UNISPACE III in 1999, to enable the international community to meet a more promising 21st century.