• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.705-707
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• 2010

Purpose: Tuberculous lymphadenitis constitutes about 30% of all types of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Cervical lymphadenitis is the commonest form (70%), followed by axillary and inguinal. But inguinal tuberculous lymphadenitis is rare form. Especially isolated inguinal tuberculous lymphadenitis was seldom reported. In Korea, that case was not reported. This case emphasizes the need for awareness of tuberculosis as a possible cause of isolated inguinal adenitis. Methods: We experienced one case of isolated inguinal tuberculous lymphadenitis. We analyzed clinical features, preoperative assessments and method of treatments. Results: A 37-year-old female patient presented with a painless swelling in the left inguinal region of 12 month's duration. There was no history of urethral discharge, dysuria, genital sores, unprotected sexual contacts or trauma. Examination revealed enlarged left inguinal lymph nodes, $2{\times}1\;cm$, non-tender and firm mass. The external iliac, popliteal, right inguinal and other groups of lymph nodes were normal. Serologic tests, urinary tests and chest radiologic test were normal. The excision of mass was performed under the general anesthesia. A excisional biopsy showed chronic granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis, consistent with tuberculosis. After excision, the primary repair was done and completely healed on postoperative 25 days. Conclusion: The isolated inguinal tuberculous lymphadenitis was rare form of inguinal suppurative mass. Although medical management is the principal mode of therapy of tuberculous adenitis and surgery is rarely necessary, we didn't consider the possibility of tuberculous lymphadenitis in our case. A high index of suspicion is essential for a diagnosis of isolated inguinal tuberculous lymphadenitis. Our case emphasizes this importance and illustrates the need for awareness of tuberculosis as a possible cause of isolated inguinal adenitis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.50-62
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• 2017

As the use of private cars increases along with the technological advancement in the automobile industries and their capabilities to supply, a wide range of issues are followed including the increase in traffic congestion costs, pavement damages and more. In spite of consistent effort to resolve such urban traffic problems, the modal share rate of private cars continuously increases, thus it is becoming more important to explore the ways to enable drivers to take reasonable measures, in self-motivated manner, by taking part of the transportation demand management policy rather than to rely on the strict enforcement of control policy. Considering that the urban transportation infrastructures are in much better shape than before, it is necessary to implement Mobility Management (MM) that induces reasonable usage of private cars by promoting the change in one's consciousness and behavior through communication. Hence, the research studies the factors that influence the mobility through the survey targeting the citizens of Busan on their awareness on the former transportation demand management policy, to explore the ways to motivate the citizens' involvement in reducing the use of private cars as a measure of Mobility Management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.311-318
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• 2016

The VTS concept was located as a principal methods of maritime safety administration in world's major harbors and expected to become the pivotal role for the future of the maritime and harbor society with e-Navigation epoch. If recent limelight concept of big-data has been included in aspect of information gathering and analysis with various studies, it's required advanced studies to improve the information analysis capability and application range of the data that can be mining by the VTS. In this study, contrast to other studies that aimed quantitative analysis as communication number, it can be mining the time information and each of the communication VTS for the target vessel, including qualitative analysis, such as the purpose or the type of communication. This comparison across multiple items of the collected information, and presenting the VTS data mining model (VCDF) that can be analyzed for the purpose of analyzing way, type and number of communication by ship's type, also number of violations through VTS communication. First, In Busan port case, it shows frequently information service and shows frequently communicating with particular types of vessels. Second, Passive VTS carried out notwithstanding many kinds of traffic violations due to communication congestion. This arranged information can be used as data for the analysis, as possible the level of traffic for VTSO situational awareness, which pointed to the 'workloads' in 'IALA Guideline' and could be used as a database for future research of e-Navigation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.1625-1632
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• 2009

This study investigated consumer awareness on imported food safety management. The questionnaire explored status for confirmation as imported foods, consideration factors when imported foods were marketed, ways for finding imported food safety information, people responsible for problems in imported foods safety management, and imported food safety management items. Answers to 1065 questionnaires were analyzed using S-Plus 8.0. The principal results were as follows: 35.7% of respondents always confirmed whether it was imported food. The most important imported foods marketed is children food. 55.1% of respondents think inspectors have responsibility for problems of imported foods safety management. The most important factor for improvement of safety is reinforcement of quarantine. The providing of restricted information only after security problem occurs was the reason for non-satisfaction of safety information.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.233-244
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to improve awareness of network marketing business in South Korea, which takes a quite negative view of network marketing, to raise awareness of "starting up a business" as independent business owners, to assist them in building their own subjecthood in network business and entrepreneurial identity, and ultimately to give some suggestions on how to improve their self-directed entrepreneurial competency and the quality of their business management. To make an empirical analysis of 121 independent business owners of Korean native network marketing, the personal and background variables of the entrepreneurs were selected as independent variables, and entrepreneurship was selected as a mediator variable. The selected dependent variables were financial and non-financial business performances. A multiple regression analysis was conducted by inputting the variables. The findings of the study were as follows: It produced an effect of more financial performance when the innovation of the independent business owners of network marketing was better, and this innovation was possible to have only when they improved in entrepreneurial efficacy and locus of control. In contrast, only authenticity had an effect on boosting non-financial business performance among the factors of entrepreneurship. To have authenticity, it's necessary to strengthen achievement needs and awareness of locus of control among the personal characteristics of the independent business owners of network marketing. Among the factors of entrepreneurship, there was better authenticity when their personal networks were broader among their background characteristics. In addition, self-efficacy that was one of personal characteristics made a direct contribution to the enhancement of non-financial performance. As a result, independent business owners of network marketing are required to hold a strong belief in their own business, to be active in business activities and to have a high efficacy as spontaneous principal agents, and they also are required to have more adventurous, planned, active and propulsive achievement needs that enable them to attain the goals of their business and keep moving forward. Besides, they should foster their locus-of-control competency that is to control, endure and be responsible for a variety of phenomena or incidents that they face, and there will be better financial performance or non-financial performance only when they demonstrate their self-belief and confidence and when they have faith in and conviction about themselves. For independent business owners of network marketing, a consumer-centered thinking that entails authenticity and trustworthiness and touches the hearts of customers is a more effective marketing strategy than an egocentric thinking as sellers when they approach customers. And they are expected to make progress in terms of the quality of business management when their business attachment or enthusiasm is great enough to match their own efficacy with entrepreneurial identity or strike a balance between them.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.285-309
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the courage of infant & toddler teachers during their care for infants and toddlers in an effort to shed light on the courage of teachers, which has been overlooked so far. It's specifically meant to raise awareness of the necessity of courage as one of virtues that teachers should have to provide quality care. The subjects in this study were four selected infant & toddler teachers at a childcare center. Data were gathered during a 12-week period of time from June to August, 2012, by having in-depth interviews with the teachers. After the collected data were analyzed, the courage that teachers had was categorized into three: being unsparing of oneself, acting according to conscience and sticking to principles, and raising and caring. As for the first, they didn't spare themselves even though there was a danger of physical harm or death. Regarding the second, they held fast to their principles even when it's against the will of the principal and parents, and continued to modify the principles by looking back on themselves. Concerning the third, they did their utmost while they provided toilet training. In the future, the characteristics of courage that infant & toddler teachers should have to take good care of infants and toddlers should be investigated, and courage should be taken seriously as one of virtues. Besides, how to help teachers keep their courage up should carefully be considered.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2022

This study provides a critical analysis of the Family Center's programs for adoptive families by interviewing employees at these centers and at Adoption Agencies who have experiences with adoption programs. For this study, nine such workers from three separate Family Centers and three such workers from two separate Adoption Agencies have (voluntarily) engaged in in-depth interviews. Major findings from the interviews are that the Family Centers were initially motivated to carry out adoption family programs for three principal reasons: they located many families (in need of adoption family program); potential adoptees were interested in the program; adoption families participated in the pre-existing programs such as Self-help Group and Co-parenting Space. Workers in the study also reported that they approach to an adoption family and their contemplation on ways to provide better services to the adoption families. They don't have any official and formal manual or guidelines from the Government Ministries and offices such as Korean Institute for Healthy Family; as a result, the workers at Family Centers have endeavored to gain connection with Adoption Agencies in hopes of cooperation with them and to improve the services at Family Centers. For benefits of Family Centers as a delivery system, they mentioned nationwide infrastructure, family professional, and arrangement of integrated program for family. For improvements, they listed awareness education based on a thorough consideration of adoptee's varied characteristics, close cooperation with adoption institutions, provision of basic operational manual from Korean Institute for Healthy Family, and governmental efforts to enlarge the consideration pool for families.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.147-161
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• 2023

As global challenges, particularly climate change, become more pressing, there is a growing global awareness of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) management. Given the crucial role played by the logistics industry in the complex network of the global supply chain, various societal stakeholders are emphasizing the necessity for logistics entities to practice ESG management. Despite the comprehensive ESG guidelines established by Korea for all enterprises, a notable limitation arises from its inadequate consideration of the distinctive features inherent to logistics enterprises, especially those of a smaller and medium scale. Accordingly, this study conducts a thorough examination of existing ESG guidelines, sustainable management approaches in large-scale logistics enterprises, and prior research to identify potential ESG management diagnostic criteria relevant to small and medium-sized logistics enterprises, including aspects such as Public(P), Environmental(E), Social(S), and Governance(G). To streamline the diagnostic criteria, taking into account the unique characteristics of small and medium-sized logistics enterprises, this study conducts a survey involving 60 logistics company personnel and experts from academic and research domains. The collected data undergoes Principal Component Analysis (PCA), revealing that the four dimensions of information disclosure can be consolidated into a single dimension. Additionally, environmental criteria reduce from 16 to 3 items, societal considerations decrease from 22 to 7 items, and governance structures distill from 20 to 5 items. This empirical endeavor is deemed significant in presenting tailored ESG management diagnostic criteria aligned with the specificities of small and medium-sized logistics enterprises. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a foundational resource for the development of guidelines by relevant entities, promoting the wider adoption of ESG management practices in the sphere of small and medium-sized logistics enterprises in the near future. population coming from areas other than Gwangyang, where Gwangyang Port is located.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.492-498
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• 2022

Process control systems used in most domestic petrochemical corporates today are based on the Windows platforms. As technology leans toward opened environment, the exposure risk of control systems is increasing. However, not many companies are preparing for various cyberattacks due to lack of awareness and misunderstanding of cyber intrusion. This study investigated the extent of how much exposed the petrochemical process control system is to security threats and suggested practical measures to reduce OT cybersecurity vulnerabilities. To identify the cyber threat status of process control systems, vulnerabilities of the Windows platform, a principal cyber threat factor, have been analyzed. For research, three major DCS providers in Korea and the discontinuation of Windows platform of 635 control systems were investigated. It was confirmed that 78% of the survey subjects were still operating in the discontinued windows platforms, and those process control systems were operated in a state vulnerable to cyber intrusions. In order to actively cope with these cyber threats, legal regulations such as designation of critical infrastructure for major petrochemical facilities which is implemented in advanced countries such as the United States are needed. Additionally, it is necessary to take the initiative in eradicating security threats to the process control systems by aggressively introducing security solutions provided from existing DCS suppliers. This paper was submitted to Professor Ko JaeWook's retirement anniversary issue.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.32
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• pp.193-224
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• 2016

The North Korean animation is a puppet movie that is adapted The Brother and Sister Who Became the Sun and the Moon, a traditional Korean lore. The quality of this animation is acknowledged because of not only North Korea's considerably advanced animation technology but also the animation's retention of the folklore's traditional essence rather than intention to disseminate ideological propaganda. Nevertheless, the animation reveals the trasformation of its original purpose from general educative intentions for children to the educative concept of salvation by heaven is replaced by salvation by people and cultural education insteadof salvation by heaven. The appearance of the hero Jangsoe is the key adaptation of this animation, and it suggests the main principal of salvation lies in man rather than in heaven. Such adaptation complies with the requirements of children's literature suggested by the North Korea's literary history office. Furthemore the hero Jangsoe as the examplary figure of revolutionary self-reliance ideology and as a leader. Theory of self-reliance literature stipulates that children's literature is used for ideological education that develops people to be successors of revolutionary feats and become active workers for the construction of socialism and communism, therefore it is possible to understand the purpose of the adaptation to reflect the educational aims. This study investigates the change in meaning form the original folktale through such adaptation, and highlights problems related to limiting the meaning implied in "heaven's salvation" in the original story only to the vague meaning of religious hope. This vague implied meaning is considered as "an awareness activity to examine their own existence in the universe". With regard to this, the concept of heaven's salvation that is prevalent in the classic stories can be interpreted as a positive self-belief that enables the use of rationality in any helpless situation that cannot be understood with existing empirical knowledge. It considers that heaven expresses the power that exists in the human mind through self-viability and self-belief. This creates the power of reason in the character to fight against the evil disguised as the mother, in the absence of the real mother.