• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1022-1031
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• 2005

Temporal behavior of the laser induced incandescence (LII) signal is often used for soot particle sizing, which is possible because the cooling behavior of a laser heated particle is dependent on the particle size. In present study, LII signals of soot particles are modeled using two non-linear coupled differential equations deduced from the energy- and mass-balance of the process. The objective of this study is to obtain an appropriate calibration curve for determining primary particle size by comparing the gated signal ratio and double-exponential curve fitting methods. Not only the effects of laser fluence and gas temperature on the cooling behavior but also heat transfer mechanisms of heated soot particle have been investigated. The second-order exponential curve fitting showed better agreements with the LII signals than the gated signal ratio method which was based on the lust-order exponential curve fit. And the temporal decay rate of the LII signal and primary particle size showed nearly linear relationship, which was little dependent on the laser fluence. And it also could be reconfirmed that vaporization was dominant process of heat loss during first loons after laser pulse, then heat conduction played most important role while thermal radiation had little influence all the time.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.596-603
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• 2007

As increasing interest for soot emission. etc in combustion systems, various studies are being carried out for the reduction and measurement techniques of soot. Especially, laser induced incandescence is the useful measurement technique which has distinguished spatial and temporal resolution for primary particle size, volume fraction and aggregated particle size etc. Time resolved laser induced incandescence is the technique for measuring primary particle size that is decided to solve the signal decay rate which is related to the cooling behavior of heated particle by pulsed laser. The cooling behavior of heated particle is able to represent the heat and mass transfer model which are involved constants of soot property for surround gas temperature on the our previous work. In this study, it is applied to the time-dependence thermodynamic properties for soot temperature instead of constants of soot property for surround gas temperature and compared two different model results.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2020

As a case study on aspect ratio behavior, Kaolin, zeolite, TiO₂, pozzolan and diatomaceous earth minerals are investigated using wet milling with 0.3 mm media. The grinding process using small media of 0.3 pai is suitable for current work processing applications. Primary particles with average particle size distribution D₅₀, ~6 ㎛ are shifted to submicron size, D₅₀ ~0.6 ㎛ after grinding. Grinding of particles is characterized by various size parameters such as sphericity as geometric shape, equivalent diameter, and average particle size distribution. Herein, we systematically provide an overview of factors affecting the primary particle size reduction. Energy consumption for grinding is determined using classical grinding laws, including Rittinger's and Kick's laws. Submicron size is obtained at maximum frictional shear stress. Alterations in properties of wettability, heat resistance, thermal conductivity, and adhesion increase with increasing particle surface area. In the comparison of the aspect ratio of the submicron powder, the air heat conductivity and the total heat release amount increase 68 % and 2 times, respectively.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1139-1150
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• 1999

The evolution of silica aggregate particles in coflow diffusion flames has been studied experimentally using light scattering and thermophoretic sampling techniques. The measurements of scattering cross section from $90^{\circ}$ light scattering have been utilized to calculate the aggregate number density and volume fraction using with combination of measuring the particle size and morphology through the localized sampling and a TEM image analysis. Aggregate or particle number densities and volume fractions were calculated using Rayleigh-Debye-Gans and Mie theory for fractal aggregates and spherical particles, respectively. Of particular interests are the effects of flame temperature on the evolution of silica aggregate particles. As the flow rate of $H_2$ increases, the primary particle diameters of silica aggregates have been first decreased, but, further increase of $H_2$ flow rate causes the diameter of primary particles to increase and for sufficiently larger flow rates, the fractal aggregates finally become spherical particles. The variation of primary particle size along the upward jet centerline and the effect of burner configuration have also been studied.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2003

Effects of the electric conductivity of particles were studied for the aggregation process of charged particles with a Brownian dynamic simulation in the free molecular regime. A periodic boundary condition was used for the calculation of the aggregation process in each cell with 500 primary particles of 16 nm in diameter. We considered two extreme cases, a perfect conductor and a perfect nonconductor. The electrostatic force on a particle in the simulation cell was considered as a sum of electrostatic forces from other particles in the original cell and its replicate cells. We assumed that aggregates were only charged with pre-charged primary particles. The morphological shape of aggregates was described in terms of the fractal dimension. The fractal dimension for the uncharged aggregate was D$_{f}$= 1.761. However, the fractal dimension decreased from 1.694 to 1.360 for the case of the perfect conductor, and from 1.610 to 1.476 for the case of the perfect nonconductor, with the increase of the average number of charges on the primary particle from 0.2 to 0.3. These values were smaller than that of the centered charge case.e.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1152-1157
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• 2004

Temporal behavior of the laser induced incandescence (LII) signal is often used for soot particle sizing, which is possible because the cooling behavior of a laser heated particle is dependent on the particle size. In present study, LII signals of soot particles are modeled using two non-linear coupled differential equations deduced from the energy- and mass-balance of the process. The objective of this study is to see the effects of particle size, laser fluence on soot temperature characteristics and cooling behavior. Together with this, we focus on validating our simulation code by comparing with other previous results. Results of normalized LII signals obtained from various laser fluence conditions showed a good agreement with that of Dalzell and Sarofim's. It could be found that small particles cool faster at a constant laser fluence. And it also could be observed that vaporization is dominant process of heat loss during first 100ns after laser pulse, then heat conduction played most important role while thermal radiation had little influence all the time.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.225-237
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• 2023

Combination of novel technologies with traditional physiotherapy in rehabilitation in injured athletes have shown to provide improved time of recovery. In specific, nanodrugs delivery systems are widely utilized as a counterpart to the physiotherapy in injuries in sports. In the present study, we focus on the common injuries in dance-sports, their recovery and the effect combination of nano-particle drug delivery with the physiotherapy practices. In this regard, a comprehensive review on the common injuries in dance sport is provided. Moreover, the researches on the effectiveness of the nano-particle drug delivery in therapy of such injuries and in similar cases are provided. The possibility of using combination of nano-particle drug delivery and physiotherapy is discussed in detail. Finally, using artificial intelligence methods, predictions on the recovery time and after-treatment side-effects is investigated. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) predictions suggested that using nano-particle drug delivery systems along with physiotherapy practices could provide shortened treatment time to recovery in comparison to conventional drugs. Moreover, the post-recover effects are less than the conventional methods.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1583-1594
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 동층류 축대칭 확산화염에서 이전까지의 화염해석 방법들을 면 밀히 고찰하여 층류 확산화염 방식의 연소문제를 해결하는데 있어서 접근이 용이하고 타당성을 가지는 화염해석 방법을 찾아내는데 있으며 매연 입자에 관한 생성및 산화모 델을 총체적으로 연결하여 실험결과와의 비교를 통해 적절한 모델인수를 결정하며 복 사효과와 열영동효과를 고려하여 화염해석과 화염내의 매연입자의 분포를 예측하는데 있다.

• 공업화학
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.234-240
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• 2009

마그네슘염과 알칼리를 출발물질로 하는 수산화마그네슘 제조에서 공정 변수가 생성되는 입자의 크기, 형상 및 응집도에 미치는 영향에 대해 완전 요인배치(full factorial) 실험계획법(Design of experiment)으로 연구하였다. 수열합성에서는 알칼리/$MgCl_2$ 몰 비가 낮을수록, $MgCl_2$ 농도와 수열처리 온도가 높을수록 평균입경은 커지고 1차 입자 크기와 2차 입자 크기가 유사하지만, 침전법으로 제조한 수산화마그네슘은 1차 입자의 응집현상으로 2차 입경은 커지며, 응집성은 알칼리원의 종류와 $MgCl_2$의 농도에 따라 달라졌다. 알칼리원의 종류에 따른 차이는 $NH_4OH$를 사용한 경우 NaOH를 사용한 것보다 입자의 크기가 커지고 분산성이 우수하였다. 크기 및 표면 상태가 다른 샘플을 선정하여 LDPE와 EVA 혼합수지에 혼합하여 난연 특성을 비교하였을 때, 50, 55% 함량에서는 일반적으로 2차 입경 크기가 감소함에 따라 LOI값은 상승하지만, UL-94에서는 1차 입자가 작은 경우에 더 우수한 등급을 받는 경우가 있었다. 60%의 높은 함량에서 입자의 제조경로와 무관하게 UL-94는 V0 등급이지만, 미립이더라도 응집성있는 경우 한계산소지수가 상대적으로 낮다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2006

Most of the work reported concerned the semi-solid processing of low melting point alloys, and in particular light alloys of aluminum and magnesium. The purpose of this paper is to develop a semi-solid microstructure of Cu alloys using electromagnetic stirring applicable for squirrel cage rotor of induction motor. The size of primary solid particle and the degree of sphericity as a function of the variation in cooling rate, stirring speed, and holding time were observed. By applying electromagnetic stirring, primary solid particles became finer and rounder relative to as-cast sample. As the input frequency increased from 30 to 40 Hz, particle size decreased. The size of primary solid particle was found to be decreased with increasing cooling rate. Also, it decreased with stirring up to 3 minutes but increased above that point. The degree of sphericity became closer to be 1 with hold time. Semi-solid microstructure of Cu alloys, one of the high melting point alloys, could be controlled by electromagnetic stirring.