• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.2947-2951
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• 2016

A quasi-experimental study was conducted to develop a health education modification program based on self-efficacy and motivation regarding liver flukes and cholangiocarcinoma development in Keang Sanam Nang district, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. A total of 36 individuals were invited to participate in the program and were screened for population at risk of liver fluke infection and cholangiocarcinoma using SUT-OV-001 and SUT-CCA-001. Development of health education modification program regarding liver fluke and cholangiocarcinoma prevention included 3 steps: (1) preparation, (2) health education program, and (3) follow-up and evaluation. The study was implemented for 10 weeks. Pre-and-post-test knowledge was measured with questionnaires, Kuder-Richardson-20: KR-20 = 0.718,and Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient = 0.724 and 0.716 for percection and outcome expectation questionnaires. Paired and independent t-tests were applied for data analysis. The majority of the participants were female (55.6%), aged between ${\leq}50$ and 60 years old (36.1%), married (86.1%), education level of primary school (63.9%), agricultural occupation (80.6%), and income <4,000 Baht (44.4%). The results revealed that after the health education program, the experimental group had a mean score of knowledge, perception, and outcome expectation regarding liver fluke and cholangiocarcinoma prevention significantly higher than before participation and in the control group. In conclusion, this successful health education modification program for liver fluke and cholangiocarcinoma, therefore may useful for further work behavior modification in other epidemic areas.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.59-70
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• 2014

Purpose: The present study was to done ascertain variables related to health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and their related factors in elders from urban or rural areas. Methods: Data were collected from raw material of the 2009 community health survey. Participants were 2,140 elders. Health related quality of life (HRQOL) was measured using EQ-5D. Data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0. Results: Mean EQ index score for urban elders was $0.78{\pm}0.23$, Mean EQ index score for rural elders was $0.82{\pm}0.16$. Rural elders had significantly higher EQ-5D index value compared to urban elders. The urban elder HRQOL model accounted for 33.6% of the variance due to depression, age, stress perception. The rural elder HRQOL model accounted for 23.5% of the variance due to exercising walking, skipping breakfast, depression in that order. In comparison, depression, skipping breakfast, livelihood, arthritis, stress perception, hours of sleep and age are strongly associated with HRQOL in both groups. Conclusion: Results indicate that significant differences in HRQOL between elders from the two areas and thus, confirm claims that welfare services for elders should be provided with consideration of the different needs of elders in the two areas, and in particular for addressing depression in elders.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2009

Purpose: This study has a purpose to suggest research and intervention directions for health promoting behaviors (HPB) of the Korean middle-aged in the future. Methods: Forty four articles on HPB of the Korean middle-aged were reviewed and analyzed. The articles analyzed are theses written for a doctoral or master's degree and published between 1995 and 2007. Results: 1. As for the major characteristics of the subject groups, most of them were between 40 and 60 years old (61.4%), were females (79.5%), and resided in cities (84.1%). 2. The dependent variables adopted were physiological, psychological and cognitive factors (self-efficacy, knowledge of health management, etc.), HPB and factors related to Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP). 3. The average scores of HPLP were $1.57{\sim}3.08$ on a 4-point scale. The highest score was observed in self-actualization, and the lowest score in exercise. 4. Self-efficacy, perceived health status and income had significant correlations with HPB. 5. In regression analysis, self-efficacy, self-esteem and perceived health status were the most powerful predictors. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop intervention tools for more diverse HPB of the Korean middle-aged. The interventions are recommended to focus on increasing exercise and to use strategies for improving self-efficacy and self-esteem.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 2014

Purpose: The strudy was done to determine the effect of an exercise program using the muscle strengthening flowchart on flexibility and hand strength and depression of rural elderly women. Methods: For 11 months, from January 9, to November 29, 2013, a survey was done of 37 voluntary participants who were elderly women living in rural areas. This study was a one group pretest-posttest Quasi-experimental research design to identify the effectiveness of self-directed programs. The Korean version of the depression measurement tool (Jo and Kim, 1993) was used. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, descriptive statistics, and paired t-test with SPSS /PC 17.0 program. Results: Comparison of before and after the self-directed program showed that flexibility (p <.001), left grip strength (p <.001), and right grip strength (p <.001) were significantly increased. Depression (p <.001) was significantly reduced. Conclusion: The results of the study show that the exercise program using the muscle strengthening flowchart resulted in of significant muscle strengthening and reduction in depression in rural elderly women. Future use of the muscle strengthening flowchart is recommended to provide long-term operational exercise programs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.3-19
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was done to identify effects of preparation for death and depression on geriatric quality of life in rural communities and to identify whether preparation for death has a moderating effect on the relationship between depression and geriatric quality of life. Methods: Data from 210 rural elders over 65 years of age were obtained through face-to-face interviews with the elders and were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 program. Results: Quality of life of elders who had prepared for death was lower than for elders who had not prepared for death. Elders with higher psychological preparation for death had a higher quality of life. Ritual preparation for death had negative effects but they were not statistically significant. Psychological preparation for death had a moderating effect on depression and quality of life for elders in the rural community. The explanation power was 36.1% while ritual preparation for death had no moderating effect on either depression or quality of life. Conclusions: It is necessary to provide rural elders with intervention programs designed to improve positive thinking and attitudes to living considering religion in the process. Intervention programs to improve psychological preparation for death are also required to alleviate depression.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.311-322
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the compliance to a low-salt diet, sodium intake, and preferred salty taste in elderly patients with hypertension. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Participants were 105 elderly patients with hypertension living in a rural area. The compliance with a low-salt diet, sodium intake, and preferred salty taste, blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference were measured, and compared according to the general characteristics and the levels of blood pressure. Descriptive statistics, $X^2$-test, t-test, and ANOVA were used for data analysis. Results: compliance with a low-salt diet was marginally elevated. Sodium intake was relatively high and the main sources were seasonings and vegetables. The participants tended to prefer high levels of salt. Sodium intake was significantly higher the hypertensive individuals (stage I and II) compared to prehypertensive subjects on a normal maintenance diet. Sodium intake from vegetables was also significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Nursing intervention for hypertensive elderly patients should include strategies to decrease sodium intake.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2014

Background: Bankrupted households have recently been increased due to excessive medical expenditure in Korea. They have not been protected from economic risk when household's member has severe diseases that need a lot of money for treatment. Purpose of this study examines policy effect by comparing unmet needs' change of policy object households and non-object groups. Methods: We used Korea Health panel 2nd 4th data collected by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs and National Health Insurance Service. Analysis subjects were 381 households (pre-policy) and 393 households (post-policy) that had cancer and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Since it was major concern that estimates benefit strengthening policy started by certain time, we setup comparing households which had diabetes, hypertension disease. Comparison subjects were 393,247 households, respectively and we evaluated policy effect using difference in difference (DID) model. Results: Although unmet needs of policy object households were higher than non-object groups, policy execution variable affected negative direction. But interaction-term which shows pure effect of policy was not statistically significant. We utilized multi-DID model to examine factors affecting unmet needs causes. Copayment assistance policy did not significantly affect households that responded to 'economic reason,' and 'no have time to visit' for unmet needs causes. Conclusion: The second copayment assistance policy did not significantly give positive effect to beneficiary households than non-beneficiary groups. When we consider that primary purpose of public insurance guarantee high medical expenditure occurred by unexpected events, it needs to deliberate on switch of benefit strengthening policy that can assist vulnerable people. Also, we suggest that government forward a policy covering non-reimbursable medical expenses as well as switch of benefit strengthening direction because benefit policy do not affect non-covered medical cost which accounts for quarter of total health expenditure.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.15.1-15.7
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• 2018

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the shaping ability of 2 thermally treated nickel-titanium reciprocating systems in simulated curved canals. Materials and Methods: Forty simulated canals were prepared to apical size 25 using Reciproc Blue R25 (VDW) and WaveOne Gold Primary (Dentsply Sirona) instruments. Standard pre- and post-preparation images were taken and superimposed. The removal of resin material was measured at 5 standard points: the canal orifice, halfway between the canal orifice and the beginning of the curve, the beginning of the curve, the apex of the curve, and the end-point of the simulated canal. The data were analysed using the independent sample t-test with a 5% significance threshold. Results: The canals in which Reciproc Blue R25 was used showed a significantly greater widening than those in which WaveOne Gold was used at 4 of the 5 measurement points (p < 0.05). The Reciproc Blue R25 instrument removed significantly more resin from the inner aspect of the curve at 2 of the 5 points and similar amounts at the remaining 3 points. At the 2 apical points, there was no significant difference between the Reciproc Blue R25 and WaveOne Gold Primary instruments. Conclusion: Both instruments respected the original canal anatomy; however, WaveOne Gold resulted in a more conservative shape with less transportation.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the health promotion behavior, health problem, perceived health status and farmers' syndrome of rural residents. Methods: The subjects of this study were 637 adults of 19 primary health care post extracted from 1.875 primary health care post in Korea by quota sampling method. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation. Results: The average score of health promotion behavior was 2.23. In the sub-scales, the highest degree of performance was 'nutrition', followed by 'spiritual growth' and the lowest degree of performance was 'physical activity'. The most prevalent health problem was ailments in 'musculoskeletal system', followed by 'fatigue', 'eyes and ears', 'cardiovascular system'. The mean score of perceived health status was 8.54. The prevalence of farmers' syndrome was 98.4%. Health promotion behavior showed a significant positive correlation health status and perceived health status showed a significant negative farmers' syndrome. Conclusions: With the above findings, rural residents' physical activity is less than urban residents', and the rural resident's score of perceived health status, musculoskeletal system and fatigue are lower than urban residents'. The farmers' syndrome of the rural people is high. A tailored health promotion program for rural community is needed to develop in the consideration of these findings.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.498-507
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• 2024

In the field of mental health care, long-term healing programs have gained widespread recognition for their effectiveness in promoting well-being. However, the efficacy of shorter-term interventions, such as 1-night 2-day programs, remains relatively understudied. The primary objective of this initiative is twofold: firstly, to enhance the overall well-being and resilience of participants, and secondly, to investigate the program's potential to ameliorate specific mental health indicators. These indicators include physical stress levels, autonomic nervous system health, brain activity, brain stress, and concentration. A 1-night 2-day mental health healing program was implemented for 560 civil servants from Jeollanam-do (mean age 47.87 yrs). The focus was on measuring changes through baseline assessments before participation and post-program assessments upon completion. Measurements included physical stress index, autonomic nervous system health, brain activity level, brain stress, and brain concentration. There was a significant decrease in physical stress, as well as a significant decrease in autonomic nervous system health (p<0.05). Although there was no significant difference in brain activity level, there was a tendency for brain activity level to stabilize in the high-frequency range. Additionally, a significant decrease in stress levels and an improvement in concentration were observed. Incorporating 1-night 2-day relaxation programs into our daily lives offers a holistic approach to caring for both our physical and mental health, providing essential moments of rejuvenation and self-care that contribute to overall well-being and fulfillment.