• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is evaluated scatter radiation in digital radiological condition by using photo-stimulated luminescence (BaFBr:$Eu^{2+}$). Experiment condition changed kVp (from 50 kVp to 120 kVp), filed size (from $4{\times}4cm^2$ to $26{\times}26cm^2$) and phantom thickness (from 1 cm to 15 cm). This method was analysed ImageJ and characteristic curve of CR. This results was scatter radiation to primary radiation ratio increased from 50 kVp to 70 kVp, and it was fixed at over 80 kVp. The scatter radiation to primary radiation ratio are increased according to increasing the ratio of field size. Scatter radiation is also increased by increasing the phantom thickness.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.163-169
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• 2014

Purpose: To report the results of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for unresectable primary or recurrent cholangiocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: From January 2005 through August 2013, 58 patients with unresectable primary (n = 28) or recurrent (n = 30) cholangiocarcinoma treated by SBRT were retrospectively analyzed. The median prescribed dose was 45 Gy in 3 fractions (range, 15 to 60 Gy in 1-5 fractions). Patients were treated by SBRT only (n = 53) or EBRT + SBRT boost (n = 5). The median tumor volume was 40 mL (range, 5 to 1,287 mL). Results: The median follow-up duration was 10 months (range, 1 to 97 months). The 1-year, 2-year overall survival rates, and median survival were 45%, 20%, and 10 months, respectively. The median survival for primary group and recurrent group were 5 and 13 months, respectively. Local control rate at 1-year and 2-year were 85% and 72%, respectively. Disease progression-free survival rates at 1-year and 2-year were 26% and 23%, respectively. In univariate analysis, ECOG performance score (0-1 vs. 2-3), treatment volume (<50 vs. ${\geq}50mL$), and pre-SBRT CEA level (<5 vs. ${\geq}5ng/mL$) were significant in overall survival rate. In multivariate analysis, ECOG score (p = 0.037) and tumor volume (p = 0.030) were statistically significant. In the recurrent tumor group, patients with >12 months interval from surgery to recurrence showed statistically significant higher overall survival rate than those with ${\leq}12$ months (p = 0.026). Six patients (10%) experienced ${\geq}$grade 3 complications. Conclusion: SBRT can be considered as an effective local modality for unresectable primary or recurrent cholangiocarcinoma.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 2015

Purpose: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been introduced for small-sized single and oligo-metastases in the brain. The aim of this study is to assess treatment outcome, efficacy, and prognostic variables associated with survival and intracranial recurrence. Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed 123 targets in 64 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with SRS between January 2006 and December 2012. Treatment responses were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging. Overall survival (OS) and intracranial progression-free survival (IPFS) were determined. Results: The median follow-up was 13.9 months. The median OS and IPFS were 14.1 and 8.9 months, respectively. Fifty-seven patients died during the follow-up period. The 5-year local control rate was achieved in 85% of 108 evaluated targets. The 1- and 2-year OS rates were 55% and 28%, respectively. On univariate analysis, primary disease control (p < 0.001), the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (0-1 vs. 2; p = 0.002), recursive partitioning analysis class (1 vs. 2; p = 0.001), and age (<65 vs. ${\geq}65$ years; p = 0.036) were significant predictive factors for OS. Primary disease control (p = 0.041) and ECOG status (p = 0.017) were the significant prognostic factors for IPFS. Four patients experienced radiation necrosis. Conclusion: SRS is a safe and effective local treatment for brain metastases in patients with NSCLC. Uncontrolled primary lung disease and ECOG status were significant predictors of OS and intracranial failure. SRS might be a tailored treatment option along with careful follow-up of the intracranial and primary lung disease status.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1986

RTOG proposed a multivariate modelling system predicting the response of head and neck cancers to radiation therapy in 1984. The aim of this study was to veri(y whether PPC (Probaility of primary clearance calculated by a multivariate modelling system) had any correlation with the survival in the patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx following radiation therapy Analysing 81 patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated with radiotherapy between January 1, 1971 and December 31, 1983 at Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center the actuarial 5 year survival rate was $36\%$ and median survival was 39 months. The survivals for Group 1 (27 who had more than $80\%$ of PPC), Group 2 (20 who had between 71 and $80\%$ of PPC), and Group 3 (29 who had less than $71\%$ of PPC) were $66\%$ (median survival months : more than 72), $27\%$ (31), and $4\%$ (12) respectively. There was a definite correlation between PPC and survival among the three groups.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.129-139
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• 2022

C-arm fluoroscopy is a useful tool for interventional pain management. However, with the increasing use of C-arm fluoroscopy, the risk of accumulated radiation exposure is a significant concern for pain physicians. Therefore, efforts are needed to reduce radiation exposure. There are three types of radiation exposure sources: (1) the primary X-ray beam, (2) scattered radiation, and (3) leakage from the X-ray tube. The major radiation exposure risk for most medical staff members is scattered radiation, the amount of which is affected by many factors. Pain physicians can reduce their radiation exposure by use of several effective methods, which utilize the following main principles: reducing the exposure time, increasing the distance from the radiation source, and radiation shielding. Some methods reduce not only the pain physician's but also the patient's radiation exposure. Taking images with collimation and minimal use of magnification are ways to reduce the intensity of the primary X-ray beam and the amount of scattered radiation. It is also important to carefully select the C-arm fluoroscopy mode, such as pulsed mode or low-dose mode, for ensuring the physician's and patient's radiation safety. Pain physicians should practice these principles and also be aware of the annual permissible radiation dose as well as checking their radiation exposure. This article aimed to review the literature on radiation safety in relation to C-arm fluoroscopy and provide recommendations to pain physicians during C-arm fluoroscopy-guided interventional pain management.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 1989

A patient with primary adenocarcinoma of Bartholin's gland is reported and the literatures relevant to this disease reviewed. Not only this disease is very rare but also primary carcinomas of Bartholin's gland are misdiagnosed as cysts or abscesses in half of the cases, leading to considerable delay in diagnosis. And so, It was wasted long time before definitive therapy. However, because of a different clinical behavior, cancer of the Bartholin's gland should be distinguished from other vulvar carcinomas. Histologically, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are the most common. Virtually all histologic types of Bartholin's gland carcinoma metastasize to lymph node, bone, lung and liver in distant sites. The authors data and a review of the literature support the concept that radical vulvectomy with or without bilateral inguinal-femoral lymphadenectomy is required. On the other hand, except primary radiation treatment for small or medium sized cancers, the results obtained by radiation therapy in carcinoma of the vulva including Bartholin's gland are generally discouraging. A role for postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy suggests because of high incidence of positive inguinal-femoral Iymph nodes. In the near time, natural history and biological behavior of Bartholin's gland cancer must be disclosed in detail. And also optimal treatment modality and prognostic factors shall be determine.

• 대한두경부종양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.71-74
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• 2006

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2018

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor of the skin initially believed to arise from the Merkel cells. In the community setting a general radiation oncologist may only encounter this pathology in a handful of cases over the course of their career. Due to the low incidence of this malignancy, few prospective randomized controlled trials have ever been conducted and therefore guidelines are based on relatively lower levels of evidence upon which the clinical recommendations are made. We discuss the case of a female in her 90s presenting with a classic MCC primary lesion, as well as satellite lesions proximal to both the primary and the draining regional lymph nodes with no evidence of nodal involvement. Here we discuss the presentation, management, treatment planning, underlying pathology, results and sequelae of treatment. We also review new treatment modalities, and the most current staging systems and guidelines.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1984

One hundred and twenty patients with brain metastases were seen and evaluated in the Dept. of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital between 1979 and 1983. Of these, 90 Patients received whole brain irradiation with 2,000 ra4 in 1 week or 3,000 rad in 2 weeks for Palliative Purpose and 30 patients failed to complete the planned treatment. Carcinoma of the lung(44 cases), choriocarcinoma(11 cases), breast(8 cases) were common Primary tumors of 90 patients receiving planned treatment. Symptomatic subjective response was obtained in $92\%$ of Patients and meurologic functional improvement was obtained in $42\%$ of patients. Median survival was 6.4 months in patients with complete treatment an·d less than 2 months in Patients with incomplete treatment, overall survival rate at 1 year and 2 year were $26\%,\;16\%$ in Patients with complete treatment and $8\%,\;0\%$ in patients with incomplete treatment. Primary site, extent of metastases and interval from diagnosis of primary tumor to brain metastases were identified as prognostic factors.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.638-644
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• 2017

The importance of developing a source-term assessment technology has been emphasized owing to the decommissioning of Kori nuclear power plant (NPP) Unit 1 and the increase of deteriorated NPPs. We analyzed the behavioral mechanism of corrosion products in the primary system of a pressurized heavy-water reactor-type NPP. In addition, to check the possibility of applying the CRUDTRAN code to a Canadian Deuterium Uranium Reactor (CANDU)-type NPP, the type was assessed using collected domestic onsite data. With the assessment results, it was possible to predict trends according to operating cycles. Values estimated using the code were similar to the measured values. The results of this study are expected to be used to manage the radiation exposures of operators in high-radiation areas and to predict decommissioning processes in the primary system.