• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1061-1073
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• 2009

Stock price index option investing is a scientific investment method and various index and investment strategies have been developed. The purpose of this study is to apply the variety of option investment strategies that have been introduced in the market and validate them using past option trading data. Option data was based on an actual stock exchange market tick data ranging from September 2001 to January 2007. Visual Basic is used to propose an option back-testing model. Validation process was carried out by transferring the tick data into ten-minute intervals and empirically analyzed. Furthermore, most option-related strategies have been applied to the model, and the usefulness of each strategies can be easily evaluated. As option investment has high leverage followed by high risks and profit, the optimal option investment strategy should be used according to the market condition at the time to make stable profit with minimum risk.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.16
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• pp.83-114
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• 2001

This paper is focussed on the main features and problems of SGA amendment. main features and problems are as below. First, SGA section 14 uses a new term, that of "satisfactory quality", which is defined in a somewhat circular way and introduces some guidelines in order to solve other problems perceived as arising under the "merchantable quality". The change was largely to assist in the better resolution of consumer disputes and not necessary for commercial disputes because the change involves the substitution of a phrase which meant something but was inappropriate to commercial disputes. As with the definition of "merchantable quality", a court can take the new formulation as an invitation to start afresh; or it can refer to the previous case law. Second, before the SGA amendment, a contract for the sale of undifferentiated part of a bulk shipped or to be shipped on a named ship was a contract for the sale of unascertained goods. So the effect was that property could not pass to the buyer, even though he had paid the price in full, before the goods become ascertained. The main object of the SGA amendment was to improve the buyer's position where he had paid for a specified quantity of goods forming an undifferentiated part of an identified bulk and the seller then became insolvent before the goods for which the buyer had paid were ascertained. The improvement was achieved by making section 16 of the SGA 1979 subject to a new section 20A and includig section 20B, under which a buyer of a specified quantity bulk can acquire a proprietary interest in the bulk. This proprietary solution still has some problems in international sale of goods. Therefore, it would be more appropriated SGA should settle disputes between parties through payment, passing of risk, delivery of goods and/or documents etc. instead of property rights like UCC.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.785-794
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• 2002

Automatic stock trading systems should be able to solve various kinds of optimization problems such as market trend prediction, stock selection, and trading strategies, in a unified framework. But most of the previous trading systems based on supervised learning have a limit in the ultimate performance, because they are not mainly concerned in the integration of those subproblems. This paper proposes a stock trading system, called R-Trader, based on reinforcement teaming, regarding the process of stock price changes as Markov decision process (MDP). Reinforcement learning is suitable for Joint optimization of predictions and trading strategies. R-Trader adopts two popular reinforcement learning algorithms, temporal-difference (TD) and Q, for selecting stocks and optimizing other trading parameters respectively. Technical analysis is also adopted to devise the input features of the system and value functions are approximated by feedforward neural networks. Experimental results on the Korea stock market show that the proposed system outperforms the market average and also a simple trading system trained by supervised learning both in profit and risk management.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.96-106
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• 2018

The government adopted activation policy of real estate to overcome low economic growth rate. Real estate activation plan adopted by the government raised credit limit by lowering the regulation, and reduced real estate investment cost by reducing the base rate. Also, delayed transfer tax on multi-house owner to activate real estate investment and resolved purchase right resale. Relief of real estate regulate caused increase of housing sales and price increase, and the real estate market changed to overheating aspect such as premium upon completion of lot sale in a short time. Such market atmosphere greatly increased household debs as owners own houses based on 'financial debt' instead of their income. Since 2017, real estate policy was reinforced to reduce household debts and lending rate was raised due to rise of base rate, accordingly, burden of household debt is expected to increase. This research suggested a plan for the Financial Supervisory Service to efficiently manage the financial world by analyzing the cause and problem of household debs.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.93-98
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• 2014

Bicycle accidents increase as the number of people riding bicycles increases following the trend try to enhance health and looking for alternative energy sources in the era of high oil price. In bicycle accident cases, physical risk is higher because the impact of the accident has a direct effect on the body of the rider. Therefore, the bicycle rider in an accident might unable to report the accident by themselves, thus, unable to quickly respond to the accident situation. This study developed a system for informing bicycle accidents upon bicycle accident by reporting and texting the accident location using a smart phone application after identifying the accident location using a GPS equipment based on the signal that senses the accident through the system installed in the bicycle for the purpose to improve bicycle riders' safety. This study confirmed the effectiveness of the system developed to quickly respond to the accident to prevent secondary damage through an experiment.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.213-231
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• 2003

This paper uses the Efficient Method of Moments(EMM) of Gallant and Tauchen to estimate continuous-time stochastic volatility diffusion model for the Korean Composite Stock Price Index, sampled daily over $1995\sim2002$. The estimates display non-normality of stock index return, leptokurtic distribution, and stochastic volatility. Funker, this study suggests that two factor stochastic volatility model will be more desirable than one factor stochastic volatility model to estimate daily Korean stock return and also suggests that the stochastic volatility diffusions should allow for Poisson jumps of time-varying intensity.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.412-420
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• 2010

With increased complexity of product and market, the phenomenon that a consumer get paradoxical attitude toward marketing object has been increased. And this phenomenon eventually affects the relationship between consumer and product. In this study we tried to find more paradoxical phenomenon and understand consumer behavior confronting these situations when they buy agro-product based on ground theory methodology. According to the results, consumer's expectation and purchase experience can promote quality paradox experience during confronting various marketing activities such as price, product, promotion, place. Also these experience can cause quality paradox related interaction and communication even though there could be differences in their experience according to demographic characteristics, personal preference, and risk perception. Consumer will develop multiple strategies against quality paradox to manage the uncomfortable paradox experiences.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6557-6559
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• 2015

Background: Cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among young women (20-25 years of age) is common and normally transient. There are growing concerns that referral to a colposcopy clinic may lead to unnecessary treatment with an increased risk of obstetric complications. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the level of intervention for cervical abnormalities in this age group of the Northern Ireland population. Materials and Methods: A review of all serial new patients under 25 years of age, who were referred to colposcopy clinics in Northern Ireland between January 1, 2009 to June 30, 2009 formed the basis of this study. Results: During the study period, a total of 4,767 women under 25 years of age were screened. Two-hundred-and-thirty-four (4.9%) cases were referred to the colposcopy clinics. The cervical cytology results were: high-grade abnormality in 35%, and low-grade abnormality in 31% of these cases. One-hundred-and-seventy-eight (76%) of the referred women received at least one treatment. One-hundred-and-twenty-one of 234 (51.5%) women underwent an excisional treatment with histology showing the presence of high-grade abnormalities (CIN2-3) in 52%, CIN1 in 28%, and Koilocytosis or normal tissue in 20% of this sub-group of cases. Conclusions: Screening women under the age of 25 years cause unnecessary referral for colposcopy. This may also result in considerable anxiety and psychosexual morbidity. It leads to an over-treatment with a potential of negative impact on the future pregnancy outcomes (including pre-term delivery, low birth weight, and pre-term premature rupture of membranes).

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.85-101
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• 2011

Just as traditional markets nationwide, traditional markets in Jeju area also face a crisis due to expansion of new distribution channel and price competitiveness of large distribution companies. There are various support programs currently being carried out to prevent all risk factors of the traditional markets as government policies. But, these programs have failed to bring a positive change due to lack of specialized products of the traditional market, lack of systematic marketing and customer management, lack of market vendors' consciousness reformation. The purpose of this study is to prepare political measures to promote the revitalization of traditional markets in Jeju area and overcome these limits. To achieve this, this study analyzed the conditions of traditional markets in Jeju area and presented the specialization of items and service for each traditional market, establishment of growth strategies in connection with tourist industry and reinforcement of marketing competitiveness as measures to create a synergy effect.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.269-286
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• 2005

The exchange rate volatility has been increased since the time when the floating exchange rate system was introduced in Korea. As a result, the increase of the exchange rate volatility raised the risk in international trades in Korea. The purpose of this study in to study the feature of exchange rate volatility and the main sources of its increase and to confirm whether the exchange rate volatility influence export volume and price of Korea. In the first place, I measured exchange rate volatility with two methods. The one is descriptive statistic method such as the width of daily exchange rate fluctuation and the rate of exchange rate devaluation. The other is the time varying conditional variance of exchange rate. Then, I studied the sources of exchange rate volatility. In the second place, I defined the exchange rate volatility as the time varying conditional variance and estimated it by using elastic a approach model which shows exchange rate is affected by itself and its conditional variance, I estimated its effects on export volumes and prices of electric home appliances, information & communication equal and semi-conductor. The result of this study is as follows. With presumed result EU and Korea because is not the goods which is to substantial competition relationship, The effect where the relative value change of presumed result expression anger and the dollar of import and export function goes mad to the import and export of Korea the income compared to is to export and it is appearing a lot. The EU goods is sold more expensively the Korean goods than from about length being caused by American market of the dollar and the balance of trade of Korea is visible like being visible the improvement of single breadth. Because the relationship of competition is weak but substantially there is to a short term and expression - the effect where the dollar rate fluctuation is big in Korean trade there is a possibility of saying that widely known it is not.