• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2019

This study intended to examine the relationship between inflation and unemployment rate in Indonesia during 1987 to 2018 period. The study applied a quantitative method using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) in order to comprehensively understand the causality between inflation and unemployment rates. The data were collected from various main sources including the World Bank, Central Bank of Indonesia, and Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The findings showed that inflation has a one-way relationship toward unemployment in Indonesia and it occurs at the third lag. Impulse Response Function (IRF), shows that the inflation rate are fluctuating in response to the shock of unemployment. The unemployment rate responses to shocks from inflation initially increased until it is eventually diminished. It shows that the shocks caused by the impact of inflation were only in the short term. Further, inflation in the three previous lags will have consequences for the unemployment rate in the year. Lastly, both in the long run and short run, unemployment did not affect inflation rates. These findings suggest that high inflation in Indonesia is determined the rising price of basic commodities and fuel. In addition, most companies in Indonesia applying capital intensive so that employment growth in Indonesia is small.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.515-526
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• 2014

본 연구는 '전주한옥마을 보전정비사업'을 본격적으로 추진함에 따라 전주한옥마을 자체의 공시지가 변화와 그로 인해 주변 인근지역 토지가격에 어느 정도 영향을 미치는지를 규명하기 위하여 시계열분석, t-검정, 분산분석을 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 시계열자료분석에서 한옥마을의 평균 공시지가는 상승하고 있었으나, 인근지역은 꾸준히 하락하고 있었다. 둘째, 시계열자료의 전년대비 평균 공시지가 변화률은 한옥마을을 (+) 상승하고 있으며, 인근지역도 완만한 상승으로 조만간 (+) 상승으로 전환될 예정이다. 셋째, 전주 및 한옥마을 방문 관광객수가 2008년 이후 가파르게 증가하고 있었다. 넷째, 용도지역별 공시지가를 상승시키기 위해서는 최우선적으로 상업지역에 대한 전략이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.162-174
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• 1998

Though the growth rate of the population of aged people in Korea is rapidly rising, research about this age group is relatively scarce compared to those about younger groups. This paper aimed to survey the clothing purchasing behaviors and clothing dissatisfaction of the aged women in Korea. A questionnaire concerning demographic status, clothing purchasing behaviors and clothing dissatisfactions was administered to 430 aged women residing in Seoul. Results showed that the aged women are as much well-planning, logical, and consumer-right-conscious purchasers as they are aesthetically demanding. 9 factors including product quality, design, sales service qualities revealed to be important factors explaining their dissatisfaction. But the strongest clothing dissatisfactions of the aged women were found to be those factors related to high price, lack of exclusive merchandising practices for the aged, and difficulty in the handling of clothing items. Their age and income status had partial influence on their purchasing behaviors and clothing dissatisfaction.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 1996

Though pheasants (Korean ring-necked pheasant) have been raised for several decades, their behavior and wild nature are far from domestication. The pheasant is a seasonal breeding species and lays a limited number of eggs in a breeding season. The growth rate and feed efficiency of pheasants are very low as compaired with those of chicken for meat purpose. In addition, the breeder's access to one's herd for care is not easy. From these reasons, pheasants seem to be unsuitable for meat production in a large flock at present. However, pheasant raising is expected to increase slowly in accordance with rising demand for special poultry meat. Therefore, it is necessary to improve techniques about raising, feeding and rnanagement, so that the consumer price of pheasant meat can be lowered down reasonably.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2013

Abalone aquaculture has developed very rapidly in Korea. Until the mid 1990s it has annually produced about 100 tons. Since then the yield has increased to about 9,000 tons in 2012. The amount accounts for 20% of the global abalone yield. About 86% of produced abalone is consumed domestically and the rest is exported. 100 tons for export seemed as an unattainable goal back in 2003. However, the export rose up to 1,333 tons in 2012. Despite its rapid growth, Korean abalone industry is faced with some problems. The first is the slowdown of yield increase rates. Abalone production increased by 50~60% until the mid 2000. However, the rate continued to drop to below 10%. Reasons behind the slow increase are deteriorating aquaculture grounds and worsening market problems. Constant aquaculture aggravated productivity and overcrowded facilities at a limited space made matters worse. Moreover, abalone export has stalled and so did domestic consumption. In the meantime, rising mortality of young abalone has lowered productivity at abalone breeding places. The mortality rates of abalone remained below 5% in the early 2000s but rose to 30~40% these days. This translates into rising abalone prices. The market problems imply stagnant or shrinking export as well as domestic consumption. The export increase rates took a nosedive from 200 to below 50 between the early 2000s and the late 2000s. Moreover, the increase rates of domestic consumption have become remarkably sluggish. According to, it stood at 50~60% in the mid 2000s but continued to decrease after 2008. These problems, in turn, affected the size of abalone. The usual abalone size for market was 10~12 shells per kg, but recently the size became smaller and smaller to 15~16 shells per kg. The change of size implies shift in consumption patterns: Consumers not only eat live abalone but also they cook soup with it. The size of abalone for uncooked dish is usually very big, like 10~12 shells per kg. In contrast, smaller abalone, such as 20~25 shells per kg, are used for making soup. Increasing use of smaller abalone leads to lower income of abalone aquaculture households. This is partly because that the size determines the price and the price gap between big abalones and smaller ones is extreme in Korea. For the sustainable growth of Korean abalone industry, we need to come up with strategies. First, a reasonable production system needs to be in place, especially for better management of abalone aquaculture grounds. Management of abalone licenses is also necessary because local governments issue relevant licenses as well as supervising abalone grounds. Second, abalone export destination need to be diversified. Japan, the major importer of Korean abalone, takes up a lion's share of export, at 95%. Third, new consumption style of abalone needs to be developed. Abalone used to be consumed as 'raw type' or Sashimi in Korea. This sole type of consumption hampers the growth of abalone market. Moreover, more strategies are needed to encourage and distribute home cooking of abalone rather than eating-out at restaurants. Last but not least, distribution system should be improved for better delivery of live abalone.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to empirically explore micro and macroeconomic factors affecting the Pakistani sugar industries and searching the energy potential of this industry, through the survey of literature. The empirical part has been explored by employing Vector Autoregression (VAR), Granger Causality tests and simultaneous equation models through quarterly data for the period of 1991q2-2008q4. The study also aims to devise policies for the development of sugar industries and identify its growing importance for the energy sector of Pakistan. Empirical tests applied on the domestic prices of sugar, domestic interest rates, and exchange rate, productive capacities of sugar mills, per capita income, world sugar prices on cultivable area and sugar production reveal very useful results. Results reveal an improvement of productive capacity of the sugar mills of Pakistan on account of increasing crushing capacity of this sector. Negative effect of rising wholesale prices on the harvesting area was also observed. Profit earnings of the sugar mills significantly increase with the rise of sugar prices but the system does not exist for the farming community to share the rising prices of sugar. The models indicate positive and significant effect of local prices of sugar on its volume of import. Another of the findings of this study positively relates the local sugar markets with the international prices of sugar. Additionally, the causality tests results reveal exchange rate, harvesting area and overall output of sugarcane to have significant effects on the local prices of sugar. Similarly, import of sugar, interest rate, per capita consumption of sugar, per capita national income and the international prices of sugar also significantly affect currency exchange rate of Pakistani rupee in terms of US$. The study also finds sugar as an essential and basic necessity of the Pakistani consumers. That is why there are no significant income and price effects on the per capita consumption of sugar in Pakistan. All the empirical methods reiterate the relationship of variables. Economic policy makers are recommended to improve governance and management in the production, stock taking, internal and external trading and distribution of sugar in Pakistan using bumper crop policies. Macroeconomic variables such as interest rate, exchange rate per capita income and consumption are closely connected with the production and distribution of sugar in Pakistan. The cartelized role of the sugar industries should also be examined by further studies. There is need to further explore sugar sector of Pakistan with the perspective of energy generation through this sector; cartelized sugar markets in Pakistan and many more other dimensions of this sector. Exact appraisal of sugar industries for energy generation can be done appropriately by the experts from applied sciences.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.29-52
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• 1989

본 조사분석은 1988년 9월부터 1989년 1월까지 일본에서 자료수집, 견학, 방간조사 된 것을 보고한다. (1) 1955연도 농업총생산액 중 축산업 10.5％중 양계업이 4.6％이였으나, 1985연도에는 축산업이 28.9％로 비중이 확대되었으며 양계업은 8.2％로 신장되었다. 반면, 미맥류는 60.3％에서 34.3％로 감소하였다. 타 축산업 또 낙농 7.9％, 육년 4.3％, 돈 7.9％로서 양계산업의 비중이 큼을 나타내고 있다. (2) 채난계사육농가호수를 보면 ,1955연도에 450만수였던 것이 1986년도에는 와서는 116천 호로 1/39로 감소되었으며, '87∼' 88연도에는 사상 최대ㆍ불황이 계속되어 더욱 감소될 전망이다. (3)사육수를 보면 1955연도에 3,954 만수였던 것이 1986연도에는 12,965 만수로서 3배 이상의 증가를 가져왔다. 현재 채난계수가 인구수와 비교하여 많은 것으로 되어있으며, 국민1인당 300개의 계란을 소비하고 있다. 앞으로 수요가 확대되지 않는 한 고도의 기술향상으로 생산능역의 향상을 예측하게 됨으로 사육수수는 증가하지 못하게 되며, 오히려 감소가 예상된다. (4) 채난계 경영형태는 농가양계는 거의 없어지고, 전업양계에서 기업양계, 시설통합양계로 발전되고 있다. 즉, 수평통합과 수직적 통합의 결합된 순환적 통합으로 전개되고 있다. (5)계란의 유통마진을 줄이고 품질을 보장하는 유통개혁으로, 생산자와 소비자가 직결되는 도시전업양계, 집국양계. 권지양계, 통합상사양계로 발전되고 있다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.65-84
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• 2012

Because of the rising healthcare costs, there is a growing need for developing efficiency indicators for medical resources use and measuring efficiency of healthcare providers and healthcare systems using them. In this study, we aimed to develop efficiency indicators for medical resources use by means of Delphi technique. We systematically reviewed the existing measures of medical resource use. Thirty nine indicators were selected as a candidates across the six domains: medical personnel, medical equipment, medical facilities, ethical management, resource efficiency, and drug use. To develop efficiency indicators with professional consensus, a 2-round Delphi survey was conducted among 29 professional experts. The following indicators were selected based on the Delphi survey results: adjusted number of the patient per day and level of the nurse number medical personnel in medical personnel domain; the number of the scan a professional physician and the quality of the scan in medical equipment domain; bed utilization rate in medical facility domain; drug price reported pharmaceutical price by medical institutions, medical fee billing transparency, and medical care appropriateness in ethical management domain; costliness index in resource efficiency domain; and utilization of high cost drug and items per prescription in drug use domain. The efficiency indicators could provide valid information about efficiency of healthcare providers and healthcare systems with respect to their resources use and facilitate policies to improve their efficiency.

• 항공우주산업기술동향
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2009

그 동안 항공부품시장은 높은 신뢰성과 안전성을 요구하는 항공산업의 특성로 인해 OEM(Original Equipment Manufacturer) 부품이 주도하여 왔다. 그러나 제조기술의 발전, 경기침체, 유가상승 및 아시아-태평양 신흥 시장의 부각 등의 환경적 변화로 인해, 최근, 항공시장에서의 PMA 부품에 대한 관심이 지속적으로 증대되고 있다. 실제로 2006년 이후 FAA PMA 승인부품은 매년 40,000 개씩 증가하고 있으며, PMA 부품 보급률(아시아-태평양 시장)은 2007년 2.5%에서 2017년 8%까지 증대될 것으로 예상되고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 항공부품 승인제도에 대한 이해를 도모하고, 새로운 PMA 시장을 살펴보기 위해 FAA PMA/EASA EPA의 절차상 요건과 PMA 부품시장 현황을 소개하였다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.763-779
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• 2007

최근 고유가와 교토의정서의 발효에 따라 에너지 이용효율성 제고와 온실가스 배출삭감의 필요성이 증대되고 있는 상황에서 소형열병합 발전이 주목받고 있다. 본 연구는 열병합발전의 판매전력가격의 변동성으로 인해 미래수익이 불확실할 경우를 상정하여, 비가역적 성격의 열병합발전 설비투자에 대한 경제성 평가 모형을 제시한다. 이를 위해 실물옵션 기법을 이용하였다. 전력가격의 평균회귀성을 실증적으로 반영한 시설규모별 발전설비에 대한 모의실험 결과, 40Gcal 용량 이상의 발전설비에 대해 경제성이 보장되는 것으로 나왔다. 열병합발전의 경제성은 투자비용과 열수요 판매가격, 할인율에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.