Objectives: The aim of this study was to calculate the burden of stroke in Kurdistan Province, Iran between 2011 and 2017. Methods: Incidence data extracted from the hospital information system of Kurdistan Province and death data extracted from the system of registration and classification of causes of death were used in a cross-sectional study. The World Health Organization method was used to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Results: The burden of stroke increased from 2453.44 DALYs in 2011 to 5269.68 in 2017, the years of life lost increased from 2381.57 in 2011 to 5109.68 in 2017, and the years of healthy life lost due to disability increased from 71.87 in 2011 to 159.99 in 2017. The DALYs of ischaemic stroke exceeded those of haemorrhagic stroke. The burden of disease, new cases, and deaths doubled during the study period. The age-standardised incidence rate of ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke in 2017 was 21.72 and 20.72 per 100 000 population, respectively. Conclusions: The burden of stroke is increasing in Kurdistan Province. Since health services in Iran are based on treatment, steps are needed to revise the current treatment services for stroke and to improve the quality of services. Policy-makers and managers of the health system need to plan to reduce the known risk factors for stroke in the community. In addition to preventive interventions, efficient and up-to-date interventions are recommended for the rapid diagnosis and treatment of stroke patients in hospitals. Along with therapeutic interventions, preventive interventions can help reduce the stroke burden.
A study was carried out in 81 retreatment patients with sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis who had previously been treated with first-line drugs for more than one year at Health Center. The Following results were obtained; 1. Of the total 81 case of retreatment patients, male patients occupied 63(77.8%) and 18(22.2%) were female. Age group of $30{\sim}49$ years was 54.3% of total cases. 2. By extent of disease, moderate advanced cases were 53.1% and far advanced cases were 35.8%. 3. Of 81 patients admitted to the study. 65(80.3%) completed 1 year treatment 16(19.7%) patients discharged prematurely before 1 year. 4 patients terminated their treatment during $9{\sim}11$ months after registration. 4. Completment rate of chemotherapy was highest (90%) at age of under 30 years. 5. Intractable patients with persistant positive sputum test for A.F.B. even after 12 months of retreatment were occupied 9(13.8%) of total retreatment cases.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the health status of residents who were exposed to the Iksan industrial area in the living environment and those who were not exposed to such a source of industrial activity through a questionnaire survey designed to appraise the residents' health levels. Method: The authors conducted a health questionnaire survey of 1,012 residents around Iksan regarding their personal information, physician-diagnosed disease history, odors experienced, and more. Logistic regression was performed to identify the associations between hazardous chemical exposure and physician-diagnosed diseases. Result: Logistic regression shows significant differences in allergic rhinitis, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, liver disease, and osteoporosis. Odors were experienced by 88.0% of the survey group. The seasons were summer (71%) and spring (24.9%). Conclusion: For allergic rhinitis, cerebral cardiovascular disease, and hypertension, which were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group in the disease diagnosis and disease treatment history of physicians, it was difficult to completely eliminate the association with odor exposure in the Iksan Industrial Complex. It is considered that it has affected nearby residents. This study means that a correlation between chronic diseases has been found through regression analysis, and furthermore, this result can be used as a basis for sampling for secondary epidemiological surveys.
Objective : The aim of this study was to review the use of Korean medicine (KM) or Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapies among children with cerebral palsy (CP). Method : Literature searches were performed using Pudmed, CNKI, J-STAGE and four Korean databases. We investigated the frequency, types, predictors of the use of KM or CAM therapies used in children with CP. Results : Thirteen survey studies including use of KM or CAM among children with CP were selected - six Korean studies and seven overseas studies. The utilization rate of CAM among children with CP varied 26.8~56.0% according to the studies. CP children used KM or CAM more than other children with chronic disease. Acupuncture and Korean herbal medicine was the major treatment used in Korea, however physical manipulations such as massage, osteopathy and chiropractic were in high demand in western country. Disease severity of CP, use of CAM in the past by the parent or family member and high education of parent are the factors that significantly affect CAM utilization. Conclusion : Further studies on effectiveness and safety of KM therapies combined with conventional rehabilitation treatment would be required to expand the implementation of KM treatment for CP children.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the dental treatment needs of workers depending on their shifts and working patterns. Methods: Only workers aged 15 or older according to the $6^{th}$ Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015) were considered eligible. A total of 9,092 people who responded to health surveys and completed oral examinations and interviews were selected for the study. Statistical analysis was carried out by the complex samples general linear model. Results: As the daytime workers' age increased, the requirement for restorative treatment decreased. In contrast, the requirement for tooth extraction caused by dental caries and periodontal disease increased. As the evening shift workers' age increased, the requirement for restorative treatment decreased. In the case of shift workers, the requirement for restorative treatment was lowest in those aged 50-64 years and highest in those aged 30-49 years. In the case of smokers; the daytime workers required a higher amount of restorative treatment, pulpal treatment, and tooth extraction due to dental caries and periodontal disease; the night shift workers required a higher amount of restorative treatment; and the shift workers required a higher amount of tooth extraction caused by periodontal disease. The results of comparing the dental treatment needs depending on working patterns were: the need for restorative treatment was higher in night shift workers (0.377) than in shift workers (0.245); the requirement for pulpal and restorative treatment was higher in daytime workers (0.055) than in night shift workers (0.010); requirement for tooth extraction due to periodontal disease was higher in night shift workers (0.060) than in evening shift workers (0.012). Conclusions: There are differences in dental treatment needs depending on the workers' working patterns. Collective oral health care is needed at workplaces to promote the workers' oral health.
Korean Medical Insurance Cooperation executed the physical checkup intended for all the members of public officials, school personnel in private schools, and the insured as a national-wide event in 1980. This is the result of a part of Taegu district and its contiguous country this hospital took charge of. Physical checkup method was divided into the first health examination and tile second health examination. The second health examination was executed for those who needed reexamination according to the result of the first health examination. After that, we passed judgement on the result finally. The total number of the first health examination was 10,779; 4,606 in public officials, 2,327 in police constables, 3,976 in school personnel in private schools. The classification of physical checkup is as follows; A group: normal groups B group: those who do not require immediate medical care but require preventive measures or who are doubtful of disease or who had undetermined diagnosis (attention) C group: those who require immediate medical care but who are able to be on duty (simple recuperation) D group: those who require immediate medical treatment and recuperation (suspension from office and recuperation) Total B group to the in the first health examination was 4.73%, that of total C,D groups 2.21%. That of total C,D groups to the total in the first health examination by occupation was 2.30% in public officials, 2.19% in police constables, 2.04% in school personnel. Consequently there was no different among occupations. Total C,D groups of hypertension to the total in the first health examination was 1.68% and hypertension was 76.05% to all disease. These rates mentioned to above were higher than any other rate in disease. Subsequently, being low, the rate of diabetes was 15.54%. From the view point of age, the higher rate appeared in men and women over 35 years old of B group and over 45 years old of C,D groups in three occupations in comparison with other ages and the older men were, the higher men who took a disease were.
Objectives: We aimed to estimate the annual socioeconomic burden of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Korea in 2005, using the National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data. Methods: A prevalence-based, top-down, cost-of-treatment method was used to assess the direct and indirect costs of CHD (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes of I20-I25), angina pectoris (I20), and myocardial infarction (MI, I21-I23) from a societal perspective. Results: Estimated national spending on CHD in 2005 was $2.52 billion. The majority of the spending was attributable to medical costs (53.3%), followed by productivity loss due to morbidity and premature death (33.6%), transportation (8.1%), and informal caregiver costs (4.9%). While medical cost was the predominant cost attribute in treating angina (74.3% of the total cost), premature death was the largest cost attribute for patients with MI (66.9%). Annual per-capita cost of treating MI, excluding premature death cost, was $3183, which is about 2 times higher than the cost for angina ($1556). Conclusions: The total insurance-covered medical cost ($1.13 billion) of CHD accounted for approximately 6.02% of the total annual NHI expenditure. These findings suggest that the current burden of CHD on society is tremendous and that more effective prevention strategies are required in Korea.
Kim, Hyun Jung;Lee, Young-Ju;Back, Seon-Ok;Cho, Shin-Hyeong;Lee, Hee-Il;Lee, Myoung-Ro
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
/
제60권5호
/
pp.309-315
/
2022
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent illness of the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment of IBD traditionally involves the use of aminosalicylic acid and steroids, while these drugs has been associated with untoward effects and refractoriness. The absence of effective treatment regimen against IBD has led to the exploration of new targets. Parasites are promising as an alternative therapy for IBD. Recent studies have highlighted the use of parasite-derived substances, such as excretory secretory products, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and exosomes, for the treatment of IBD. In this report, we examined whether EVs secreted by Giardia lamblia could prevent colitis in a mouse model. G. lamblia EVs (GlEVs) were prepared from in vitro cultures of Giardia trophozoites. Clinical signs, microscopic colon tissue inflammation, and cytokine expression levels were detected to assess the effect of GlEV treatment on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental murine colitis. The administration of GlEVs prior to DSS challenge reduced the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and interferon gamma. Our results indicate that GlEV can exert preventive effects and possess therapeutic properties against DSS-induced colitis.
The Musculoskeletal Disease has been ignored or turned away due to the difficulty of diagnosis and the vagueness of judgement up to now. Contrary to other diseases, there were many cases where the character of the Musculoskeletal Disease wasn't revealed through the objective inspection. And that's because the Musculoskeletal Disease appears for the most part due to muscular defect so it is impossible to diagnose the muscle by X-ray diagnosing the bone and it is also impossible to diagnose the fine damage of the muscle or tendon even by advanced device like MRI. As the nervous blood vessels or acupunctures pass through or are next to the muscle, the tension of the muscle put pressure on these so can become the direct or indirect causes of various kinds of pains or intern diseases. But in spite of that, for lack of proper equipment diagnosing the state of the muscle(Shortened.. Relaxed... or Hardened...) the muscle has been disregarded or neglected intentionally or unintentionally. While many people think themselves to be a muscular expert, if they don't see the shape of the muscle, that is just like blind treatment. But as now the equipment diagnosing the state of the muscle is developed, it seems that this problem can be settled. It was attempted in this study that the muscle or skeleton of the Musculoskeletal disease patients was diagno the treatment order and method were decided by a questionnaire survey and simple inspection, and the Musculoskeletal correction exercise using the muscle management and sling system made them escape from the Musculoskeletal disease, turning their muscle into more flexible and stronger muscle. As a result notwithstanding the limited treatment period '12 times', the improvement rate was as high as 74%, which showed that the muscle management and Musculoskeletal correction exercise had a great effect on the symptom improvement of the patients. If the treatment times had increased, the improvement rate also would have increased more.
Xu, Zhen-Xi;Lin, Zhi-Xiong;Fang, Jia-Ying;Wu, Ku-Sheng;Du, Pei-Ling;Zeng, Yang;Tang, Wen-Rui;Xu, Xiao-Ling;Lin, Kun
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
/
제16권15호
/
pp.6729-6734
/
2015
Background: To analyze the mortality distribution of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China from 1991 to 2013, to predict the mortality in the ensuing five years, and to provide evidence for prevention and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Mortality data for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in China from 1991 to 2013 were used to describe its epidemiological characteristics, such as the change of the standardized mortality rate, sex and age differences, urban-rural differences. Trend-surface analysis was used to study the geographical distribution of the mortality. Curve estimation, time series, gray modeling, and joinpoint regression were used to predict the mortality for the ensuing five years in the future. Results: In China, the standardized mortality rate of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma increased with time from 1996, reaching the peak values of $1.45/10^5$ at the year of 2002, and decreased gradually afterwards. With males being 1.51 times higher than females, and the city had a higher rate than the rural during the past two decades. The mortality rate increased from age 40. Geographical analysis showed the mortality rate increased from middle to southern China. Conclusions: The standardized mortality rate of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma is falling. The regional disease control for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma should be focused on Guangdong province of China, and the key targets for prevention and treatment are rural men, especially after the age of 40. The mortality of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma will decrease in the next five years.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.