• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2016

선진국에서는 준설토의 고함수비 특성을 제어하기 위해 다양한 고화제를 이용하는 공법을 개발하고 있으며 이 중 점토에 시멘트를 혼합하는 방법은 주로 심층혼합공법 등 연약지반의 개량공법으로 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 이에 관련된 연구는 고화제가 10% 전후의 혼합률을 갖고 있으며 이러한 혼합점토의 단기적인 특성에 대한 실험적 구명에 집중되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 연약지반의 개량공법 적용 시 준설점토를 시멘트와 친토양 경화재로 고결시켜 장비의 주행성을 확보할 목적으로 시멘트와 친토양 경화재(NSS)를 혼합교반 하였다. 이를 바탕으로 원지반의 건조중량 대비 시멘트, NSS의 혼합비 및 양생기간(7일, 14일, 28일)에 따른 개량토의 일축압축강도 특성을 규명하고자 하였으며, 준설토 재활용을 위한 기술개발을 위하여 경량화제를 첨가하지 않은 시멘트혼합처리 방법과 친토양 경화재인 NSS를 혼합한 지반의 강도특성을 제공함으로써 차후 연약지반 개량을 위한 장비의 주행성을 확보하는데 연구의 목적을 두었다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.95-113
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• 2016

주민번호를 포함한 개인정보의 처리업무는 상당한 전문지식과 많은 비용이 소요되어 IT 전문 업체에 위탁 처리하는 경우가 보편화 되었다. 개인정보 관련 사고는 점차 증가하고 있으며, 사고 유형의 대부분은 수탁자에 의한 누출 혹은 유출에 의해 발생하고 있다. 개인정보보호 실태점검과 관리수준 진단 결과 공공기관에서의 수탁자에 대한 개인정보 사고 예방노력과 개인정보보호 관리체계 구축 노력이 시급한 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 개인정보 보호의 효율적 제고 방안에 대하여 연구하였다. 개인정보 처리 업무위탁에 대한 법률사항을 분석하고, 관리체계 구축을 위한 법률 기준 지표를 선택하여, 수탁자에 대한 개인정보보호 관리수준 분석 방안과 수탁자 개인정보보호 관리체계 강화 방안을 제시하였다. 개인정보보호 관리체계 강화 방안으로 수탁자 개인정보보호 관리체계를 제시하였고, 세 가지 법률 강화방안을 제시하였다. 본 논문에서는 개인정보보호 관리체계 강화 방안을 구성하기 위하여 공공기관의 대표적 개인정보 처리 위탁업무 중 IT유지보수, 고지서인쇄, 콜센터와 관련된 30개 수탁자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 조사하였고, 강화 방안에 대한 문헌 근거를 제시하였으며, 개인정보 위탁자와 수탁자에 대한 FGI를 통해 강화방안에 대한 검증을 실시하였다.

• 의료법학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.385-411
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• 2008

The goal of medicine is to contribute to promoting national health by preventing diseases and providing treatment. The scope of modern medicine isn't merely confined to disease testing, treatment and prevention in accordance to that, and making experiments by using the human body is widespread. The advance in modern medicine has made a great contribution to valuing human dignity and actualizing a manly life, but there is a problem that has still nagged modern medicine: treatment and healing for terminal patients including cancer patients. In advanced countries, pain care and hospice medicine are already universal. Offering a helping hand for terminal patients to lead a less painful and more manly life from diverse angles instead of merely focusing on treatment is called the very hospice medicine. That is a comprehensive package of medical services to take care of death-facing terminal patients and their families with affection. That is providing physical, mental and social support for the patients to pass away in peace after living a dignified and decent life, and that is comforting their bereaved families. The National Hospice Organization of the United States provides terminal patients and their families with sustained hospital care and home care in a move to lend assistance to them. In our country, however, tertiary medical institutions simply provide medical care for terminal patients to extend their lives, and there are few institutional efforts to help them. Hospice medicine is offered mostly in our country by non- professionals including doctors, nurses, social workers, pastors or physical therapists. Terminal patients' needs cannot be satisfied in the same manner as those of other patients, and it's needed to take a different approach to their treatment as well. Nevertheless, the focus of medical care is still placed on treatment only, which should be taken seriously. Ministry for Health, Welfare & Family Affairs and Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service held a public hearing on May 21, 2008, on the cost of hospice care, quality control and demonstration project to gather extensive opinions from the academic community, experts and consumer groups to draw up plans about manpower supply, facilities and demonstration project, but the institutions are not going to work on hospice education, securement of facilities and relevant legislation. In 2002, Ministry for Health, Welfare & Family Affairs made an official announcement to introduce a hospice nurse system to nurture nurse specialists in this area. That ministry legislated for the qualifications of advanced nurse practitioner and a hospice nurse system(Article 24 and 2 in Enforcement Regulations for the Medical Law), but few specific plans are under way to carry out the regulations. It's well known that the medical law defines a nurse as a professional health care worker, and there is a move to draw a line between the responsibilities of doctors and those of nurses in association with medical errors. Specifically, the roles of professional hospice are increasingly expected to be accentuated in conjunction with treatment for terminal patients, and it seems that delving into possible problems with the job performance of nurses and coming up with workable countermeasures are what scholars of conscience should do in an effort to contribute to the development of medicine and the realization of a dignified and manly life.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.464-472
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• 2014

The Codex Committee of Contaminants in Food (CCCF) has been discussing a new standard for arsenic (As) in rice since 2010 and a code of practice for the prevention and reduction of As contamination in rice since 2013. Therefore, our current studies focus on setting a maximum level of As in rice and paddy soil by considering bioavailability in the remediation of As contaminated soils. This study aimed to select an appropriate single chemical extractant for evaluating the mobility of As in paddy soil and the bioavailability of As to rice. Nine different extractants, such as deionized water, 0.01 M $Ca(NO_3)_2$, 0.1 M HCl, 0.2 M $C_6H_8O_7$, 0.43 M $HNO_3$, 0.43 M $CH_3COOH$, 0.5 M $KH_2PO_4$, 1 M HCl, and 1 M $NH_4NO_3$ were used in this study. Total As content in soil was also determined after aqua regia digestion. The As extractability of the was in the order of: Aqua regia > 1 M HCl > 0.5 M $KH_2PO_4$ > 0.43 M $HNO_3$ > 0.2 M $C_6H_8O_7$ > 0.1 M HCl > 0.43 M $CH_3COOH$ > deionized water > 1 M $NH_4NO_3$ > 0.01 M $Ca(NO_3)_2$. Correlation between soil extractants and As content in rice was in the order of : deionized water > 0.01 M $Ca(NO_3)_2$ > 0.43 M $CH_3COOH$ > 0.1 M HCl > 0.5 M $KH_2PO_4$ > 1 M $NH_4NO_3$ > 0.2 M $C_6H_8O_7$ > 0.43 M $HNO_3$ > 1M HCl > Aqua regia. BCF (bioconcentration factor) according to extractants was in the order of : 0.01M $Ca(NO_3)_2$ > 1 M $NH_4NO_3$ > deionized water > 0.43 M $CH_3COOH$ > 0.1 M HCl > 0.43 M $HNO_3$ > 0.2 M $C_6H_8O_7$ > 0.5 M $KH_2PO_4$ > 1 M HCl > Aqua regia. Therefore, 0.01 M $Ca(NO_3)_2$ ($r=0.78^{**}$) was proven to have the greatest potential for predicting As bioavailability in soil with higher correlation between As in rice and the extractant.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.209-221
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• 2000

I began the study to identify the issues related to knowledge. attitude and behavior regarding smoking by sixth graders. which will ultimately lead to the development of a smoking prevention program that will not only help deter school-age children from smoking, but also make them aware of the more desirable behaviors and techniques for healthier life. The results are as follows: 1. Smoking Behavior: Of the focus group. 4.15% are current smokers and 18.23% are ever smokers. 2. Correlation between smoking knowledge and ever smoking: Ever smoking sample($11.10{\pm}3.66$) is less knowledge able than the never-smoking sample($12.17{\pm}3.95$), (t=3.23. p=.001). 3. Correlation between smoking attitude and ever smoking: Ever smoking sample($28.12{\pm}8.51$) was less desirable than the never-smoking sample($l2.17{\pm}3.95$). (t=8.24, p=.000). 4. Correlation between smoking Knowledge and smoking attitude: knowledge about smoking and attitude toward smoking are quantitatively correlated in such way that the more knowledgeable the child is about smoking. the more desirable the attitude toward smoking is(r=.17. p=.000). 5. Correlation between socio-anthropological characteristics and ever smoking: family . atmosphere($x^2$=16.49. p=.001), school life ($x^2$=l1.58, p= .003), grades in school( $x^2$=11.89. p=.003), gender($x^2$=8.97. p=.003). friends' gathering place($x^2$=13.19. p=.02), marital status of parents(p* =.03). and family's financial status($x^2$=6.71. p=.035). In addition, Correlation between somking-environmental characteristics and ever smoking: number of friends who smoke($x^2$=76.01. p=.001). information source for smoking($x^2$=48.03. p=.001), whether or not siblings smoke($x^2$=26.07, p=.001), whether or not female relatives smoke ( $x^2$= 15.65. p= .001), whether or not father smokes ($x^2$= 12.10. p= .007), errands to buy cigarettes for someone($x^2$=9.18. p=.010), and whether or not male relatives smoke ($x^2$=8.82. p=.35) 6. Results of the logistic analysis performed to identify the factors correlated to ever smoking show that: one point decrease in attitude score translates to 25.39 times' increase in ever smoking one person decrease in the number of friends who smoke translates to 0.66 times' decrease in ever smoking: the group where the father has quit smoking has 1.40 times more ever smoking than the group where the father does not smoke at all: and likewise, the group where the father currently smokes has 1.40 times more ever smoking than the group where the father has quit smoking. 7. The overall cause-and-effect relationship between the ever smoking and the related factors: attitude toward smoking caused ever smoking by -.43, smoking by friends, by .12, marital status of arents, by .05, school life. by .04, gender, by -.03, and smoking by father, by -.02. Knowledge about smoking (t=-1.67) did not cause significant effects on ever smoking.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제103권2호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2014

최근 멧돼지의 개체수 및 농작물 피해 증가로 인하여 사회적 문제를 야기 시키고 있다. 국내 멧돼지에 대한 연구는 미미하여 향후 효과적인 멧돼지 관리를 위해서는 종에 대한 생태적 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 2012년 5월부터 12월까지 경남 거창군 일대에서 유해야생동물 포획을 통해 수집된 멧돼지 위 내용물(n=79) 분석을 통하여 식이습성 구명 및 선호 농작물을 파학하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구 결과 멧돼지는 주로 식물성 먹이를 섭식하며, 계절별로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 식물성 먹이는 잎-줄기가 83.5%로 가장 높은 출현율 보였으며, 농작물을 포함한 식물성 먹이는 건중량의 93.5%을 차지하였다. 무척추동물의 발견 빈도는 높았으나 빠르게 소화되는 특성으로 인하여 건중량은 낮게 나타났다. 식이농작물로는 밤, 벼, 사과 등이 선호하는 농작물로 나타났다. 수확기 농작물은 멧돼지가 야생 먹이보다 선호하여 의도적으로 섭식하는 것으로 판단된다. 지렁이는 총 수집된 위에서 50%의 출현율을 보였으며, 섭식 마릿수는 여름에 가장 높고, 겨울에 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 멧돼지는 전형적인 잡식성의 성향을 보이며, 시기에 따라 섭식하는 식이물이 다른 것으로 나타났다. 향후 멧돼지에 의한 농작물 피해를 줄이기 위해서는 밤나무림에 인접한 논과 사과 과수원의 우선적인 피해방지가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.535-542
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• 2010

Objectives: Exposure assessment is a major challenge faced by studies that evaluate the association between pesticide exposure and adverse health outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability of information that farmers self-report regarding their pesticide use. Methods: Twenty five items based upon existing questionnaires were designed to focus on pesticide exposure. In 2009, a selfadministrated survey was conducted on two occasions four weeks apart among 205 farmers residing in Gyeonggi and Gangwon provinces. For a reliability measure, we calculated the percentage agreement, the kappa statistics and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the two reports according to the characteristics of the subjects. Results: Agreement for ever-never use of any pesticide was 96.4% (kappa 0.61). For both 'years used' and 'age at the first use' of overall pesticides, high agreement was obtained (ICC: 0.88 and, 0.78, respectively), whereas those of 'days used' and 'hours used' were relatively low (ICC: 0.42 and, 0.66, respectively). The kappa value for the use of personal protective equipment ranged from 0.46 to 0.59, and hygiene activities came out at 0.19 to 0.37. The agreement for individual pesticide use ranged widely and there was relatively low agreement due to the low response rates. The reliability scores did not significantly vary according to gender, age, the education level, the types of crop or the years of farming. Conclusions: Our results support that carefully designed, self-reported information on ever-never pesticide use among farmers is reliable. However, the reliability of data on individual pesticide exposure may be unstable due to low response rates and needs to be refined.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.125-139
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• 2009

Objective : This study was performed in order to provide basic data for halitosis prevention and establish a device to efficiently eliminate halitosis and to analyze the factors that affect the halitosis. Methods : Oral examination on the Gingival index, CPITN, Tongue Plaque index, and OHI-S as well as halitosis measurement among 293 rural residents. Results : Gingival index was high at mild on female and at moderate on male(p=0.025). Sorting the result by age, mild was 54.1% in the 40s, and moderate was 49.5%, 42.0% and 70.0% each in the 50s, 60s, and the 70s(p=0.005). The need for dental plaque management was 100%. The need for scaling was high with 78.3%, 93.0%, 89.9%, and 90.0% each for the 40s, 50s, 60s, and 70s. The need for complex periodontal treatment was also high with 32.4%, 47.5%, 48.7% and 60.0%, each for the 40s, 50s, 60s, and 70s(p=0.050). The highest bad condition for OHI-S was 69.5%, and good being 18.9%, and very bad being 11.6%. For moderate tongue plaque index was 74.4% as the highest. As the level of education increased, the slight tongue plague was increased, but in contrast, the moderate and higher tongue plague index was decreased(p=0.010). OG under 50ppm was 61.1% on male and OG over 50ppm was 50.9% on female(p=0.041). In OG over 50ppm, CPITN was 52.1% and 41.9% in scaling and complex periodontal treatment group(p=0.018). OHI-S, in bad and very bad condition with OG, over 50ppm, was 48.7% and 46.9%(p=0.019). The higher tongue plague index showed significant amount of increase at OG and EG above 50ppm(p=0.006). $NH_3$, as the tongue plaque index increased, the wider range of distribution was shown(p=0.000). As for the multiple regression analysis result, there have been selected females and tongue plaque index as factors affecting OG. There have been selected age and tongue plaque index as factors affecting EG and there have been selected females as factors affecting on $NH_3$. Conclusions : With the aforementioned results in mind, the status of halitosis among rural residents is considered to bare a close relation with oral environments. we have to focus on correct tooth brushing methods and tongue brushing, with using tongue cleaner to remove fur of tongue plaque. Also, in order to analyze exactly the factors of individual halitosis, we need continuous and systematic study.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.345-353
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• 2018

이 연구의 목적은 대학생의 CIMT (목동맥 내막-중막 두께)와 흡연 습관, 음주 습관 및 두 가지 연관성을 조사하는 것이다. 이 연구는 CAGE (음주 관련: 절주, 비판에 대한 반감, 죄책감, 해장) 설문지, FTND (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence) 설문지, 대학생들의 CIMT에 대하여 수행되었다. 세 군으로 분류 된 각 음주 수준에 따른 CIMT 결과 간에는 통계적으로 유의 한 차이가 없었다. FTND 흡연 분류에 따른 CIMT의 결과는 흡연 군이 비 흡연 군보다 높았다(P<0.01). 흡연과 음주는 좌우 CIMT 간에는 통계적으로 유의 한 차이가 있었다(P<0.01). 음주의 위험만 있는 군에서 왼쪽 CIMT (19.84 순위)는 낮은 순위를 보였다. 왼쪽(42.38 순위)과 오른쪽(42.81 순위)의 CIMT는 흡연 위험만 있는 집단에서 높은 순서를 보였다(P<0.01). 이 연구 결과 흡연자와 음주자 사이의 평균 CIMT, 특히 흡연 상태가 높은 사람들 사이에 뚜렷한 차이가 있음을 시사한다. 이 연구에는 몇 가지 제한 점이 있다. 첫째, 작은 연구 대상 두번째, 대상자가 어리고, 셋째, 흡연, 음주 및 CIMT에만 중점을 두었다. 결론적으로, 흡연은 젊은 성인에서 무증상 아테롬성 동맥 경화 위험인자에 대한 부작용과 CIMT를 현저하게 악화 시키며 젊은 성인에서 금연의 중요성이 강화되어야 한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.484-492
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• 2017

여성 작업치료사의 직무와 관련된 문제를 파악하여 근무환경 개선, 직무 스트레스 인식, 성희롱 예방교육 및 여성의 작업치료사의 장기간 경제활동 참여 향상에 필요한 자료를 제공하며, 환자에게 보다 질 높은 서비스 제공에 기여하기 위해 진행되었다. 현재 작업치료사로 근무하고 있는 여성을 대상으로 200부의 설문지를 배포하여 회신된 185부를 분석하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 직무스트레스의 주요 항목은 '하는 일에 비해 보수가 적다고 느낄 때가 있다.', '근무로 인해 피로를 느낀다.', '치료 이외의 것까지 신경써야할 때가 있다.' 순으로 나타났다. 근골격계 통증은 손목과 손(90%), 어깨(86%), 목(69.7%), 허리(68.6%)순으로 나타났으며, 손목과 손(63%), 어깨(62.2%), 허리(51.9%) 통증으로 인하여 일상생활에 지장이 있는 상태였다. 언어적 성희롱 경험은 71.4%에 이르고 있었으며, 신체적 시각적 성희롱은 48.6%가 경험하였다고 응답하였다. 가족친화적 조직문화 항목에서는 '개인과 일의 사이에서 곤란하지 않다.'가 61.1%로 가장 많았으며, 직장상사의 긍정적인 지원(54.6%), 직장동료와의 유대관계유지와 감정 공유(73.%)등의 긍정적 응답이 많았다. 여성 작업치료사들이 겪고 있는 직무스트레스, 근골격계 통증, 성희롱 등의 효과적인 대처방법 마련 및 업무 환경 개선이 시급 할 것이라 판단된다. 또한 이를 위해 참고할 수 있는 자료를 제공하는 것에 의의가 있다.