The purpose of this study was to understand the effectiveness of oral health education (OHE) or oral hygiene instruction (OHI) involving professional plaque control/removal, as compared to conventional plaque control/removal. By means of a systematic review of the literature, in the review of literature by using systematic method, Korean articles of plaque control including OHE or OHI, were studied in order to analyze and conclude the literature to enhance oral health. We found that self and professional plaque control/removal, in addition to tooth brushing instructions, decreased incidence and prevalence of loss of teeth. Taken together, professional mechanical plaque removals were most effective 4~5 visits every 1~2 weeks. Use of disclosing agent was more effective than oral education or model education. In line with oral hygiene education, professional brushing, oral prophylaxis, scaling and root planing, it was advisable to repeat the training according to the characteristics of the patient. Routine OHE or OHI would be help to increase to oral health. For a quality of life related oral health, reliability and validity of data are needed to develop and its data should be applied to dental health insurance policy.
The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of obesity and factors with it Ulsan secondary school girls. A cross-sectional study involving a sample of 485 students aged 12 to 15 years was obtained form secondary schools. Obesity was determined using body mass index(BMI=wt/Ht$^2$). The findings revealed that the average BMI was 19.3, and 4.5% of girls were either overweight and obese(BMI$\geq$25). Subjects were grouped into three categories based on the BMI, sibling obesity, self-consciousness of obesity, eating patterns such as eating snack after dinner and prejudice in food selection, and food frequency score were significantly associated nth BMI, while nutrition knowledge score was not associated with BMI. The fact that several social, environmental and health factors are associated with obesity means that a multisectorial intervention program must be considered in order to decrease the problem of overweight among secondary girls. Such program should include dietary intervention to modify food habits, nutrition education through mass media, introducing information on prevention and control obesity in school curriculum, and allocating sufficient time in the school schedule for exercise activities.
Acinetobacter infections are of great concern in clinical settings because of multi-drug resistance (MDR) and high mortality of the infected patients. The MDR Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a significant infectious agent in hospitals worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine for molecular characterization of MDR A. baumannii clinical isolates obtained from the Wonju Christian Hospital in Gangwon province of Korea. A total of seventy nonduplicate A. baumannii isolates were collected from the Wonju Christian Hospital in Korea from March to April in 2011. All of the MDR A. baumannii isolates were encoded by $bla_{OXA-23-like}$ gene and all isolates with the $bla_{OXA-23-like}$ gene had the upstream element ISAba1 to promote increased gene expression and subsequent resistance to carbapenem. 16S rRNA methylase gene (armA) was detected in 44 clinical isolates which were resistant to amikacin, and phosphotransferase genes encoding aac(3)-Ia and aac(6')-Ib were the most prevalent. A combination of 16S rRNA methylase and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes (armA, aac(3)-Ia, aac(6')-Ib, and aph(3')-Ia) were found in 31 isolates. The sequencing results for the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and parC revealed the presence of Ser (TCA) 83 Leu (TTA) and Ser (TCG) 80 Leu (TTG) substitutions in the respective enzymes for all MDR. Molecular typing for MDR A. baumannii could be helpful in confirming the identification of a common source or cross-contamination. This is an important step in enabling epidemiological tracing of these strains.
Objectives : We investigated a correlation of cognitive function, depression, suicidal idea and serum lipid levels in Korean elderly over 60 years old to find risk factors of deprssion and cognitive decline. Methods : 834 persons participated in this study. Clinical evaluation was done at a point by using Mini-Mental State Examination in the Korean version of CERAD assessment packet(MMSE-KC). We also evaluated 165 persons that agreed to our exact examination for Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS), Scale for Suicidal Ideation(SSI), Hachinski Ischemic Score and serum lipid profile. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate correlation among serum lipid levels, MMSE-KC and SSI. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison of serum lipid levels and cognitive function, depression and SSI. We did a post-hoc analysis. Results : Depression and suicidal ideation were related with cognitive impairment in Korean elderly over 60 years old. Those who have more severe cognitive impairment and depressive symptom, have higher Hachinski ischemic score. We can see high HDL cholesterol levels only in the normal control group. Low total, HDL, LDL cholesterol were related with depression. Conclusion : There was high prevalence of depression in the Korean elderly over 60 years old and low serum lipid level was related with severity of depression and high suicidal ideation. In the normal control group, we can see high HDL cholesterol levels. To confirm this result, we need well-designed and wide range study.
Family has emerged as a key concept for health, and it has been identified as one of the most important conditions. The relationship between health habit and its management is different depending on family. The odd pair family, mostly rural lower income class, worry to have poor health because of no spouse and small family size. One thousand eight hundred and seventy(1870) subjects were collected in 9 provinces through the sampling of Probability Proportional to Size (PPS). Questionnaire method was conducted on health checking, bath states, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and the prevalence of farmer's health related problems. The main results were as follows: 1) The characteristics of odd pair families are that the head of household is female(77% ), the size of family is small(1.76 persons), the education level is low(7.5 years for male, 3.1 years for female) and the age group is old (male: 89.78 year old, female: 73.69 year old). 2) For the odd pair family, the frequency of health checking is quite low with one or two times per year(l0.2%) and the rate of no-health checking is much higher(35.8%) .3) Bathing utility is not available 29.6% of the odd pair family and only cold water is supplied at home for the 11.5 % of them. However, for the paired family, 9.8 % of them has no bathing utility and the rate of the family supplied with only cold water is just 7.9%. 4) The bathing frequency score of odd pair family is l.74points for male and 1.25 points for female. 5) The rate of smoking habits for odd pair family is 68.5 % and specially it is 7.6% for female, which is higher comparing with that of pair family. 6) The smoking frequency score of odd pair family is 1.57 points. 7) Alcohol drinking frequency score of odd pair family is 1.79 points for male, and 3.24points for female. 8) Farmers' syndrome(FS) revealed 38.7% of odd pair family and it is lower than that of pair family(57.3%). Special pain of FS was huckle bone and muscle(28.4%) and articular pain(24.l %). The pain rate of huckle bone and muscle(43.l %) and articular pain(33.5%) were higher in a year in odd pair family were lower than those of pair family: farming machine caused accidents(6.5%) and pesticide poisoning(5.7%). l0) The odd pair family use more frequently medical clinic or public health center for the treatment of FS(74.7%) and pesticide poisoning(62.5%) than the pair family for FS(69.0%) and for pesticide poisoning(.53.6%). The score of FS treatment is 5.70 points for odd pair family and it is not significantly different from 5.62 points of the paired family. The result of pesticide poisoning treatment score is as same as that of FS.
Yang, Sang Eun;Tae, Hye Jin;Hwang, Jihyun;Chae, Jeong-Ho
Anxiety and mood
/
v.14
no.1
/
pp.44-52
/
2018
Objective : The present study had examined the psychiatric symptoms and physical health consequences for the bereaved parents of the high school students who died in the 2014 Sewol ferry accident. Methods : Forty bereaved parents participated in the study. The authors administered self-report questionnaires about the parents' health behaviors and psychiatric symptoms. The authors also conducted laboratory tests to assess the parents' physical health at 18 and 30 months after the accident. Univariate descriptive statistics were performed to report the prevalence and severity of psychiatric symptoms and health-related behaviors. Paired t-test and Mcnemar test were performed to compare the 18-and 30-month findings. Correlation analysis between psychiatric symptoms and laboratory findings were performed to find a relationship between the two variables. Results : At 30 months after the accident, most of the bereaved parents still appeared to suffer from complicated grief (97.5%), post traumatic stress disorder (80%), insomnia (77.5%) and severe depression (62.5%) based on the scores on the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), the PTSD Check List-5 (PCL-5), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). One quarter of the bereaved parents reported high-risk drinking, and 47.5% reported increased drinking amount and frequency after the accident. In objective laboratory results, 55% of the bereaved parents were obese as defined by body mass index ${\geq}25$. The parents' mean low-density lipoprotein shows a significant increase over time (118.5 mg/dL at 18 months. vs. 132.5 mg/dL at 30 months. paired t-test t=-4.061, $$p{\leq_-}0.001$$). Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein at 30 months after the accident were in clinically borderline high range. In correlation analysis, triglyceride was positively correlated with ISI. Conclusion : The loss of children in the Sewol ferry accident, a disaster caused by human error, continued to have considerable impact on the victims' parents' mental and physical health 18 and 30 months after the accident. A longitudinal study following the parents' physical health would be necessary to investigate the long-term effects of this traumatic experience on physical health.
Objectives This study was performed to investigate the cut-off values of abdominal circumference and Body Mass Index(BMI) according to Sasang Constitution. Methods A total of 1,773 persons, namely 440 male people and 1,333 female people, in ages from 40 to 69 years old, participated in this research. They are all included in the community based Genomic cohort in Wonju in years from 2006 to 2013. The diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome was used followed by the National Cholesterol Education Program in Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) and Asian pacific guideline for only abdominal obesity. Results The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 34.8% for men and 37.6% for women in this research. Taeeumin was the highly significant risk type for the metabolic syndrome in both sexes. Cut-off values of abdominal circumference were 88.3 cm in men, 80.3 cm in women, and cut-off values of BMI were $24.2kg/m^2$ in men and $25.3kg/m^2$ in women. For men, cut-off values of abdominal circumference were 79.5cm in Soyangin, 88.8 cm in Taeeumin and 79.5 cm in Soeumin, and cut-off values of BMI were $23.2kg/m^2$ in Soyangin, $25.6kg/m^2$ in Taeeumin and $20.6kg/m^2$ in Soeumin. For women, cut-off values of abdominal circumference were 76.3 cm in Soyangin, 80.3 cm in Taeeumin and 76.8 cm in Soeumin, and cut-off values of BMI were $22.4kg/m^2$ in Soyangin, $24.9kg/m^2$ in Taeeumin and $21.3kg/m^2$ in Soeumin. Conclusions Although 90 cm in men, 80 cm in women as an Asian pacific guideline were regarded as quite approximate to the mean value of abdominal circumference and $25kg/m^2$ to BMI. But if the results could be allocated in terms of the Sasang constitutional method, the cut-off values for Soyangin and Soeumin should be lowered than now.
Existing multinational subsidiary typologies seem to have limitations in two respects. First, the prevalence of subsidiary classification along two-dimensions fails to capture many distinct subsidiary types. Failure to reflect a sufficient richness in dimensionality can give rise to a partial picture of subsidiary typologies in the international business literature. A new typology developed from multi-dimensional approach will be required for reflecting various subsidiary roles in the multinational enterprise. Second, multinational subsidiary performing a number of activities is hard to be defined functionally across the value chain activities. In addition, multinational subsidiary roles can vary dramatically. In conclusion, despite a growing amount of work on subsidiary typologies, there seems to be limited convergence of results. the study regarding subsidiary roles still remain a challenge. In this respect, the purpose of this study is to develop a new typology based on multi-dimensional approach in order to overcome the limitations of traditional typologies. To classify subsidiary types, we propose 8 types of multinational subsidiary according to three dimensions that are adopted: (1) number of required value chain activities (2) subsidiary's sourcing capability and autonomy (3) global orientation (3) The case study analyzing Korean foreign subsidiaries appropriate for 8 types is performed to establish the validity of this study.
Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
/
v.32
no.4
/
pp.317-326
/
2006
Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7) injected on the rate of new-bone formation for distraction osteogenesis on dogs. Materials & Methods : Twelve adult dogs were randomly selected into two groups of six dogs on each. Unilateral osteotomies were performed on the body of the mandible and an intraoral distractor was mounted to the mandible on dogs. One group was treated with injection of rhBMP-7 and the other group served as the control. RhBMP-7 was administered on the day of surgery by single injection into the medullary bone at the osteotomy gap. Distraction was performed five days after osteotomy as a rate of 0.5 mm twice per day for 10 days. The animals were then sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after completion of the distraction. Two dogs in each group, totaling four dogs, were killed at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after completion of distraction, respectively. The lengthened mandibles were harvested and processed for radiographic and histological examinations. In addition, immunohistochemical examination using osteocalcin expression was studied. Results : Radiographs showed accelerated regenerate ossification with maturation of new bone in the rhBMP-7 group comparing with the control group at the 4 weeks of the consolidation. There was no significant difference in the radiographic findings at the 2 weeks and 8 weeks of the consolidation period. Histological findings demonstrated increased bone healing pattern in the rhBMP-7-treated group during all observation period. The expression of osteocalcin immunoreactivity was hardly detected in the normal mandible of dog, but the expression was detected in all experimental rhBMP-7 treated specimens. There were also significant increasing in number of positive immunostaining cells and staining intensity of osteocalcin expression in the rhBMP-7 treated group compared with those of the control group on 2-weeks and 4-weeks. There was a significant decreasing in staining intenstiy of all both two groups on 8 weeks of consolidation period, but significant differences of immunostaining was not seen in two groups. Conclusions : A single injection of rhBMP-7 at the time of osteotomy may stimulate the rate of regenerate ossification and increase callus maturation during distraction osteogenesis. In addition, it may shorten the distraction osteogenesis procedure and decrease the prevalence of complications associated with mandibular distraction osteogenesis.
Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
/
v.33
no.5
/
pp.504-510
/
2007
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of antral septa and the accuracy of panoramic radiograph in identifying maxillary sinus septa. In addition, when panoramic radiograph led to a false diagnosis of more than majority, we analyzed findings of the panoramic radiograph. Patients and methods: This study included 180 patients who were radiographically examined before the surgery was done using both panoramic and computerized tomographic radiographs(CT scan), Samsung Medical Center from April 2003 to March 2006, and examined the incidence of antral septa, the false diagnosis rate of panoramic radiograph, and radiographic characters in case of false diagnosis. Only those bone lamellae were considered as septa that showed a height of at least 3.0mm. It was thus possible to exclude the alveolar recess. One oral and maxillofacial surgeon(OMFS) determined the presence or absence of sinus septa in CT scan, and five OMFS determined the presence or absence of sinus septa in panoramic radiograph. Results: The septa were observed in 81 of 360 sinuses(22.5%). All septa were oriented in a buccopalatal plane. More or less greater prevalence was observed in the second molar region(38.2%) but no predominant location was found. Panoramic radiograph led to false diagnosed septa in 361 of 1800 cases(20.1%). In case of false diagnosis of more than majority, superimposed image on zygomatic process was 44.1%, faint image in the region not related to sinus lifting 26.5%, faint image in the region related to sinus lifting 17.6%, and misconception for superimposed image 11.8% Conclusion: In this study we could get clinico-anatomical information of septum in the maxillary sinus. Compared to CT scan, panoramic radiograph can not clearly differentiate the sinus septa, but we consider that panoramic radiograph may improve its usefulness if we take additional modified panoramic radiograph and clinical exam.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.