• Title/Summary/Keyword: Pretest and posttest

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An Analysis of the Effect of Self-foot Reflexology on Level of Hypertension (자가발반사 자극요법이 고혈압에 미치는 효과분석)

  • Wang, Myung-Ja;Cha, Nam-Hyun
    • Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.5-15
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    • 2003
  • Purpose: This study was to analysis the effect of self-foot reflexology(SRM) program on, level of hypertension. Method: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. For the experimental group, SRM was applied three times a week for 8wks. Test was done by measured x2-test, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA test. Result: There were significant decreases in systolic, diastolic blood pressure and difference of pretest and post test and between the experimental group and control group. Conclusion: Findings indicate that this study will contribute to develop nursing strategies for the regulation of the blood pressure.

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Effect of a Smoking Cessation Motivational Program for Adolescents (흡연 청소년을 위한 금연동기화 프로그램의 효과)

  • Shin, Sung-Rae;Lee, Chung-Ok;Jeong, Goo-Churl
    • Child Health Nursing Research
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.130-139
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: In this study an examination was done of the effects of a adolescent smoking cessation motivational program on smoking temptation, internal motivation, stage of smoking cessation and quit rate. The study was done with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Participants in the experimental group were adolescents who smoked and were referred to the program by their high school teachers. They participated in the smoking cessation motivational program for 60 minutes per session, once or twice a week for six weeks. Participants in the control group were selected from the same age group within the school and the program was provided after the posttest was completed. t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and ${\chi}^2$-test were used to analyze data. Results: The level of smoking temptation, internal motivation and stage of smoking cessation had significant change in comparison to the pretest whereas the control group did not exhibit these changes. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that a smoking cessation motivational program for adolescents is an effective strategy to increase smoking cessation motivation in adolescents, and can be utilized as an effective intervention for adolescents who smoke.

The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for ego-integrity of depressed elderly women living alone (우울한 여성독거노인의 자아통합감 증진을 위한 인지행동치료 프로그램 개발 및 효과)

  • Kim, Ji Hyun;Jeong, Hyo Un;Kim, Jung Min
    • Journal of Family Relations
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.49-72
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study is to develop a cognitive behavioral therapy program for ego-integrity of depressed elderly women living alone, and to verify its effectiveness. Method: The subjects of this study were composed of elderly women(age 65 and older) living alone who had basic literacy skills, 24 or higher in mental state examination(MMSE-K), and 6 or higher in elderly depression(GDS). 29 women were randomly assigned into an experimental group(cognitive behavioral therapy), a comparison group(reminiscence therapy) and a control group. The experimental group and the comparison group retrospectively participated in a 90-minute therapy session twice a week for a total of 12 weeks. The effectiveness of the program was assessed through a pretest, posttest, and 2-month follow-up test. The data collected were analyzed with SPSS 22.0 statistical program. Results: The main findings of this study are as follows. First, at posttest ego-integrity and self-esteem marked higher scores in both of the experimental group and the comparison group than in the control group, but the experimental group marked comparatively higher scores than the comparison group. For dysfunctional attitude, only the experimental group showed lower scores compared to the comparison group and the control group. Second, at posttest depression marked lower scores in the experimental group compared to the comparison group and the control group. Third, at posttest problem-solving and support-seeking coping strategies marked higher scores in the experimental group compared to the comparison group and the control group. Fourth, the significant improvements remained at 2-month follow-up test. Conclusions: Cognitive behavioral therapy resulted in improvements of the ego-integrity and related symptoms of depressed elderly women living alone at posttest and 2-month follow-up test respectively.

The Effects of Project Activities on the Development of Problem Solving Skills and Creativity of Elementary School Children (프로젝트 활동이 초등학교 학생의 문제해결력 및 창의성에 미치는 효과)

  • 김종순
    • Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.1-21
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of project activities on the development of problem solving skills and creativity of elementary school children. To achieve this purpose, 83 second grade children were sampled in Seoul-City, and they were assigned to experimental group and control group. Two project activities of social studies subject were treated to the experimental group for 4 weeks. And, the ‘Problem Solving Skills Test’ and ‘Creativity Test’were administered to both group children for the pretest and posttest. The collected data were analyzed by t-test to test the research hypothesis. The major findings of this study were as follows: Firstly, there were statistically significant differences between experimental group and control group on the posttest scores of problem solving skills. It showed that the posttest scores of comprehension skills[t(81)=3.09, p<.01], practical skills[t(81)=2.40, p<.05], and the total score of problem solving skills[t(81)=4.24, p<.01] were significantly higher than that of control group. Secondly, there were statistically significant differences between experimental group and control group on the posttest scores of creativity. It showed that the posttest scores of fluency[t(81)=4.33, p<.01], originality[t(81)=2.85, p<.01], and the total score of creativity[t(81)=6.43, p<.01] were significantly higher than that of control group.

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Comparison of Educational Effects on Hands-only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) with Basic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) by Elementary School Students (초등학생 가슴압박소생술과 기본심폐소생술의 교육효과 비교)

  • Ahn, Myung Ja;Kim, Young Im
    • Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.130-139
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: The object of this study was to compare the educational effect about self-efficacy and the quality of chest compressions of Hands-only CPR and Basic CPR. Methods: It's a nonequivalent control group pre-post repeated quasi-experiment study conducted with entire fifth grade students belong to one school in H city. The study participants are 68 persons, and data were collected from December 2, 2013 to February 7, 2014. Self-efficacy was measured by 10 items, and the quality of chest compressions was measured by 5 variables which are average compression depth(mm), average rate (n/min), average count per minutes (n), abnormal placement (n), compression accuracy (%). Results: Self-efficacy of the experimental group and control group showed no significant difference but showed significant difference over time and was the highest at posttest 1 (immediately after education), the lowest at pretest (before education), middle at posttest 2 (8weeks after education) (p<.001). Experimental group was significantly higher than control group in average rate per minute. At posttest 1, experimental group was $130.0{\pm}9.38$ times, control group was $95.1{\pm}11.82$ times. At posttest2, experimental group was $124.0{\pm}14.89$ times, control group was $90.8{\pm}14.89$ times.(p<.001). Average rate (n/min) was significantly declined at control group in the quality of chest compressions over time (t=-2.400, p=.022). Average count per minute and compression accuracy were declined significantly so it were not maintained to posttest2. Conclusion: We need continuous CPR education because self-efficacy of CPR getting lower significantly over time. Hands-only CPR can't be seen as a way to increase the CPR ability of elementary school students having difficulty to perform artificial breathing. And, because the effect of education is not maintained 8wks after training, the technique centered repeated training is needed and a method which can increase compression accuracy is also needed.

Effects of Simulation Learning Using SBAR on Clinical Judgment and Communication Skills in Undergraduate Nursing Students

  • Oh, Hyekyung
    • International Journal of Contents
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.30-37
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    • 2021
  • This study aimed to determine the effects of simulation learning program using SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) techniques on undergraduate nursing students' clinical judgment and communication skills. A quasi-experimental research design (one-group pretest-posttest design) was used in this study. The participants included 88 students from a nursing college. There were statistically significant differences in clinical judgment, communication clarity, and communication confidence between pre-simulation learning using SBAR and post (t=10.32, p<.0001; t=6.05, p=<.0001; t=7.42, p=<.0001). The simulation learning program using SBAR was found to improve nursing students' clinical judgment as well as clarity and confidence in interprofessional communication.

The Development of a Math-Friendly Activity Program for the Alleviation of Mathematics Anxiety (수학불안 감소를 위한 수학 친화적 활동 프로그램 개발)

  • Yoon, Rak-Kyeong;Jeon, In-Ho
    • Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.583-613
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    • 2010
  • Mathematics anxiety is likely to be a drag on mathematics learning if that is left alone, and it is important to grasp the cause of mathematics anxiety and devise how to get rid of it. The purpose of this study was to examine the cause of mathematics anxiety among elementary school children, to develop a math-friendly activity program geared toward easing mathematics anxiety and to check the effect of the developed program on the alleviation of mathematics anxiety. The subjects in this study were 32 students in a fourth-grade class in I elementary school located in Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul. A math-friendly activity program was designed to alleviate the mathematics anxiety of the five subfactors-test anxiety, time constraints, comprehension, learning motivation and parent attitude-on which the students scored higher than their pretest collective averages. The mathematics anxiety pretest data, the objectives and content system of the current 7th national mathematics curriculum and the mathematics textbooks for 4-A and 4-B were analyzed to develop the math-friendly activity program that consisted of psychological remedy (positive thinking training) and non-psychological remedy (mathematics activities). After the program was implemented, we analyze the pretest and posttest mathematics anxiety data to determine the effect of the program. As a result, the collective averages of every student on math anxiety and its subfactors were lower in the posttest than in the pretest.

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Effects of Song-Based Group Music Therapy on Exercise Stress and Positive Psychological Capital of Youth Soccer Players (노래중심 집단음악치료가 유소년 축구선수의 운동스트레스와 긍정심리자원에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hee Jin;Moon, So Young
    • Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.25-49
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    • 2018
  • This study examined the effects of song-based group music therapy on the exercise stress and positive psychological capital of youth soccer players. Eighty youth soccer players were assigned to either a song-based music therapy group or a control group. For the analysis of the effects of song-based group music therapy, the Exercise Stress scale and the Athlete Positive Psychological Capital scale were administered before and after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed using an independent sample t test and paired t test. The results were as follows. First, the experimental group showed a significantly lower posttest score on the exercise stress measure than the control group (p < .01). The control group showed a significant increase from pretest to posttest on the exercise stress measure (p < .05). Second, the experimental group scored significantly higher at posttest than the control group on the positive psychological capital measure (p < .01). The control group demonstrated a statistically significant decrease from pretest to posttest on the positive psychological capital scale (p < .05). The results suggest that song-based group music therapy is an effective treatment method that lowers exercise stress and raises positive psychological capital of youth soccer players.

The Effects of Melodic Percussion Playing Group Program on Team Cohesion and Team Efficacy of Youth Soccer Players (선율타악기 연주중심 집단프로그램이 유소년 축구선수의 팀응집력과 팀효능감에 미치는 효과)

  • Kim, Heejin;Moon, Soyoung
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.19 no.9
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    • pp.558-566
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study is to fine out whether melodic percussion playing group program affects the team cohesion and team efficacy of youth soccer players. In this study fifty seven middle school soccer players were participated. The participants were assigned to either a melodic percussion playing group or a control group. In order to identify the effectiveness of music program, assessments were conducted using the team cohesion and team efficacy scales before and after the program. The results of comparison analysis through t-test are as follows. First, in the posttest of team cohesion between groups, the experimental group showed a significant difference over the control group. In the pretest and posttest examinations within a experimental group, the group also showed a significant difference. Second, in the posttest of team efficacy between groups, the experimental group showed a significant difference over the control group. In the pretest and posttest examinations within a experimental group, the group also showed a significant difference. These results of this study suggest that melodic percussion playing group program may be an effective intervention tool to improve team cohesion and team efficacy of youth soccer players.

Development of A First-aid Education Program and Its Effectiveness -A Care of Mothers of infant, toddler and preschool children- (외상 응급처치 교육 프로그램의 개발 및 효과 -영유아 및 학령전 아동의 어머니를 대상으로-)

  • Shin, Sun-Hwa;Oh, Pok-Ja
    • The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.234-243
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    • 2003
  • The researcher has studied the types of accidents and injuries that most often occur to infants, toddlers and preschool children. Using this knowledge, a first aid program was developed for mothers. This researcher used a Quasi experimental study which consisted of a nonequivalent control group pretest - posttest design for injury first-aid knowle. The experimental group consisted of 32 mothers, and the control group consisted of 29. The education program consisted of the types of injury, the structure and function of skin, the methods of obsevation, first-aid awareness, and the standard of professional support in case of contusion, abrasion, laceration, fracture and burn. The education program was developed and based on 'the systemetic design of instruction' by Dick & Carey(1996) and utilized multimedia text book, pictures, examples, practice and discussions to increase understanding and effectiveness of learning. The data for this study was collected from September to early November, 2001. There were two fomative evauations, pretest and posttest with an intervention of education program. The analysis of the collected data was analyzed by descriptive analysis, ANOVA, t-test and paired t-test using the SPSS 10.0 program. The results as follows; 1. The experimental group, who was given an education program before the test, got higher marks on the injury first-aid knowledge than the control group. There was a significant difference in knowledge between experimental group and control group(t=6.578, p=.000). 2. The experimental group got higher marks on the action evaluation than the control group. There were significant differences in the certainity of action (t=8.546, p=.000) and the accuracy of action (t=7.654, p=.000) between experimental group and control group. This study examined how a first aid education program increased effectiveness in the knowledge and action of injury first-aid.

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