• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.60-64
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• 2002

This paper describes the machining characteristics of the MoSi$_2$--based composites through the process of electric discharge drilling with various tubular electrodes. In addition to hardness characteristics, microstructures of Nb/MoSi$_2$laminate composites were evaluated from the variation of fabricating conditions, such as preparation temperature, applied pressure, and pressure holding time. MoSi$_2$-based composites have been developed in new materials for jet engines of supersonic-speed airplanes and gas turbines for high-temperature generators. These high performance engines may require new hard materials with high strength and high temperature-resistance. Also, with the exception of grinding, traditional machining methods are not applicable to these new materials. Electric discharge machining (EDM) is a thermal process that utilizes a spark discharge to melt a conductive material. The tool electrode is almost -unloaded, because there is n direct contact between the tool electrode and the work piece. By combining a non-conducting ceramic with more conducting ceramic, it was possible to raise the electrical conductivity. From experimental results, it was found that the lamination from Nb sheet and MoSi$_2$ powder was an excellent strategy to improve hardness characteristics of monolithic MoSi$_2$. However, interfacial reaction products, like (Nb, Mo)SiO$_2$and Nb$_2$Si$_3$formed at the interface of Nb/MoSi$_2$, and increased with fabricating temperature. MoSi$_2$composites, with which a hole drilling was not possible through the conventional machining process, enhanced the capacity of ED-drilling by adding MbSi$_2$, relative to that of SiC or ZrO$_2$reinforcements.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2014

After the Fukushima accident in 2011, it was revealed that nuclear power plant has the vulnerability to SBO accident and its extension situation without sufficient cooling of reactor core resulting core meltdown and radioactive material release even after reactor shutdown. Many safety systems had been developed like PAFS, hybrid SIT, and relocation of RPV and IRWST as a part of steps for the Fukushima accident, however, their applications have limitation in the situation that supply of feedwater into reactor is impossible due to high pressure inside reactor pressure vessel. The concept of hybrid heat pipe with control rod is introduced for breaking through the limitation. Hybrid heat pipe with control rod is the passive decay heat removal system in core, which has the abilities of reactor shutdown as control rod as well as decay heat removal as heat pipe. For evaluating the cooling performance hybrid heat pipe, a commercial CFD code, ANSYS-CFX was used. First, for validating CFD results, numerical results and experimental results with same geometry and fluid conditions were compared to a tube type heat pipe resulting in a resonable agreement between them. After that, wall temperature and thermal resistances of 2 design concepts of hybrid heat pipe were analyzed about various heat inputs. For unit length, hybrid heat pipe with a tube type of $B_4C$ pellet has a decreasing tendency of thermal resistance, on the other hand, hybrid heat pipe with an annular type $B_4C$ pellet has an increasing tendency as heat input increases.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.75-86
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• 1986

철도궤조(軌條) 용접연결부(鎔接連結部)는 용접(鎔接)에 의한 저인성(低靭性), 잔류응력(殘溜應力), 용접변형등(鎔接變形等)의 효과로 피로균열성장거동(疲勞龜裂成長擧動)의 복잡성을 나타낸다. 또한 철도궤조(軌條)의 장대화(長大化)로 용접연결(鎔接連結)이 불가피하며 용접연결부(鎔接連結部)에서는 피로파괴(疲勞破壞)가 빈번히 발생(發生)하고 있다. 이에 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 소재부(素材部), 가스압접부(壓接部), 테르밋트용접부(鎔接部)에 대하여 피로실험(疲勞實驗)을 행(行)하여 S-N 선도작성(線圖作成)의 기본적인 자료를 제시코져 하였다. 그 결과(結果), 소재부(素材部)가 용접부(鎔接部)보다, 또 가스압접부(壓接部)가 테르밋트용접부(鎔接部)보다 피로균열성장(疲勞龜裂成長)에 대한 저항성(抵抗性)이 좋으며, 이와같은 용접부(鎔接部)와 고강도(高强度)의 궤조강(軌條鋼)은 종래의 재료역학적(材料力學的)인 방법(方法)만으로 파괴(破壞)를 제어하는 것은 매우 위험하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.228-238
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of chacteristics of knit fabrics on the microclimate of the skin simulating system. To determine the effect of characteristics of knit fabrics, vapor state of sweat pulse was simulated in the closed system. Different contents of fibers such as cotton, wool and polyester with different yarn size and knit types were chosen for specimens. The changes of humidity and temperature of air layer in the simulated systems were measured. Buffering indices, $K_d$ and $\beta_r$, were determined by considering $\alpha_p, \DeltaP_{max}, t_{max}, and tan\beta$. Physical properties of knit fabrics such as thickness, porosity, air resistance and moisture vapor transport were measured. Results showed that vapor pressure of wool was lower than cotton or polyester This was attributed to the hydrophilicity of wool which absorbed moisture rather quickly and retained in the knit fabric. The time to decrease vapor pressure was faster for polyester than cotton or wool. As a result, $K_d$ was in the order of wool> polye, item> cotton. $\beta_r$ of wool was rower than cotton or polyester due to its lowers porosity and slower desorption rate. For the yarn size, $K_d$ was in the order of 80's> 60's> 30's; thinner and lighter yarn showed better water vapor transport property. For knit type, buffering capacity of single jersey was better than interlock knit fabric. Statistical analysis showed that the air permeability was the most influential factor far the water vapor transport properties.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2002년도 제5회 압출 및 인발가공 심포지엄
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• pp.43-49
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• 2002

A7003 alloy has characteristics of their excellent weldability, high corrosion resistance and superior plastic working however the broadening of application for the alloy has been hampered by the lower extrudability associated by Mg content. For improvement of extrudability and enhanced recovery efficiency during Al scrap recyeling, it has been generally practiced to reduce Mg content in A7003 alloy. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the influence of Mg content on mechanical strength and extrudability of A7003 alloy. For efficient material processing which has small amounts, life cycle assessment in material processing(MLCA) is evaluated. The quantitative analysis of energy requirements and $CO_2$ emission for production of A7003 extruded bar are estimated with different Mg content and billet pre-heating process (heating source by light oil or LPG). In particular, the estimation of energy requirements was performed within shipping and gating range (except the mining and extraction stages)to investigate the influence of the variables on energy requirements and $CO_2$ emission in detail. As Mg content increased, the flow stress and the extrusion pressure for A7003 alloy increased. It has been thought that an increment in extrusion pressure with increasing Mg content is caused by the solid solution hardening of Mg atoms in the matrix and increment in volume fraction of intermetallic compound, $Mg_2Si$. The extrudability and the tensile strength are equal to, or above that of conventional A 7003 alloy even the content of Mg varied from $1.1wt.\%\;to\;0.5wt.\%$ alloy. This means that minimizing the content of Mg in A7003 alloy can enhance recovery efficiency during Al scrap recycling. It can be quoted that rather than Mg content energy source for billet heating is a prime factor to determine the atmospheric $CO_2$ emission.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

최근 화학 산업이 발전함에 따라 고압설비가 널리 이용되고 있다. 이러한 고압 설비는 편리성과 함께 많은 위험을 내포하고 있다. 파열판 안전장치는 고압설비의 안전사고로부터 설비와 생명을 보호하는 장치이다. 파열판 안전장치는 홀더, 파열판, 버큠서포트로 구성되어져 있으며, 다양한 환경 조건에서 부식되거나 파괴되는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 부식 저항성이 우수하여 파열판 안전장치의 소재로 많이 사용되고 있는 STS 316L stainless steel 소재를 이용해서 제작한 파열판 안전장치를 CATIA V5를 이용하여 3차원 모델링을 수행하고, 유한요소해석을 통하여 소재의 두께와 높이에 따라 파열판 안전장치의 파열에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.397-405
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• 2005

Noise may cause damage of the auditory system, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. However, we haven't the data enough to be available for understanding various effects of noise on the human body. The current study was prospectively designed to investigate the changes of the cardiac factors and cerebral hemodynamics following a transient exposure to noise in young people. 80 subjects (mean aged $23.45\pm2.40$ years) participated in this experiment and were exposed to excavator-noise with 90 decibels for 15 minutes using ear-phone. Cardiac factors such as heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate-systolic pressure product (RPP), and cerebral hemodynamics such as mean blood flow velocities (Vm), pulsatility indexes (PI), resistance indexes (RI) and mean blood flow velocities at breathing-hold (Vh) in the middle (MCA), anterior (ACA) and posterior cerebral arteries (PCA) were measured before (baseline) and during the noise-exposure. Although there were individual differences in above mentioned parameters, HR, systolic and diastolic BP, RPP, MCA-Vm, MCA-PI, MCA-RI, ACA-Vm, ACA-PI, ACA-RI, PCA-Vm, PCA-PI, and PCA-RI during the noise-exposure decreased compared with the baselines (P<0.05 or P<0.01), The findings of the present study suggest that a transient exposure to excavator-noise at rest causes changes in the cardiac factors and cerebral hemodynamics with individual differences. Further studies need to be carried out for clarifying the effects of longer exposure and combined mental activity with noise exposure.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.31-36
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• 2000

High temperature and pressure materials in power plant are degraded by creep damage, if they are exposed to constant loads for long times, which occurs in the load bearing structures of pressurized components operating at elevated temperatures. Many conventional measurement techniques such as replica method, electric resistance method, and hardness test method for measuring creep damage have been used. So far, the replica method is mainly used for the Inspection of High temperature and pressure components. This technique is, however, restricted to applications at the surface of the testpieces and cannot be used to material inside. In this paper, ultrasonic evaluation for the detection of creep damage in the form of cavaties on grain boundaries or integranular microcracks are carried out. And the absolute measuring method of quantitative ultrasonic velocity technique for Cr-Mo material degradation is analyzed. As a result of ultrasonic tests for crept specimens, we find that the sound velocity is decreased as the increase of creep life fraction$({\Phi}_c)$ and also, confirmed that hardness is decreased as the increase of creep life fraction$({\Phi}_c)$ but the coefficient of ultrasonic attenuation is increased as the increase of creep life fraction$({\Phi}_c)$. Finally based on the result in this paper, it can be recognized that the ultrasonic techniques using velocities and attenuation coefficient factor are very useful non-destructive methods to evaluate the degree of material degradation in fossile power plants.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.288-293
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We compared changes in heart-femoral pulse wave velocity (hfPWV) in response to low sodium and high sodium diet between individuals with sodium sensitivity (SS) and resistance (SR) to evaluate the influence of sodium intake on arterial stiffness. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Thirty-one hypertensive and 70 normotensive individuals were given 7 days of low sodium dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet (LSD, 100 mmol NaCl/day) followed by 7 days of high sodium DASH diet (HSD, 300 mmol NaCl/day) during 2 weeks of hospitalization. The hfPWV was measured and compared after the LSD and HSD. RESULTS: The hfPWV was significantly elevated from LSD to HSD in individuals with SS (P = 0.001) independently of changes in mean arterial pressure (P = 0.037). Conversely, there was no significant elevation of hfPWV from LSD to HSD in individuals with SR. The percent change in hfPWV from the LSD to the HSD in individuals with SS was higher than that in individuals with SR. Subgroup analysis revealed that individuals with both SS and hypertension showed significant elevation of hfPWV from LSD to HSD upon adjusted analysis using changes of the means arterial pressure (P = 0.040). However, there was no significant elevation of hfPWV in individuals with SS and normotension. CONCLUSION: High sodium intake elevated hfPWV in hypertensive individuals with SS, suggesting that high sodium intake increases aortic stiffness, and may contribute to enhanced cardiovascular risk in hypertensive individuals with SS.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1325-1333
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• 2011

해석적, 수치해석적, 실험적인 방법을 통하여 반원형상의 채널로 구성된 냉각판의 열수력학적인 특성을 고찰하였다. 본 연구에서는 레이놀즈 수 30-2000, 그에 따른 냉각판의 압력손실 30-105 Pa 의 구간에서 수행되었으며, 냉각채널 부피비 0.04, 시스템 크기 $10{\times}10$, $20{\times}20$ 및 $50{\times}50$ 각각에 대하여 최적화 및 최적화되지 않은 1, 2, 3 차 형상 6 개가 포함되었다. 해석적 방법으로 설계된 혈관구조 설계를 검증하기 위하여 3 차원 수치해석이 수행되었으며, 실험을 통하여 수치해석모델에 대한 타당성이 검증되었고, 전 범위에 걸쳐서 수치해석 및 실험결과가 비교적 잘 일치된 경향을 나타내었다. 또한, 최적화된 냉각판의 유동저항 및 열저항 모두 최적화되지 않은 냉각판에 비하여 뚜렷하게 작게 나타났으며, 제시된 수치해석 모델 역시 모두 냉각판의 성능예측에 유용한 도구임이 확인되었다.