• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.118-126
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• 1990

Titanium Cabride powders were prepared by the self-propagating high temperature synthesismethod in air from the mixture of metal titanium powder and carbon powder. The result are as follows : 1. The conversion effciency of higher than 95% can be obtained and the lattice constant value of the product was 4.322$\AA$. 2. The combustion mode, velocity and temperature of combustion wave was photographed using high-speed camera, and showed steady-state, velocity of 15.414mm/sec at 250$0^{\circ}C$. 3. The relative density and MOR strength of TiC sintered at 180$0^{\circ}C$ for 90 minutes by hot-pressing under the pressure of 200kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ were 95% and 395MPa, respectively.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.133-139
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• 2002

The lean premixed technique has been proven very efficient in reducing NOx emissions from gas turbine combustors. However combustion instability is susceptible to occur in lean premixed combustor. So laboratory-scale dump combustor was used to understanding the underlying mechanisms causing combustion instabilities. In this study, tests were conducted at atmospheric pressure and inlet air was up to $360^{\circ}C$ with natural gas. The observed instability was a longitudinal mode with a frequency of ${\sim}341.8Hz$. At selected unstable conditions, phase-resolved OH chemiluminescence images were captured to investigate flame structure with various equivalence ratio. Combustion instability was observed to occur at higher value of equivalence ratio(>0.69). This study was performed to investigate the effects of equivalence ratio and fuel split measuring NOx and acoustic wave. The results reveal the effect of fuel-air unmixedness on lean premixed combustor.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.1022-1029
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• 1998

The relation of the inlet fuel distribution, velocity, and overall equivalence ratio to the stability of a lean burning no-swirl dump combustor was examined. Premixed or partially premixed natural gas was introduced into the air stream, which flowed to the dump region through an annular inlet pipe. Inlet air was preheated upto 400 deg.C. Combustion instability was observed to occur at higher value of equivalence ratio (> 0.6) as the degree of unpremixedness was increased. Instabilities exhibited a dominant frequency of ~ 500 Hz, which corresponded to a half wave mode of combustor. CH chemiluminescence and pressure fluctuations were in-phase when combustion instabilities occurred. Acetone LIF images revealed that there was a strong fuel concentration gradient across the inlet annulus. Phase resolved OH LIF images showed that inlet fuel distribution was affected by the combustion instabilities.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2021

A 6-year-old, spayed female, Maltese dog with tachypnea and dry cough was presented to Gyeongsang National University Veterinary Medical Teaching hospital. On physical examination, its respiration rate was 132 per minute. Decreased partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and hyperlactatemia were found on arterial blood gas analysis. Its diastolic blood pressure was 80 mmHg. Auscultation revealed arrhythmia. Electrocardiogram revealed P pulmonale, P mitrale, and ventricular premature complexes. Thoracic radiographs revealed mild enlargement of both atrium and moderate enlargement of the left ventricular. There was also a moderate alveolar pattern in the right and caudal part of the left cranial lung lobe. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed enlargement of generalized four chambers without remarkable findings of valvular degeneration. M-mode echocardiography showed decreased left ventricular fractional shortening and enlarged left ventricular internal diameter at both end-systolic and end-diastolic. Color-flow Doppler imaging revealed eccentric turbulent flow starting below the left ventricular outflow tract and extending into the left atrium during systole. Spectral Doppler recordings revealed a high velocity flow through the mitral, tricuspid, aorta, and pulmonic regurgitation. Restrictive transmitral flow revealed high E-wave velocity, short E-wave deceleration time, and reduced A-wave velocity. There was also low ejection velocity thorough left ventricular out tract flow. Based on echocardiographic examination, dilated cardiomyopathy was the tentative diagnosis. The dog was medicated with inotropes, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, and diuretics. At the 10-day following-up, the dog died suddenly. This report describes echocardiographic diagnosis and prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy rarely reported in small breed dogs.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.118-131
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• 1995

The shock fracture analysis for the structures of navy vessels subject to underwater explosions or of high speed vessels frequently subject to impact loads has been carried out in two steps such as the global or macro analysis and the fine or micro analysis. In the macro analysis, Doubly Asymptotic Approximation(DAA) has been applied. The three main failure modes of structure members subject to strong shock loading are late time fracture mode such as plastic large deformation mainly due to dynamic plastic buckling, and the early time fracture mode such as tensile tearing failure or transverse shear failure. In this paper, the tensile tearing failure mode is numerically analyzed for the micro analysis by calculating the dynamic stress intensity factor $K_I(t)$, which shows the relation between stress wave and crack propagation on the longitudinal stiffener of the model. Especially, in calculating this factor, the numerical caustic method developed from shadow optical method of caustic well known as experimental method is used. The fully submerged vessel is adopted for the macro analysis at first, of which the longitudinal stiffener, subject to early shock pressure time history calculated in macro analysis, is adopted for the micro analysis.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2017

Small valves including ball valves, gate valves and butterfly valves have been adopted in the fields of steam power generation, petrochemical industry, carriers, and oil tankers. Butterfly valves have normally been applied to fields where in narrow places installing the existing valves such as gate valves and ball valves have proven difficult due to the surrounding area and the heavier of these valves. Butterfly valves are used to control the mass flow of the piping system under low pressure by rotating the circular disk installed inside. The butterfly valve is benefitted by having simpler structure in which the flow is controlled by rotating the disc circular plate along the center axis, whereas the weight of the valve is light compared to the gate valve and ball valve above-mentioned, as there is no additional bracket supporting the valve body. The manufacturing company needs to acquire the performance and life test equipment, in the case of adopting the improving factors to detect leakage and damage on the seat of the valve disc. However, small companies, which are manufacturing the industrial valves, normally sell their products without the life test, which is the reliability test and environment test, because of financial and manpower problems. Furthermore, the failure mode analysis of the products failed in the field is likewise problematic as there is no system collecting the failure data on sites for analyzing the failures of valves. The analyzing and researching process is not arranged systematically because of the financial problem. Therefore this study firstly tried to obtain information about the failure data from the sites, analyzed the failure mode based on the field data collected from the customers, and then obtained field data using measuring equipment. Secondly, we designed and manufactured the performance and life test equipment which also have the real time monitoring system with the naked eye for the butterfly valves. The concept of this equipment can also be adopted by other valves, such as the ball valve, gate valve, and various others. It can be applied to variously sized valves, ranging from 25 mm to large sized valves exceeding 3000 mm. Finally, this study carries out the life test with square wave pressure, using performance and life test equipment. The performance found out that the failures from the real time monitoring system were good. The results of this study can be expanded to the other valves like ball valves, gate valves, and control valves to find out the failure mode using the real time monitoring system for durability and performance tests.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.1712-1724
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• 2024

Spiral tubes are used in a wide range of applications and it is significant to understand the vibration introduced by two-phase flow in spiral tubes. In this paper, the numerical method is used to study the vibration induced by the gas-liquid two-phase flow in a spiral tube with different flow regimes. The pressure fluctuation characteristics at the pipe wall and the solid vibration response characteristics are obtained. The results show that the motion of small bubbles in bubbly flow leads to small pressure fluctuations with low-frequency broadband (0-50 Hz). The motion of the gas plug in the plug flow causes small amplitude periodic pressure fluctuation with a shortened low-frequency broadband (0-15 Hz) compared to the bubbly flow. The motion of the gas slug in the slug flow causes large periodic fluctuations in pressure with a significant dominant frequency (6-7 Hz). The wavy flow is very stable and has a distinct main frequency (1-2 Hz). The vibration regime in the bubbly flow and wave flow are close to the first-order mode, and the vertical vibrating component is dominant. The plug flow and slug flow excite higher-order vibration modes, and the lateral vibration component plays more important part in the vibration response.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1145-1158
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• 1994

A three-dimensional, finite difference, numerical model with free surface was developed on ${\sigma}$-coordinate. A semi-implicit numerical scheme in time has been adopted for computational efficiency. The scheme is essentially independent of the stringent stability criteria (CFL condition) for explicit schemes of external surface gravity wave. Implicit algorithm was applied for vertical shear stress, Coriolis force and pressure gradient terms. The reliability of the model with vertically variable grid system was checked by the comparison of simulation results with analytic solution of wind-driven currents in a one-dimensional channel. Sensitivity analysis of differencing parameters was carried out by applying the model to the calculation of wind-driven currents in a square lake.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.629-635
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• 2017

Free-Flooded Ring (FFR) transducer array for use in Sonar system can be driven with large amplitude in a wide frequency band due to its structural characteristics, in which two resonances of a ring mode (1st radial mode) and an inner cavity vibration mode occur in a low frequency band. Since its sound wave generation characteristics are not influenced by the water pressure, the FFR transducer array is widely used in the deep sea. So FFR has been recognized as a low-frequency active sound source and has received much attention ever since. In order to utilize the FFR transducer array for SONAR systems in military and industrial applications, its equivalent electric circuit model is necessary especially to design the matching circuit between the driving power amplifier and the FFR transducer array. Thus this paper proposes the equivalent electric circuit model of FFR transducer array by using measured values of parameter, and suggest the improved method of parameter identification. Finally it verifies the effectiveness of the proposed circuit model of FFR transducer array by experimental measurements.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.158-164
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• 2017

Typical hydrophones in line array sensors for early detection of covert underwater targets can measure only sound-pressure-magnitude with the limitation of being unable to identify the direction of an incoming wave. In this study, a thickness shear mode vibrator was proposed as the main component of an inertia type vector hydrophone to measure both magnitude and direction of acoustic signals from targets. The equation to analyze the output voltage of the vibrator to an external force was derived, and the validity of the equation was verified through finite element analysis of a PMN-PT single crystal vibrator. The analysis results from this study will be utilized in the future for the design of inertia type vector hydrophones made of thickness shear vibrators.