• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2017

The IRR (internal rate of return) is often used by investors for the evaluation of engineering projects. Unfortunately, it is widely known that it has serial flaws. Also, External rate of returns (ERRs) such as ARR (Average Rate of Return) or MIRR (MIRR, Modified Internal Rate of Return) do not differentiate between the real investment and the expenditure. The PRR (Productive rate of return) is faithful to the conception of the return on investment. The PRR uses the effective investment instead of the initial investment. In this paper, we examined two cases of the engineering project. the one is a traditional engineering project with financing activity, another is the project with R&D. Although the IRR has only one value, it overestimates or underestimate profitabilities of Engineering Projects. The ARR and the MARR assume that a returned cash reinvest other projects or assets instead of the project currently executing. Thus they are only one value of a project's profitability, unlike the IRR. But the ARR does not classify into the effective investment and non-investment expenditure. It only accepts an initial expenditure as for an investment. The MIRR also fails to classify into the investment and the expenditure. It has an error of making a loss down as the investment. The IRR works as efficiently as a NPW (Net Present Worth). It clearly expresses a rate of return in respect of an investment in an engineering project with a loan. And it shows its ability in an engineering project with a R&D investment.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.657-662
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• 2012

The cogeneration system can operate at efficiencies greater than those achieved when heat and power are produced in separate. The optimal system can be determined by selecting the auxiliary system combined with cogeneration system. In the present study, economic investigation has been conducted with the cogeneration electric heat pump(EHP) system and the cogeneration absorption chiller(AC) system to install in a school dormitory. To analyze life cycle cost(LCC), cost items such as initial investment costs, annual energy costs and maintenance costs of each system have been considered. The initial investment cost is referred to the basis of estimated costs, and annual energy costs such as the electric power and gas consumption are based on the data in a school dormitory. LCC is evaluated with the present worth method. Considering investigated results, the initial investment cost of the cogeneration EHP system is more profitable about 24% than that of the cogeneration AC system. The energy cost of the cogeneration EHP system is more profitable about 8% than the cogeneration AC system. The LCC shows that the cogeneration EHP system is the most effective system in the school dormitory.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.361-370
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• 1993

Low power physics tests should be peformed for the domestic pressurized light water reactors (PWRs) after refueling. The tests are peformed to ensure that operating characteristics of the core are consistent with predictions and that the core can be operated as designed. But in some low power physics tests, slow but steady reactivity increasing phenomena were noticed after step reactivity insertion by the control rod movement. These reactivity increasing phenomena are due to the low flux level and the gamma background because an uncompensated ion chamber (UIC) is used as the ex-core neutron detector. The gamma background may affect the results or the lour power physics tests. The aims or this paper are to analyze the grounds of such phenomena, to simulate a reference bank worth measurement test and to present a resolution quantitatively. In this study, the gamma background level was estimated by numerically solving the point kinetics equations accounting the gamma background effect. The reactivity computer check test was simulated to verify the model. Also, an appropriate neutron flux level was determined by simulating the reference bank worth measurement test. The determined neutron flux level is approximately 0.3 of the nuclear heating flux. This level is about 3 times as high as the current test upper limit specified in the test procedure. Then, the findings from this work were successfully applied to Kori unit 4 cycle 7 and Yonggwang unit 1 cycle 7 physics tests.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.3-33
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• 1989

The amount of the Korean export & import in 1987 reached $88.3 billion which was 1.75% of the total world trade and the proportion of foreign dependence to G.N.P was 74.5%. From these facts, we can infer that the development of national economy is largely dependent upon trade. Therefore the role of transportation, especially Ocean transportation, as a basis of economic development through trade is one of the main factors that can not be passed over. Here, We can define that a port as a subsystem of transportation determines the efficiency of the total transportation system. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to contribute in improvement of the efficiency in port, reinforcement of the international competitiveness for exporting goods by the analysis of the cargo handling charges. In order to do this, this paper deals the case of B.C.T.O.C. Furthermore, this study gives some important informations related to the level of tariffs for establishing an autonomous port administration. The Summary of the conclusions of this paper is as follows ; 1) The object of port administration in Korea has been emphasized on the maximization of efficiency in using the port facilities. Nowadays, however, it should be moved to a direction that port is operated under the compound aims considering the public interests and economy. 2) For a criterian of tariff calculation, A tariff system based on the cost accounting is desirable. In general it is recommended that the cost for construction, management, and operation of port is compensated by the revenue from port operation. Therefore, it is necessary for the administration bodies of each port to establish a tariff system on the basis of the independent profit system. 3) For the investigation of actors of tariff adjustment by the Break-even point analysis, (1) When we conducted the B.E.P analysis using total cost as cost term, we got 3.8% discount in tariff at 12% of target profit rate and 1.5% discount at 15% of rate. when we set the target profit rate as 17% we could have the proper tariff level. (2) When using operating cost as cost term, we got 13.1% discount in tariff at 12% of target profit rate and 10.9% discount at 15% of rate. When setting the target profit rat as 28%, we could have the proper tariff level. 4) Comparing with the tariffs of foreign ports for the basic terminal rate, The tariff level of B.C.T.O.C showed 33% of stevedoring charge and 80% of marshalling charge incurred at Kobe port. The comparison with Singapore port gave 50% of transhipment charge and 17% - 20 % of stevedoring charge. 5) We found that the financial structure of B.C.T.O.C was better than those of other companies and the worth fixed assets ratio was too low. The fact of low worth fixed assets ratio implies that the cargo handling facilities should be increased. Moreover, The return of assets for B.T.T.O.C was good but non-operating expenses were still contained too much in. Therefore, we think that it is necessary for B.C.T.O.C. to rationalize business management. Although the present cargo handing charge for B.C.T.O.C is a proper level in terms of a public corporation, for the final recommendation in connection to the results, It is required to take the rationalization process for business management.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.177-188
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• 2002

A thousands of chairs have designed from the Victorian era to the present. Thonet's Nol4 chair in 1859, Wright's high-back chair in 1904, Ritveld's red/blue chair in 1917, Breuer's Wassily chair in 1925, Aalto's Paimio chair in 1932, Eames's DAR chair in 1948, Piero Gatti's Sacco chair in 1969, Starck's Von Volgelsang chair in 1984, Stumpf's Aeron Chair in 1992, Little's 'Coat of arms' chair in 1994 - the list of architects who have seized the opportunity to express their theories in the design of a chair is seemingly endless. Architects such as Machintosh(1868-1928), Wright(1807-1959), Aalto(1898-1976) included chairs within their artistic schemes for interiors and buildings. But as the manufacture of chairs moved away from the domain of the craftsman towards that of the industrial process, architects were also ideally positioned, with their background knowledge of engineering, to pioneer innovative chair design within the constraints of modern manufacturing technology. Beyond matters of function and structure, the fundamental worth of chairs, past or present, lies in their communication of attitudes, ideas and values. The persuasiveness of a chair depend on the clarity of its rhetoric. Chair has become an ideal medium for designers to make their visual statements and construct their individual manifestos. In chair design there is a ping-pong game played out between absurd and useful design, and this game is one way in which the design profession explores itself.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.247-272
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• 2012

This study scarcity of recent online message promotion limited quantity of messages and time the message is limited controlled variable message whose regulatory focus and promotional discounts depending on the presence of any differences in attitudes and purchase intention appears, was to verify empirically. The results of this study, first, if limited quantity of messages focus on prevention rather than focusing on messages promoting promotion attitudes and purchase intention was higher. Second, the scarcity message is simply, as well as adjust the focus, such as price discounts and promotional activities can be controlled by a variety of points were identified. If the message is particularly limited quantity discounts are not present, rather than the message, the message is presented when the discount promotional attitudes and purchase intention, except that the amplification has been demonstrated. If the message is limited time, however, these discounts are worth the extra promotion on attitudes and purchase intentions are least likely to affect the thing that was found.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.277-280
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• 2011

Brucellosis is the most important bacterial disease of livestock in Bangladesh. The present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in goat and sheep in Mymensingh and Bogra districts of Bangladesh using slow agglutination test and Rose Bengal test as screening test and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay as confirmatory test. Questionnaire based data on age, gender, area, client's complaint, number of animals in herds, disease history, reproductive problems such as abnormal uterine discharge, abortion or previous abortion in sheep and goat and their reproductive diseases were recorded. A total of 200 sera samples were collected from 80 sheep and 120 goats. The prevalence of brucellosis in goat was 2.50% and 1.25% in sheep. Positive reactors were only detected in female of both goat and sheep. In this study, there existed a significant association among abortion and the prevalence of brucellosis (p < 0.01). The prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goat in Bangladesh is not negligible, and it is therefore worth considering the adoption of preventive measures.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-57
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• 1984

The fisherman has been playing the roles of forming the fisheries village and surviving the fisheries production. Therefore, we should understand the nature of the fisherman's successor-cultivation which has been performed in order to maintain equlibrium between the fisheries economy and the national economy. Thesedays, fisherman's successor-cultivation mainly has been undertaken by the government in order to facilitate forming the economic foundation of fisherman's successor who has intended to choose "fisheries" as his own occupation in the future. From the above-mentioned, we find the meaning of the undertaking as both securing the foundation of living permanently and having the worth-while life of a professional fisherman by the survival and growth of his own business. And then, choosing the "fisheries" as an occupation, the successor should be satisfied with the requisites of occupation: 1) maintaining one's living, 2) working out one's individuality, 3) fulfilling one's social role-through engaging in the fisheries. Therefore, in order to have these requisites satisfied, I intend to suggest the followings : Firstly to maintain one's living, the environment of fisheies village should be kept in good condition to facilitate the successor's economic performance. Secondly to work out one's individuality, the fisheries' educational system should be adjusted to improve fisherman's ability. 1 hope to institute "the course of regional fisheries management" in fisheries high school and junior vocational collage, and "the school of fisheries management" for the learning of advanced fisheries knowledge. Thirdly to fulfill one's role, the opportunity actively participating in decision-making of the village's affair should be prepared more sufficiently, and the present fishing-centered fisheries system should be reformed into the fish-farming-centered fisheries system. To do this, the long-perspective vision is necessary. These three suggestions are come out from the macro-view point. Meanwhile the fisherman as an individual to improve his business is from the micro-view point. That is, the public aid, financial and legal, should be prepared. The above-mentioned suggestions are necessary to equalize fisherman's social status with other professional's especially from the result of improving the successor's economic force. Therefore, the principle of cultivating the fisherman's successor should be the principle of social equilibrium. be the principle of social equilibrium.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.865-874
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• 2015

This research is to comprehensively evaluate offensive abilities of baseball players who are expected to produce as many runs as possible by their hitting and running. To this end, we establish a simulation program to obtain the so-called scoring index of an individual player. The scoring index of a player is defined as an expected number of runs scored by an imaginary team that is composed of nine copies of the player. As a simulation input, we use 2014 season data of Korean pro-baseball. As a result, we present the scoring indices of top 10 players, 9 Korean pro-baseball teams, and overall 2014 season. The scoring index can serve as a comprehensive evaluation of offensive ability of a player or a team, selection of players for a (national) team or for a starting line-up, estimation of player's worth, and so on.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.5 s.83
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• pp.113-128
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• 2006

This study was to verify the effectiveness of the Life Review-Narrative group therapy program on decreasing depression and death anxiety in the elderly. The program was organized according to a course of life from childhood to old age. The objectives were for the elderly to enhance self-worth, to become aware of their solitary existence, to accept aging and death, to accept the life: both past and present, and to make the most of experiences in overcoming difficulties. For the most part, the program used reminiscence and re-authoring of the narrative therapy as counseling techniques. Thirty-two elderly people(16 in the experimental group, 16 in the control group) aged 60 years and over were randomly selected from patients at the Daegu Metropolitan City General Welfare Center. Two groups were identified as equivalents for the study in the pre-test. The program for the experimental group was implemented twice a week for 90 minutes per session over a 6-week period(Sep. 8-Oct.14. 2005). The pre-test(Sep. 8 2005), the post-test(Oct. 14. 2005) and the follow-up test(Nov. 14. 2005) were implemented in order to verify the effectiveness of the programs. The instruments used in the study were the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form(Korean Version) and the Death Anxiety Scale. The data were analyzed using t-testing and One-Factor Repeated Measures ANOVA. This study supplemented other qualitative research methods in order to verify the variation in the depression and death anxiety in the elderly. The findings of the study were as follows: Significant decrease in the depression and death anxiety were reported in the experimental group. The control group however did not show any significant changes in the depression and death anxiety rates. The result of the post hoc multiple comparisons showed that the effects of the life review-narrative group therapy program has lasted effects on decreasing of the death anxiety. Nevertheless, the effects of the life review-narrative group therapy program on decreasing depression are not lasting. The study has limitations so further research is suggested.