• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2016

Financial preparation for retirement means making financial plans by predicting expected incomes and expenditures needed for maintaining success in later life. Because this preparation needs long-term planning, preparing as early as possible is recommended. This study, therefore, uses theory of planned behavior for examining the intention of financial preparation for retirement of consumers in their 20s and 30s. By using financial education and its understanding as additional variables, this study also intends to examine the ultimate effects on the intention. The following is a summary of the main results and suggestions. First, the level of consumer financial education is lower than the average. The level of understanding finance is lower than the average, and particularly, the level of understanding retirement related finance is much lower. Second, the more the attitude of financial preparation for retirement is positive, and the higher the level of subjective norm or perceived behavioral control is, the level of the intention of financial preparation for retirement tends to be more higher. Therefore, relevant efforts to encourage this preparation are needed. Third, the level of the intention of financial preparation for retirement is higher than the average, whereas financial education has no effects on the intention. This means that despite the importance of the financial education, its current implementation has many problems. The suggestions of this study are as follows. First of all, this study can provide preliminary data for developing retirement planning programs. In addition, in terms of the policy, given that this study targets relatively young consumers in their 20s and 30s, it can provide preliminary data for making policies for their future retirements.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.87-105
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors associated with instrumental support (i.e., economic and practical support) from parents to their adult children. We examined both parents' attitudes toward instrumental support for adult children and parents' actual provision of instrumental support. From the data of the 2010 second National Survey of Korean Families, we selected 532 mothers and 524 fathers who were married and had at least one adult child aged over 25. Multiple regression analyses by the parents' gender showed that fathers were more likely to agree with instrumental support for adult children in general when they had unmarried children, had a lower household income level, had a lower evaluation of their socio-economic class, were satisfied with their own household economic situation, had positive attitudes toward caregiving for elderly parents, and were satisfied with their couple relationships. For mothers, they were more likely to agree with instrumental support for adult children in general when they had positive attitudes toward caregiving for elderly parents, were satisfied with their couple relationships, and perceived their child as someone to rely on in times of difficulties. Our analyses of the actual provision of support indicated that fathers tended to provide more support when they perceived that they were healthy, had unmarried children, were less satisfied with their household economic situation, had negative attitudes toward child-rearing, and reported a higher quality of parent-child relationship. For mothers, they were more likely to provide actual support when they were healthy, had unmarried children, had a higher level of household income, were financially preparing for later life, and less satisfied with their couple relationships. The findings of this study imply that it is imperative to distinguish the attitudes toward support from the actual provision of support and to also consider parents' gender in the literature on instrumental support for adult children.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.37-52
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to provide the valid data about residential-linked pension insurance development. The development was a part of national housing projects, which was an incentive for rural living of retired people, in order to relieve residential issues of elderly and revitalize rural communities by residents moving from cities. The insuring intent, decisive insuring factors and the residential service demand degree of people preparing retirement were analyzed. Data was collected in October, 2007. 364 Sample Subjects lived in Seoul Metropolitan area. Firstly, more than 90% of respondents had intention to purchase a residential-linked pension insurance and about 50% of them necessarily desired receiving premium for moving in. This indicated that it could be developed as an insurance which helped to meet housing expenses by housing-linked system, and in the mean time, it met the original purpose of pension insurance as the pension benefit could be guaranteed for all the insurance subscribers. Secondly, the respondents, whose income and private assets were higher, were able to pay more for insurance compared to average. Therefore, It was necessary to regulate monthly insurance bill and the payment period according to asset states of insurance subscribers after establishing certain amount of total insurance payment. Thirdly, by and large, it indicated the tendency that the less they prepare for older age the later they wanted to move into the pension insurance residence. It was inferred that in the case of insufficient preparation for older age, people preferred preparing behind time by postponing move in to moving in early to enjoy retired life, due to uncertainties. lastly, the respondents understood the significance of health, medical treatment and emergency management service and these two services were preferred as essential provided services. Because of the necessity of developing residential-linked pension insurance was found to be positive, further research to find the real cost, directives for operation and institutional support for this type of pension insurance might be needed.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.625-635
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• 2004

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of gastric cancer couples in Korea and to generate a substantive theory integrating the experiences of gastric cancer survivors and their spouses as a whole. The specific aims of this study were to explore major problems gastric cancer couples faced and how they resolved these problems, focusing on inter-relational dynamics within the couples and on similarities and differences between the couples. Methods. This was a secondary analysis study using grounded theory techniques. The study used the data of 11 married couples which was collected from in-depth interviews from two primary studies. The unit of analysis was dyads of gastric cancer survivors and their spouses. Results. The basic social psychological process that emerged from the analysis was 'taking charge of their health.' Major categories involved in this process were identified as 1) adjusting to new diets, 2) reinforcing physical strength, 3) seeking information, 4) strengthening Ki, 5) lowering life-expectations, and 6) going their separate ways. These six categories represent major strategies in overcoming critical problems that occurred in day-to-day experiences. In terms of the process, the first five categories characterize the earlier stage of the process of 'taking charge of their health,' while 'going their separate ways' indicates the later stage and also the beginning of their separate ways: 'pursuing spiritual life' for the survivors, and 'preparing for the future' for the spouses. Conclusions. The results of this study will help design family care for the people with gastric cancer by providing in-depth understanding and insight on the lives of gastric cancer couples.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.137-152
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• 2012

The graying of populations is emerging as an international issue around the world, and this is a problem that is rapidly advancing in Korea as well, signaling the need for financial preparations for the aged. For this purpose, various retirement pension systems are being employed as preparatory measures for the nation's elderly. Using data from 1474 people in the 2007 panel study of National Security for the Retired, the present work attempts to look at satisfaction rates with regard to public pension receipts for the national pension and special occupational pensions according to general characteristics and factors related to the preparation for an aging society. Satisfaction with retirement pension receipts according to the type of pension was high for special occupation retirement pensions, individual retirement pensions and the national retirement pension, in that order. Looking at satisfaction rates based on the general characteristics of pension recipients, the study revealed that for the national pension, satisfaction was highest for groups with above-average physical and psychological health, groups who think appropriate living expenses for the elderly are lower, groups in which a partner also earns income, and groups who had amply prepared for their expected living expenses in later life. Regarding special occupation retirement pensions, satisfaction was high for groups over the age of 70, groups with good psychological health, and groups sufficiently prepared for their living expenses in later expenses, compared to groups for which these factors did not apply. In terms of the relative influences impacting retirement pension recipient satisfaction, satisfaction with the national pension was highest when the primary source to cover elderly living expenses was a resource other than income earned by the recipient and their partner and/or income received from children. Concerning special occupation retirement pensions, satisfaction was highest among those whose education terminated before middle school, and for those in good physical health. Based on the above results, it is vital that plans exist for preparing sufficiently for the living expenses of the elderly and for facilitating the physical and psychological health of pension recipients. Plans are also necessary to, ensure that citizens are provided with easily accessible educational programs and activities regarding general installment savings and deposits, stocks and bonds, real estate investments, individual retirement pensions, private insurance, severance pay pensions, and public pensions.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.247-270
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• 2010

본 연구는 노인의 지속적 자원봉사활동 경험이 그들의 삶에 부여하는 의미와 본질은 어떤 것인가를 이해하기 위해 Giorgi의 현상학적 연구방법을 사용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 짧게는 6년, 길게는 23년 이상 지속적으로 봉사활동에 참여하고 있는 전라북도 거주 노인 5명을 대상으로 심층면접을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, '마음에서 우러나옴', '노후에 새로운 삶을 발견함', '아낌없이 주는 즐거움', '삶의 중심으로 들어온 봉사활동', '쉼 없는 봉사활동'이라는 5개의 구성요소를 도출하고, 본질적 주제는 '다시 찾은 활기 찬 삶의 기쁨'으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 밝혀진 노인의 지속적 자원봉사활동 경험의 본질은 '성공적 노후생활의 구성요소'와 대체로 일치한다. 따라서 자원봉사활동이 '개인적 차원의 선행'이라는 의미에서 '성공적 노후생활'의 실현을 위한 사회적 차원의 조건이라는 의미로 해석되어야 하는 인식론적 전환이 이루어져야 할 것이고, 이를 구현하기 위해 국가 및 공공차원의 지원 대책이 적극 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.3-13
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine dietary attitudes of students and changes in their attitudes toward the school lunch service. The participants of the study were 483 students ranging from third grade elementary school students to middle school sophomores living in the Seoguipo area of Jeju Island. The subjects were asked to complete questionnaires under the supervision of their teachers or dietitians, and data were grouped into elementary school 3rd and 4th grades, elementary school 5th and 6th grades; and middle school 1st and 2nd grades for each gender. There were no significant differences among the groups with respect to their regularity of food intake, dietary considerations, or the frequency of imbalance in their diets. In the case of female participants, their frequency of snacking decreased as their grade level increased. In general, the overall changes in dietary attitudes became more negative as their grade level increased. Male students demanded increased serving sizes of both staple food and side dishes, while female students demanded increased serving sizes dishes, but not staple food as their grade levels increased. there was also an increase in the number of student sin higher grades who discarded or did not eat enough their entire meals. The major reasons for not eating the food were : no taste to the food and not proper saltiness of food. These results may suggest that school dietitians need to pay more attention to increased taste and proper seasoning of meals. Students suggested that the school lunch service should be continued, but that it needs improvement. Students in higher grades were more aware of the importance of the environment in which the meal was provided. Also, an early education in nutrition and healthy diets seemed important in preparing them for following a healthy lifestyle in later life.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.14-31
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 예비과학교사들을 대상으로 하여 이들이 과학교사가 되고자 하는 동기는 무엇이며, 이러한 동기는 성장과정에서 어떻게 형성되었는지, 그리고 이들이 가지는 미래 자신에 대한 과학교사상에는 어떤 특성이 나타나는지 알아보았다. 이들의 과학교사가 되고자 하는 동기와 동기 형성과정은 경험에 기반을 두어 형성된 것이기 때문에 개인적인 측면이 많았지만, 다음과 같은 공통적인 특성을 보였다. 첫째 예비과학교사들의 성장과정을 살펴보았을 때, 교육에 대한 흥미와 과학에 대한 흥미는 서로 별개로 존재하다가 나중에 과학교사에 대한 흥미로 두 관심이 모아졌으며, 과학교사가 자신의 흥미와 적성이 꼭 맞음을 발견했을 때, 그들은 과학교사에 대한 자신의 내적 동기를 발전시킬 수 있었다. 둘째, 중 고등학교에서의 보조교사 경험, 수업관찰, 초등학생 대상 과학교육 프로젝트의 참여, 과학 캠프 교사 등 교육현장을 직접보고, 가르쳐본 경험이 자신의 적성을 확인하는 중요한 계기가 되었다. 셋째, 교육에 대한 적성을 확인할 수 있는 기회는 사적인 것보다는 공적인 기회가 많았으며, 이러한 기회들은 자신의 미래 교사상을 형성하고 교사로서의 준비를 하는데 있어 생생한 경험이 되었고, 과학교사가 되고자 하는 내적 동기를 강화시켜, 자신의 진로를 주도적으로 선택하는데 있어 기반이 되었다. 넷째, 미래 자신에 대한 과학교사상에는 일반적인 교사로서의 이미지가 더 큰 사람이 있는 반면, 과학을 가르치는데 대한 이미지가 더 큰 사람이 있었다. 이와 같은 교사상은 자신의 교사가 되고자 하는 동기 및 동기 형성과정과 긴밀하게 연관되어 있었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.277-290
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• 2020

이 연구에서는 전라남도 소재의 국립대학교 과학영재교육원 소속 중학교 2학년 4명의 영재 학생을 대상으로 탐구적 과학 글쓰기 수업을 적용한 과학 수업의 효과에 대한 학생들의 인식을 메타인지와 2015개정 과학과 교육과정의 목표의 관점에서 조사하였다. 과학 영재 학생들 대상의 설문과 면담을 통해, 과학 영재 학생들은 탐구적 과학 글쓰기를 적용한 과학 수업을 통해 메타인지의 계획, 모니터, 조절, 평가 네 가지 하위 영역에서 긍정적인 영향을 주었다고 인식하고 있었다. 그 이유로 과학 영재학생들은 자기주도적으로 실험을 설계하는 경험, 수집한 실험 자료를 지속적으로 점검하는 활동, 피드백 과정, 결론을 작성하는 과정에서 반성 경험 등을 제시하였다. 과학 영재 학생들은 탐구적 과학 글쓰기를 적용한 과학 수업을 통해 2015 개정 과학과 교육과정의 목표에 해당하는 태도, 탐구, 지식, 과학·기술·사회(STS), 과학학습의 즐거움과 유용성 영역에서 긍정적 인식을 가지고 있었다. 그 이유로 과학 영재 학생들은 자기주도적으로 탐구를 진행하는 경험, 동일한 주제의 연속적 실험 경험, 각 탐구의 단계에서 사고하는 과정, 탐구과정에서 학습하는 경험, 탐구의 전 과정 경험, 실생활과 밀접한 현상에 대한 탐구 등을 제시하였다. 따라서 효과적인 과학 수업을 위하여 과학 영재 학생들이 응답한 탐구적 과학 글쓰기를 적용한 과학 수업의 특징을 추후 과학 영재 수업뿐만 아니라 일반 학교 과학 수업에도 적용할 필요가 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.430-458
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• 1990

Care is a central concept of nursing. Nursing would not exist without caring. Care and quality of life are closely related. Human behavior is a manifestation of culture. We can say that caring and nursing care are expression of culture. The nurse must understand the relationship of culture with care for ensure quality nursing care. But knowledge of cultural factors in nursing is not well developed. Time and in - depth study are needed to find meaningful relationships between culture and care. Nurses recognized the importance of culturally appropriate nursing There are two care systems in culturally based nursing. The folk care system and the professional nursing care system. The folk care system existed long before the professional nursing care system was introduced into this culture. If the discrepancy between these two care systems is great, the client may receive inappropriate nursing care. Culture and subcaltures are diverse and dynamic in nature. Nurses need to know the caring behaviors, patterns, and their meaning in their own culture. In Korea we have taken some first step to study cultural nursing phenomena. It is not our intent necessarily to return to the past and develop a nationalistic of nursing, but to identify the core of traditional caring and relate that to professional nursing care. Our Assumptions are as follows : 1) Care is essential for human growth, well being and survial. 2) 7here are diverse and universal forma, expressions, patterns, and processes of human care that exist transcul - turally. 3) The behaviors and functions of caring differ according to the social structure of each culture. 4) Cultures have folk and professional care values, beliefs, and practices. To promote the quality of nursing care we must understand the folk care value, beliefs, and practices. We undertook this study to understand caring in our traditional culture. The Goals of this study were as follows : 1) To identify patterns in caring behavior, 2) To identify the structural components of caring, and 3) To understand the meaning and some principles of caring. We faised several questions in this study. Who is the care-giver? Who is the care-receipient? Was the woman the major care -giver at any time? What are the patterns in caring behavior? What art the priciples underlying the caring process? We used an interdisciplinary team approach, composed of representatives from nursing and anthropology, to contribute in -depth understanding of caring through a socicaltural perspeetive. A Field study was conducted in Ro-Bong, a small agricultural kinship village. The subjects were nine women and one man aged be or more years of age. Data were collected from january 15 to 21, 1990 through opem-ended in-depth interviews and observations. The interview focused on caring behaviors sorrounding birth, aging, death and child rearing. We analysed these data for meaning, pattern and priciples of caring. In this report we describe caring behaviors surrounding childbirth. The care-givers were primarily mothers- in -low, other women in the family older than the mother - to- be, older neighbor woman, husbands, and mothers of the mother-to- be. The care receivers were the mother-to-be the baby, and the immediate family as a component of kinship. Emerging caring behavior included praying, helping proscribing, giving moral advice(Deug - Dam), showing concern, instructing, protecting, making preparations, showing consideration, touching, trusting, encouraging, giving emotional comfort, being with, worrying about, being patient, preventing problems, showing by an example, looking after bringing up, taking care of postnatal health, streng thening the health condition, entering into another's feelings(empathizing), and sharing food, joy and sorrow The emerging caring component were affection, touching, nurtuing, teaching, praying, comforting, encouraging, sharing. empathizing, self - discipline, protecting, preparing, helping and compassion. Emerging principles of. caring were solidarity, heir- archzeal relationships, sex - role distinction. Caring during birth expresses the valve of life and reflects the valued traditional beliefs that human birth is given by god and a unique unifying family event reaching back to include the ancestors and foreward to later generations. In addition, We found positive and rational foundations for traditionl caring behaviors surrounding birth, these should not be stigmatized as inational or superstitious. The nurse appropriately adopts the rational and positive nature of traditional caring behaviors to promote the quality of nursing care.