• 보건행정학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study is to emphasize the importance and necessity of the government's old-age preparation service by measuring the economic value of the old-age service and the policy direction and policy implications of the government's old-age preparation service project. Methods: Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was used as an analytical method. CV methodology was used to calculate the Willingness to pay (WTP) for old-age preparation service and its value was estimated and the economic benefit of the project was estimated. Results: As a result of the analysis, the average monthly payment amount for the old service was calculated as 5,100 won, and the annual average payment amount was estimated to be 61,197.1 won. Conclusion: The present value of the benefit for 10 years with the discount rate of 5.5% is 484,651 won. Based on the value of peruser benefit, the total benefit value calculation result of the old-age preparation service considering the Willingness to pay for the next 10 years shows that the total benefit value of the old service, which occurs during the period from 2016 to 2025(10 years) was estimated at 415.1 billion won. As a result of calculating the benefit for each scenario, the present value of basic service is higher in all scenarios than the linked service.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.110-115
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• 2016

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful tool for analyzing a broad range of materials and provides localized information about the microstructure. However, the analysis results are strongly influenced by the quality of the thin foil specimen. Sample preparation for TEM analysis requires considerable skill, especially when the area of interest is small or the material of interest is difficult to thin because of its high hardness and its mechanical instability when thinned. This article selectively reviews recent advances in TEM sample preparation techniques using a tripod polisher. In particular, it introduces two typical types (fl at type and wedge type) of TEM sample preparation and the benefits and drawbacks of each method; finally, a method of making better samples for TEM analysis is suggested.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the preparation patterns of traditional fermented soybean products(jang) from the housewives living in Yangsan. 89.4% of the respondents used once a day, every meal and the frequency of eating was higher with getting older. 70% answered that the taste of their homemade doenjang was good, while only 2.5% were not be satisfied with their doenjang. According to the survey, 82.2% of the housewives used the meju made by the traditional method for jang preparation, of which perparation patterns showed remarkablely in the housewives living in the independent home. On the other hand, we could see that the amount of jang preparated one time in each home of Yangsan region was approximately 6∼10kg or 16∼20kg. The hard tasks of jang preparation were seasoning, storing and meju preparation. Especially, housewives living in the communal house had a difficulty in storing of jang. But most wants to continue to prepare jang by traditional method at home.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.557-566
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to estimate the microbial quality of some raw vegetables and to suggest a safer method of sanitization and pre-preparation in foodservice operations. The production of Dotori-muk muchim was monitored from ingredient preparation to final product and during holding at different temperatures. Three sanitization methods were performed during the preparation with crown daisy (tap water, chlorine water, electrolyzed water). The largest reduction of microbial counts was for electrolyzed water (after treatment, total plate counts were decreased to $2.76{\sim}3.76$ Log CFU/g, coliform counts were not detected). In the case before immersed in chlorine water, Performed first washing is larger the effective reduction of microbial counts than or not.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.679-684
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• 2022

Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases of rice worldwide, and the causative agent is the filamentous ascomycete Magnaporthe oryzae. With the successful cloning of more and more avirulence genes from M. oryzae, the direct extraction of M. oryzae genomic DNA from infected rice tissue would be useful alternative for rapid monitoring of changes of avirulence genes without isolation and cultivation of the pathogen. In this study, a fast, low-cost and reliable method for DNA preparation of M. oryzae from a small piece of infected single rice leaf or neck lesion was established. This single step method only required 10 min for DNA preparation and conventional chemical reagents commonly found in the laboratory. The AvrPik and AvrPi9 genes were successfully amplified with the prepared DNA. The expected DNA fragments from 570 bp to 1,139 bp could be amplified even three months after DNA preparation. This method was also suitable for DNA preparation from M. oryzae strains stored on the filter paper. All together these results indicate that the DNA preparation method established in this study is reliable, and could meet the basic needs for polymerase chain reaction-based analysis of M. oryzae.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2014

We suggest a facile transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimen preparation method for the direct (polymer-free) transfer of layer-area graphene from Cu substrates to a TEM grid. The standard (polymer-based) method and direct transfer method were by TEM, high-resolution TEM, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The folds and crystalline particles were formed in a graphene specimen by the standard method, while the graphene specimen by the direct method with a new etchant solution exhibited clean and full coverage of the graphene surface, which reduced several wet chemical steps and accompanying mechanical stresses and avoided formation of the oxide metal.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2021

This study presents the evaluation of sample extraction and purification procedure for the determination of residues of febantel and its metabolites, fenbendazole, oxfendazole and oxfendazole sulfone in rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) muscle using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Residues of febantel and its metabolites in rockfish muscle were analyzed using each different sample preparation method from Korean Food Standards Codex (KFSC), Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS, USA), and the modified FSIS method using QuEChERS kit (FSIS-Q), respectively. Each method was compared for mean recoveries and repeatabilities. Since FSIS-Q showed higher repeatabilities (coefficient of variation, CV of 2.4%~10.9%) than those of FSIS method (CV of 4.6%~17.5%), recoveries from FSIS-Q were compared with those from KFSC method. FSIS-Q showed significantly higher recoveries of 83.1%~110.1% (P < 0.05) than those from KFSC method of 64.7%~107.4%. In addition, FSIS-Q showed a good linearity over the range of 2.5~200 ㎍/kg, and excellent sensitivities with limit of detection of 0.46~0.71 ㎍/kg and limit of quantification of 1.08~2.15 ㎍/kg. Although all the sample preparation methods turned out to be able to meet CODEX guideline for all the compounds, FSIS method and FSIS-Q validated in this study could be applied to screening and quantification for residues of febantel and its metabolites in rockfish muscle with efficient preparation procedures.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2005

This study was performed to compare manual liquid-based preparation with conventional Papanicolaou tests in view of the cytologic diagnoses and specimen adequacy. The specimens of 5,979 women from 33 local clinics and 1 general hospital were prepared by both manual liquid-based preparation and conventional Papanicolaou test. The cytologic diagnoses and specimen adequacy were evaluated in Department of Fathology in Kyoungpook National University School of Medicine. A conventional Papanicolaou test was always prepared first, after that residual material on the sampling device was rinsed into a liquid preservative, and then thin-layer slides were prepared using manual method of liquid-based cervicovaginal cytology. Conventional and liquid-based slides were read independently, and cytologic diagnoses and specimen adequacy were classified using the Bethesda System. Of the cases, 5,763 (96.3%,) had the same interpretation, and there was no significant diagnostic difference in 5,853 (97.8%) cases. When evaluating cases with more than one diagnostic class difference, the manual liquid-based preparation demonstrated a statistically significant overall improvement (2.1%) in the detection of squamous intraepithelial lesion and invasive cancer. Using manual method of liquid-based preparation, there was 14.1%, reduction in unsatisfactory slides through excellent cellular presentation. In conclusion, the manual liquid-based preparation produces standardized quality, superior sensitivity and improved adequacy as compared to the conventional method.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2024

Objective : Mu-yi (蕪荑, Ulmi Semen Pasta) is the fermented product of the seeds of Ulmus macrocarpa Hance (Ulmaceae) or other species of Ulmus genus mixed with adjuvant materials. The medicinal origin and preparing method of Ulmi Semen Pasta are different from those in the past literature. Therefore, medicinal origin of Ulmi Semen Pasta and its preparation method were investigated by literature study. Methods : The classic and contemporary literatures from Korea, China, and Japan regarding to Ulmi Semem Pasta were searched to find the time-based changes of Ulmi Semen Pasta preparation and its origin. Results : The fruit or seed of U. macrocarpa has been medicinally used as Mu-yi (蕪荑) or Mu-yi-in (蕪荑仁) respectively in Korea, China, and Japan until early in 20th century. However, from the middle of the 20th century, the fermentation was performed in medicinal preparation of the fruit or seed of U. macrocarpa mixed with various adjuvant materials such as clay, Chrysanthmi Flos, Ulmi Cortex, etc. The roles or evidences of those adjuvant materials have not been clearly explained, which could not guarantee the consistent quality of Ulmi Semen Pasta. Conclusion : Current preparation method of Ulmi Semen Pasta have challenges in terms of quality maintenance, standardization, and marketing. Therefore, it is suggested that apparent evidence of current preparation method should be established or intact botanical part (seed or fruit) could be used as medicinal part.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1.1-1.11
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• 2023

Objectives: This study evaluated the dentinal penetration depth of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in root canals with and without preparation and different irrigant activation protocols. Materials and Methods: Sixty-three bovine mandibular incisors were randomly allocated to 6 groups (n = 10): G1, preparation + conventional needle irrigation (CNI); G2, preparation + passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI); G3, preparation + Odous Clean (OC); G4, no preparation + CNI; G5, no preparation + PUI; G6, no preparation + OC; and CG (negative control; n = 3). Samples were filled with crystal violet for 72 hours. Irrigant activation was performed. Samples were sectioned perpendicularly along the long axis, 3 mm and 7 mm from the apex. Images of the root thirds of each block were captured with a stereomicroscope and analyzed with an image analysis software. One-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey post hoc test, and the Student's t-test were used for data analysis, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The NaOCl penetration depth was similar when preparation was performed, regardless of the method of irrigation activation (p > 0.05). In the groups without preparation, G6 showed greater NaOCl penetration depth (p < 0.05). The groups without preparation had a greater NaOCl penetration depth than those with preparation (p = 0.0019). Conclusions: The NaOCl penetration depth was similar in groups with root canal preparation. Without root canal preparation, OC allowed deeper NaOCl penetration. The groups without preparation had greater NaOCl penetration than those undergoing root canal preparation.