• 대한간호학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.631-640
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to examine premenstrual symptoms (PMS) of shift nurses and identify the association between PMS, sleep, and occupational stress. Methods: This study was conducted with a secondary data analysis that used data from the Shift Work Nurse's Health and Turnover study. The participants were 258 nurses who were working in shifts including night shifts. PMS, sleep patterns (sleep time and sleep time variability), sleep quality, and the occupational stress of each participant were measured using the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, a sleep diary, an actigraph, the Insomnia Severity Index, and the Korean Occupational Stress Scale, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 and STATA 15.1 to obtain descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, multiple linear regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE) and Baron and Kenny's mediating analysis. Results: The average PMS score, average sleep time, average sleep time variability, average sleep quality score, and average occupational stress score of the participants was 53.95 ± 40.45, 7.52 ± 0.89 hours, 32.84 ± 8.43%, 12.34 ± 5.95, and 49.89 ± 8.98, respectively. A multiple linear regression analysis with GEE indicated that sleep time variability (B = 0.86, p = .001), and sleep quality (B = 2.36, p < .001) had negative effects on nurses' PMS. We also found that sleep quality had a complete mediating effect in the relationship between occupational stress and PMS. Conclusion: These findings indicate that both sleep time variability and sleep quality are important factors associated with PMS among shift work nurses. To improve shift nurses' PMS status, strategies are urgently needed to decrease sleep time variability and increase sleep quality.

• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2008

Purpose: Although premsnstrual syndromes(PMS) have long been recognized, there has been difficulty to evaluate the symtoms. Usually the questionnaire has been used to dignose the PMS. Objective is to investigate the relationship of body temperature between women with PMS and without PMS. Methods: We studied 23 patients visiting OO hospital from 26th December 2005 to 26th April 2006. The Questionnaire for PMS was used to evaluate physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms accompanying the menstrual cycle of the subjects. The subjects were categorized in two groups, non-PMS(11) and PMS group(12). Body temperature was assessed by Dorex spectrum 9000MB (DOREX Inc., USA). We measured CV4, CV3, CV12 and CV17 to evaluate the distribution of body temperature, compared the difference of temperature(${\Delta}T$) between CV17-CV4, CV17-CV3, CV17-CV12 and CV12-CV3. We investigated the of temperature and ${\Delta}T$ between two groups by Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The temperature of CV3 and CV4 of PMS located in low abdomen were lower than those of non-PMS located in chest. But there was no statistical significance of temperature between two groups. There was lower temperature of low abdomen in PMS group than non-PMS group without statistical significance. Conclusion: The results suggest that DITI could be useful to assess the PMS objectively. But more research should be needed.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2008

Purpose: Although premsnstrual syndromes(PMS) have long been recognized, there has been difficulty to evaluate the symtoms. Usually the questionnaire has been used to dignose the PMS. Objective is to investigate the relationship of body temperature between women with PMS and without PMS. Methods: We studied 23 patients visiting ㅇㅇ hospital from 26th December 2005 to 26th April 2006. The Questionnaire for PMS was used to evaluate physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms accompanying the menstrual cycle of the subjects. The subjects were categorized in two groups, non-PMS(11) and PMS group(12). Body temperature was assessed by Dorex spectrum 9000MB (DOREX Inc.. USA). We measured CV4, CV3, CV12 and CV17 to evaluate the distribution of body temperature, compared the difference of temperature(${\Delta}T$) between CV17-CV4, CV17-CV3, CV17-CV12 and CV12-CV3. We investigated the of temperature and ${\Delta}T$ between two groups by Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The temperature of CV3 and CV 4 of PMS located in low abdomen were lower than those of non-PMS located in chest. But there was no statistical significance of temperature between two groups. There was lower temperature of low abdomen in PMS group than non-PMS group without statistical significance. Conclusion: The results suggest that DITI could be useful to assess the PMS objectively. But more research should be needed.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.174-185
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the improvement of recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and chief complaint including dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome after Korean medicine treatment. Methods: The patient who diagnosed CIN even after undergoing two times of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and complained dysmenorrhea with premenstrual syndrome was treated by acupuncture, moxibustion and herbal medicine as Ojeok-san-gami-bang along with mistletoe extract injection (Abnobaviscum^®). The effect of treatment was evaluated by the results of liquid based cytology and HPV genotyping. Other symptoms were evaluated according to the patient's subjective complaint. Results: Before the treatment, the result of cytology was low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and a low-risk group for HPV was detected. At the first examination after treatment, cytology showed negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy and the HPV genotyping was negative. The result showed negative findings in 3 consecutive follow-up tests. In addition, the chief complaint and general conditions were improved. Conclusion: This study shows that the recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was improved after the Korean traditional treatment and it can be effective medical alternatives or options for patients receiving mistletoe injection during follow-up.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.142-150
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• 2024

Objective: Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is a disorder characterized by impaired ovarian function. Sleep disorders are disruptions of the circadian rhythm, which appears to be closely linked to reproductive systems. This study aimed to investigate the impact of poor sleep quality on the ovarian reserve of childbearing-age women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in China from June 2021 to March 2023. In total, 102 participants diagnosed with chronic insomnia disorder were included in the study. Questionnaires were administered to assess participants' menstrual patterns, insomnia severity, anxiety, and depression. The anti-Müllerian hormone level and the basal antral follicle count were measured for ovarian reserve evaluation. Correlation analysis and ordinal logistic regression analysis were conducted. Results: The women with insomnia presented high percentages of hypomenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, and dysmenorrhea (78.4%, 74.5%, and 46.1%, respectively). Severe sleep disorder in the past month was identified as an independent risk factor for hypomenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome (odds ratio [OR], 2.64 and OR, 2.688; p<0.05). The prevalence of DOR among women with insomnia (33.3%) was significantly higher than the average reported in previous studies for young women. Insomnia duration exceeding 1 year was determined to be an independent risk factor for DOR in women aged 36 to 40 years (OR, 4.5; p=0.033). Conclusion: This study highlights the association between sleep disorders and menstrual problems. Prolonged poor sleep quality in women aged 36 to 40 years was identified as a significant risk factor for DOR. We should pay more attention to improving sleep quality in order to maintain normal ovarian function.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2012

Objectives: We have studied the syndrome differentiation of ultrasound of retroverted uterus(RU) as the inspection in traditional Korean medicine. Methods: Eighty-four patients, who visited H clinic for infertility treatment, were recruited and evaluated by questionnaires and ultrasound, from April, 2012 to May, 2012. We used ultrasound(Logiq C3; GE Health care) for examination of RU. For statistics, we used Fisher's extract test to evaluate the RU and symptoms, and Chi-square test to evaluated the RU and syndrome differentiations, and Student T-test for the relationship between RU and each score of syndrome differentiation, using PASW Statistics(version 18.0.0) and GraphPad Prism(version 5.01). Results: 1. RU was correlated with moderate or severe dysmenorrhea and premenstrual lower abdominal pain. 2. In syndrome differentiation, blood stasis questionnaire was correlated with RU. 3. RU was related with dysmenorrhea, mass of low abdomen, pressure pain, clod of menstrual blood, dyspareunia. Conclusions: The ultrasound of RU might be related with the syndrome of blood stasis.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.267-280
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• 2013

Objective : One of the unique syndromes in Asian traditional medicine named 'heat entering the blood chamber(熱入血室, HEBC)' first appeared in Shanghanlun(傷寒論) and Jinguiyaolue(金匱要略) written by Zhangzhongjing(張仲景) who is the most famous doctor in ancient China. Method : Through comparison between Huangdineijing(黃帝內經), Shanghanlun(傷寒論), Jinguiyaolue(金匱要略) and other medical texts, the correct meaning, causes and mechanisms of HEBC can be analysed and organized to suggest new view of HEBC in modern society. Result : This syndrome is usually occurred in women during catching cold and menstruation, accompanying alternation of chillness and fever, pseudo-malaria, delirium, raveled chest(結胸), uterine hemorrhage, etc. The main sign of this syndrome, delirium belongs to the category of liver disease and fever in Huangdineijing(黃帝內經) which is a document more early published than Shanghanlun. Although there are still many other comprehensions about what blood chamber is, it could be the same as uterus according to Huangdineijing, it is relevant to the control of menstruation and emotions, and the function of liver and thoroughfare vessel(衝脈). Conclusion : HEBC is a syndrome exclusive to women, caused by their unique physical and psychological characteristics. It's beginning can be found in Huangdineijing, and by Shanghanlun and Jinguiyaolue, its concept as a single disease pattern becomes established. In other words, HEBC is a complex disease related to menstruation and its related hormonal dysfunctions, closely related to PMS, menopausal syndrome of today. Physical symptoms accompanied by psychological anxiety and fear is characteristic of this condition. Therefore gynecological approaches as well as socio-cultural issues related to women in modern society must be adopted when dealing with HEBC.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2006

연구목적 : 월경전기 증후군은 생리 주기에 따라 가임기 여성의 75%가량이 겪는 흔한 현상으로 생리전에 증상이 시작하여 생리후에 증상이 가라앉는 증후군이다. 이 월경전기 증후군은 월경전 불쾌장애와 더불어 여성의 우울 증상과 연관이 있는 것으로 보고되고 있으며, 최근에는 다른 심리적 요소와의 연관성도 보고되고 있다. 분노와 감정표현불능증(alexithymia)는 일반적으로 정신신체장애와 연관이 있는 것으로 보고되고 있으나 월경전기증후군에서의 연관성은 거의 밝혀진 바가 없다. 이에 저자 등은 월경전기 증후군과 분노, 감정표현불능증과의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 서울, 경기, 경북지역에 거주하는 여성 377명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구 도구로는 1달 동안 매일 자신의 생리주기에 따라 증상을 보고하도록 하는 Daily record of Severity of Problems (DRSP)와 생리전 시기에 작성하도록 한 Shortened Premenstrual Assessment Form(SPAF), Anger Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale 등으로 하였다. DRSP와 SPAE로 평가한 월경전기 증후군 125명과 비월경전기 증후군 여성 58명을 대상으로 분노와 감정표현불능증 수준을 통계적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 월경전기 증후군 여성들이 비월경전기 증후군 여성들보다 분노억제 (t=2.0, p=0.04), 분노전체(t=3.1, p=0.00) 점수가 유의하게 더 높았다. 월경전기 증후군 여성들이 비월경전기 증후군 여성들 보다 유의하게 감정표현불능증증 점수가 더 높았다(t=2.0, p=0.04). 월경전 불쾌장애 의심 환자와 일반 월경전기 증후군 여성, 비월경전기 증후군여성 3군으로 나누어 분노 수준과 감정표현 불능증 수준을 비교한 결과도 월경전 불쾌장애 의심 환자가 비월경전기 증후군 여성보다 유의하게 분노억제수준이 더 높았으며(F=4.6, p=0.01), 월경전 불쾌장애 의심 환자가 일반 월경전기 증후군 여성보다(F=5.1, p=0.01) 그리고 비월경전기 증후군 여성(F=5.1, p=0.03) 보다 유의하게 더 분노전체 점수가 높았다. 사회인구학적 변인 가운데 연령과 임신여부는 각 군간 유의한 차이를 보였으나 SPAF 및 분노, 감정표현불능증과 유의한 상관관계는 보이지 않았다. 결론: 월경전기 증후군여성들이 비월경전기 증후군 여성보다 분노 억압점수 및 분노전체점수(anger total)가 각각 유의하게 더 높았다. 또한 월경전기 증후군 여성들은 비월경전기 증후군 여성들보다 감정표현불능증 점수가 유의하게 더 높았다. 상기 결과는 월경전기 증후군 여성의 증상이 분노와 감정표현 불능증과 연관되어 있을 가능성을 시사한다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.239-257
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• 2007

Purpose : In the part of Ob & Gy disease, the health insurance application is very limited. This study has been performed for gaining the basic data of enlargement of insurance coverage and reform of the insurance system corresponded with real clinical conditions. Methods : The survey has been practiced twice, the subjective questionnaire was used at the first survey. Then the questionnaire written using the results of first survey was distributed to the Korean medical doctors(KMD) who participated in the autumn symposium of the society of Oriental Obstetrics & Gynecology. Results : 1. The main Ob & Gy disease that the acupuncture treatment has been used actually or thought be positively necessary on the clinic were Dysmenorrhea(including premenstrual syndrome), Climacteric syndrome, Menstrual disorder, Postpartum Pain syndrome. Amenorrhea, Low back pain with pregnancy, JingHa(pelvic tumor), Infertility etc. 2. The main additional complex the sick and wounded names given to visiting patients for Ob & Gy disease as the limits of acupuncture items of insurance coverage were Low back Pain(J10), Qi-stasis(B13.0), SimHwaHangYeom(C2l.1). 3. Suitable the sick and wounded name of Ob & Gy disease thought be added in BokGangNae(Intra-abdominal acupuncture: CV13 ${\cdot}$CV16${\cdot}$CV10). TuJa(Puncture each adjoining acu-points in one insertion : SP6-GB39), TuJa(PC6-TE5) among acupuncture items of insurance coverage were Dysmenorrhea(K05). Menstrual disorder(K02) and Dysmenorrhea(K05), Hyperemesis(K16.0). 4. Climacteric syndrome(K04) and Dysmenorrhea(K05) should be added as suitable the sick and wounded name of TuJa(SP6-GB39), and Postpartum pain syndrome(K29) as KwanJeolGangNea(Intra-articular acupuncture: S35, LE201). Conclusion : Standing on this study, additional survey to general KMD should be continued. And the academic verifications through the oriental medical literatures and RCT papers on acupuncture should be also required.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.79-96
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was to investigate clinical usage of Guibi-tang based on actual application in obstetrics and gynecology. Methods: This study investigated the number of patients who were prescribed Guibi-tang-gami-bang and what herbal medicines were adjusted according to their chief complaint from January 1st, 2007 to August 31th, 2008. Results: The number of patients who were prescribed Guibi-tang for obstetrics and gynecological diseases at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology was 721. Guibi-tang has been used to treat menstrual irregularity, postpartum general weakness, postpartum pantalgia, perimenopausal symptoms and postmenopausal syndrome most frequently. And Guibi-tang has been widely used in obstetric and gynecologic diseases such as general weakness after abortion or gynecological surgery, pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, uterine myoma, endometriosis, infertility, premenstrual syndrome, urinary incontinence and breast disease. Conclusions: Guibi-tang can be used in obstetric and gynecologic diseases as described in classical oriental medicine literatures, and it is necessary to research clinical usage of Guibi-tang through randomized controlled trial.