• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.33 no.A
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• pp.3-8
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• 2013

Reduction of risk plays a pivotal role in the development of medical instruments. A hyperbaric oxygen chamber, as a medical device, is known to help medical therapy for diversity of diseases through provision of high purity oxygen. The use of hyperbaric oxygen is expected to increase in the future and study to rigorously examine reliability and safety is needed. We have performed risk assessment for a newly developed hyperbaric oxygen chamber in this study. We first briefly discussed the system structure and concept of risk assessment for the study. Based on the hazards identified, we performed preliminary hazard analysis for the chamber.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.279-297
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• 2005

The purpose of this preliminary study was to test the validity and reliability Sexual Development Assessment Scale for Adolescents. Subjects were 579 middle school and 504 high school students in Seoul and Gyeonggido. Statistical analyses were by factor analyses, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, $x^2$ value and Cramer's V. Construct validity was composed with 10 factors on sexual Development Assessment Scale for middle school students and 12 factors for high school students. Reliability of each subscale was high and the item discrimination, $x^2$ value and Cramer's V were also meaningful.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-120
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• 2000

In the Step of preliminary ship design a designer should decide a economic ship. The economic ship has the least building cost to a annual freight amount satisfying a given design condition That is RFR is minimum among alternatives.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.97-102
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to suggest complementary measures to the statute legalizing the expansion of living space to balcony, by means of survey on the recognition and preference of preliminary applicants for new apartments. The survey was done on 130 preliminary applicants who visited 3 model houses opened in Cheongju in June to July, 2006. Conclusions are as follows. (1) Most of preliminary applicants knew that the expansion of living space to balcony were legalized, but were not quite aware of legal details, so that more active publicity is needed by the government. In addition, if the government has a plan to impose tax to expanded space, it has to make clear the definition of the balcony space. (2) Preliminary applicants wanted space expansion of living room, main bed room and children's bed room in order, which implies that constructors have to suggest variety of expansion plans overpassing simple space expansion. (3) Preliminary applicants attached importance on the safety of expanded space. The management office is recommended to have the right to superintend its safety after construction.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.525-538
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• 2023

The development of a city is closely linked to the construction and operation of its subway system. However, constructing a new subway tunnel under an existing station is an extremely complex task, and the deformation characteristics and mechanical behavior of the new subway tunnel during the excavation process can greatly impact the normal operation of the existing station. Although the previous studies about the case of underpass engineering have been carried out, there is limited research on the condition of a newly-built subway tunnel that closely undercrossing an existing station with zero distance between them. Therefore, this study analyzes the deformation law and mechanical behavior characteristics of the preliminary lining of the underpass tunnel during the excavation process based on the real engineering case of Chengdu Metro Line 8. This study also makes an in-depth comparison of the influence of different excavation methods on this issue. Finally, the accuracy of numerical simulation is verified by comparing it with on-site result. The results indicate that the maximum bending moment mainly occurs at the floor slab of the preliminary lining, while that of the ceiling is small. The stress state at the ceiling position is less affected by the construction process of the pilot tunnel. Compared to the all-in-one excavation method, although the process of partial excavation method is more complicated, the deformation of preliminary lining caused by it is basically less than the upper limit value of the standard, while that of the all-in-one excavation method is beyond standard requirements.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.41-59
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• 2011

This preliminary study held in two Indonesian state-owned enterprises (SOEs) showed empirical evidence that top management commitment was perceived to be the most important critical factor contributing to enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation success, compared to top management support and top management involvement. Therefore, top management and middle management must continually show commitment during the ERP implementation process. This finding could serve as a reference for further study in a larger number of Indonesian SOEs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.444-458
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop the Job Esteem Scale for Korean Nurses (JES-KN) and verify its validity and reliability. Methods: Preliminary items were based on the attributes and indicators elicited from a concept analysis study on Korean nurses' job-esteem. The final preliminary tool for the main survey was confirmed through the content validity test of 10 experts and preliminary survey of 20 hospital nurses. The final preliminary scale was used on 350 hospital nurses in the scale testing phase for the main survey designed to test the validity and reliability of the scale. Results: The final scale consisted of 28 items and 6 factors, these factor explained 66.6% of the total variance. The correlation between the total score and factors ranged from .64 and .84, validating that each sub-factor is suitable to explain job esteem. The correlation coefficient between this scale and the Job Satisfaction Scale for Clinical Nurses ranged from .41 to .70, and the internal consistency for the scale using Cronbach's α for the total items was .94. Conclusion: The JES-KN is a valid and reliable tool that reflects the reality of clinical sites accordingly. The JES-KN may well be used effectively to assess and evaluate the job esteem of Korean nurses.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1988

Most of all methods of determining the preliminary orbit of an artificial Earth satellite are reviewed. The preliminary orbits of the methorological satellite NOAA-10 are determined using the studied methods and are compared with mean orbital elements determined at NASA. Through the comparision the preliminary orbital elements determined with Gauss type methods are more approximate to those of NASA than those calculated with Laplacian type ones. Our results indicate that Taff(1984)'s criticism on the Gauss method must be abandoned and Marsden (1985)'s analysis on the method is correct.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.393-400
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• 2010

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute has been developing one mobile satellite laser ranging system named as accurate ranging system for geodetic observation-mobile (ARGO-M). Preliminary design of ARGO-M operation system (AOS) which is one of the ARGO-M subsystems was completed in 2009. Preliminary design results are applied to the following development phase by performing detailed design with analysis of pre-defined requirements and analysis of the derived specifications. This paper addresses the preliminary design of the whole AOS. The design results in operation and control part which is a key part in the operation system are described in detail. Analysis results of the interface between operation-supporting hardware and the control computer are summarized, which is necessary in defining the requirements for the operation-supporting hardware. Results of this study are expected to be used in the critical design phase to finalize the design process.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.451-474
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze error patterns third-year middle school students make on quadratic function graph problems and to examine about the possible correct them by providing supplementary tutoring. To exam the error patterns that occur during problem solving processes, to 82 students, We provided 25 quadratic function graph problems in the preliminary-test. The 5 types of errors was conceptual errors, false intuition errors, incorrect use of conditions in problems, technical errors, and errors from slips or carelessness. Statistical analysis of the preliminary-test and post-test shows that achievement level was higher in the post-test, after supplementary tutoring, and the t-test proves this to be meaningful data. According to the per subject analyses, the achievement level in the interest of symmetry, parallel translation, and general graph, respectively, were all higher in the post-test than the preliminary-test and this is meaningful data as well. However, no meaningful relation could be found between the preliminary-test and the post-test on other subjects such as graph remodeling and relations positions of the parabola. For the correction of errors, try the appropriate feedback and various teaching and learning methods.