• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.99-108
• /
• 1996

The purpose of the survey was to identify the degree and the relationship of sexual knowledge, sexual attitude and need of sex education. This information will provide useful data for a more systematic. desirable, and practical sex education. The data was collected from 300 first grade schoolchildren (150 boys and 150 girls) of two Junior high school in K city. The data was gathered by questionnaire from Nov.21 to 28, 1995. The questionnaire was modified by authors using the questionnaire developed by Lief & Reed. Data was analyzed by using the statistical computer package, SAS to manipulate the data along with percentages, means, standard deviation, t-test, $X^2$-test, GLM, and Pearson correlation coeffiency. The results in this study were summarized as follows: 1. Sexual knowledge. - The mean score of sexual knowledges showed no significant differences between boys and girls(p<0.6180), but in the areas of biological differences(boys; $11.57{\pm}2.43$, girls; $10.93{\pm}2.41$, p<0.0242), and pregnancy physiology(boys; $9.28{\pm}1.87$, girls; $10.04{\pm}2.42$, p<0.0026) showed significant difference between boys and girls. 2. Sexual attitudes. - The mean score of sexual attitudes showed no significant difference between boys and girls (p<0.8286), but in the areas of masturbation (boys : $6.69{\pm}2.22$, girls : $5.65{\pm}1.88$, p<0.0001), and premarital intercourse (boys : $5,42{\pm}1.35$, girls : $6.00{\pm}1.33$, p<0.0002) showed significant difference between boys and girls 3. Need of sex education. - The majority of the subjects wanted to learn about sexual delinquency and it's prevention(57.7%), form a friendship with the other sex(56.3%), physical differences of the other sex(52.0%), psychological differences and the charateriatics of the other sex (50.3%) and meaning of love(50.3%). 4. The relationships between sexual knowledges and sexual attitudes. - Those who had higher sexual knowledges showed more positive attitudes towards sex, and showed statistical significance(r=0.2074, p<0.0003). 5. The relationships between general charateristics and sexual knowledge. - Better students(by self-perception of school performance) had higher knowledge scores about sex. 6. The relationships between general charateristics and sexual attitudes. - Those who wanted to learn more about sex, and better students had higher attitude scores about sex. - Those who were in high standard of living had higher attitude scores about sex as well. Suggestions based on above study are as follows' 1. The planned sex education showed be performed to the schoolchildren establish responsible attitudes about sex. 2. Systematic sex education through formal school education according to age is recommended. 3. Further studies should be done to measure the effect of sex education based on the needs of the schoolchildren.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.118-131
• /
• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to provide essential data for the development of a prenatal healthcare intervention program tailored to Vietnamese migrant women. This study assessed the knowledge and the practice of prenatal health management, and the levels of depression among Vietnamese women of childbearing age residing in Korea and Vietnam. Methods: Using a descriptive research design, a structured questionnaire was administered to Vietnamese women of childbearing age, with 113 participants residing in Korea and 196 participants residing in Vietnam. Data was collected from Februay to April 2021. Data was analyzed using t-test and chi-square test. Result: The analysis of knowledge regarding prenatal health management revealed significant differences between married women in both locations, with higher knowledge scores. Regarding prenatal health management practices, no significant differences were found based on marital status or place of residence. Particularly in the item "Will receive regular prenatal check-ups at the hospital." married Vietnamese women in Vietnam had lower scores than unmarried women, and rural women had lower scores than urban women. The lowest score was observed among Korean-residing women in the item "Will seek pregnancy and childbirth information." Regarding depression, married women in Vietnam and women living in rural areas demonstrated significantly higher depression scores. Conclusion: When designing perinatal management interventions for Vietnamese immigrant women, special attention should be given to those originating from rural areas in Vietnam. It is recommended to incorporate the importance of perinatal healthcare and factors related to mental well-being into the intervention program.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.226-236
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to get descriptive statistics of the contributing factors for early childhood caries and to predict the relationship of dietary, behavior factors and health status factors of the mother and child at pregnancy and after birth. 411 first caregivers of 5-year-old children in 12 kindergartens in Kangnung city were selected by stratified random cluster sampling. They were asked to fill out questionnaires and 364 of them responded. The obtained results were as follow: 1. Over the three-Fourth of children used nursing bottle or had breast feeding habit beyond the age of 1 year. 2. 8.7% of respondents didn't recognize the necessity of the preventive measures immediate after eruption of primary tooth, and only 35.1% replied that they had begun tooth cleaning. 3. Over 90% of children brush the teeth more than once per day. But over half (614%) of them brush their teeth without parents instruction. Sixty percent of children eat between the meals as often as 1-3 time(s) a day and the remainder at any times. 4. The first time of dental visit was for most children (87%) at over 3 years, recommending the earlier dental visit. Notwithstanding the rate of routine dental visit experience was relatively high(40.2%), implicating positive parents' attitude about oral health at Kangnung area. 5. The relationships between oral health state of the parents and the variables such as the timing of the first tooth cleaning, the frequency of brushing, the time of first dental visit, and the reason of first dental visit were not statistically significant. Together, there was no statistically significant difference between rural and urban area, private and public kindergarten, and boy and girl($x^2-test$, p>.05 or Fisher's exact test, p>.05).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.577-583
• /
• 2007

It is important to obtain semen with good quality for efficient fertilization and pregnancy. To obtain these semen, various methods have been developed but most of these methods are time consuming and require costly equipment. Therefore, the objective of this research is to investigate the usability of column filtration system as quick and simple method to get sperm with better quality. Ejaculates were obtained from 5 dogs and analyzed with basic quality parameters before each filtration. Sperm concentration was adjusted to $5{\times}10^7/ml$ after dilution. The experimental groups were divided into non-filtered group(control) and filtered groups(glass wool, Sephadex 5% and Sephadex 20%). Ejaculates were filtered through each filter system and assessed by recovery rate of sperm, motility, normal morphology, CFDA/PI stain and plasma membrane integrity(hypo-osmotic swelling test, HOST). The lowest recovery rate of spermatozoa was recorded in glass wool filtration group, followed by 20% Sephadex filtration group(p<0.05). There was no significant difference between control(non-filtered) and 5% Sephadex filtration poop. Also, there was no significant difference of sperm motility assessed under light microscope among experimental groups. Morphological normality of canine spermatozoa was the highest in the glass wool filtration group and the lowest in the 5% Sephadex filtration group with no significant differences versus 20% Sephadex filtration and control group, respectively(p<0.05). Viability of canine sperm assessed by CFCA/PI staining was the highest in the glass wool filtration poop with no significant difference versus the control group, and the lowest in the 20% Sephadex filtration group with no significant difference versus 5% Sephadex filtration group, respectively(p<0.05). HOS values of canine sperm was the highest in the 20% Sephadex filtration group with no significant difference versus 5% Sephadex filtration group, and the lowest in the control poop with no significant difference versus glass wool filtration group, respectively(p<0.05). Therefore, these results indicated that filtration treatment for extended canine sperm would be useful method to get sperm with better quality by trapping the damaged sperm, consequently filter would be physical barrier against injured or immotile sperm.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.20-39
• /
• 2020

Objectives: This study was performed to examine the domestic study trends on premature ovarian failure (POF) treated with Korean medicine. Methods: We investigated the studies on Korean medicine treatment for premature ovarian failure via searching 4 online databases. Results: 13 clinical studies were selected. All studies were the noncomparative studies, and mainly case reports. Studies were publicated from 2001 to 2019 and the number of studies with 1 subject was the greatest (76.9%). In accompanying symptoms, there was a study which did not report entire cases. In the 11 case reports (13 subjects), the most accompanying symptoms was hot flush (69.2%). In treatment of premature ovarian failure, the most used treatment was herbal medicine, which was used in all studies. Acupuncture treatment was used in 6 studies (46.2%) and moxibustion treatment was used in 8 studies (61.5%). The most common acupuncture point was 內關 (SP6) in acupuncture treatment, and was 關元 (CV4) in moxibustion treatment. The duration of treatment was between 1 month and 20 months, the average 7.76 months. Used outcome measurements were hormone test (84.6%), menstruation (76.9%), Visual analog sclale (VAS) (15.4%), ultrasonography (15.4%), Numeral rating scale (NRS), Body basal temperature (BBT) and Kupperman index (7.7%). In total 70 subjects, 13 subjects (18.6%) became pregnancy and 25 subjects (35.7%) had no effect. Follow up was reported in 6 studies, and the average duration of follow up was 141.63 days. Conclusions: Further clinical trials are needed to establish the evidence for Korean Medicine treatment for premature ovarian failure.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2003

연구목적: 일반적으로 IVF-ET에서 가장 높은 임신율을 얻는 방법은 5 day ET (배반포기 배아 이식)이지만 장기간 배양이 적절하지 못한 경우에는 $2{\sim}4$일째에 ET를 실시하고 나서 $5{\sim}7$일째에 배반포기에 도달한 배아를 재이식 (SET)하여, SET의 효용성에 대하여 조사하고자 실시하였다. 연구재료 및 방법: 48주기의 환자에서 회수한 난자와 수정란은 10%와 20% hFF가 첨가한 DMEM에서 이식 직전까지 각각 공배양하였다. 채란 2일 (group I, day 2 ET), 5일째 이식 (group II, day 5 ET) 또는 재이식 (group III, SET; 2-5, 2-6, 2-7, 3-5, 4-7일)을 실시하면서 수정률, 할구분할률 및 임신율을 각각 비교하였다. 결과에 대한 통계 분석을 SAS (version 6.2)를 이용한 Duncan's Multiple Range Test를 이용하여 p값이 0.05 보다 작을 때 통계적으로 유의차가 있는 것으로 하였다. 결 과: 수정률은 group II (90.5%)가 다른 군에 비하여 높게 (p<0.05) 나타났다 (group I: 80.6%; group III: 82.9%). 할구분할률은 군간에 차이가 없었다 (수정란 당 $93.3{\sim}99.1%$). 임상적 임신율은 group II와 III (각각 58.3%)가 group I (33.3%) 보다 높게 나타났다. 그러나 처리군이 적어서 통계적인 차이는 없었다. 결 론: 배반포기 배아를 단독 이식하는 것이 임신율을 높일 수 있는 최선의 방법으로 나타났지만, 채란수가 적거나 수정률이 저조한 경우에는 $2{\sim}4$일째에 ET를 실시한 후 여분의 배아를 배반포기까지 배양한 다음 $5{\sim}7$일에 재이식 (SET)하면 blastocyst ET에서 나타날 수 있는 이식 자체의 실패를 방지할 수 있으면서 임신율을 높일 수 있는 이식 기법이 될 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.373-381
• /
• 1989

The aim of the present study was to test the efficiency of estrous induction in the premature, metestrous and anestrous bitches. The estrus was induced with prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$, estradiol-$17{\beta}$, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) in the treatment A, and with PMSG and HCG in the treatment B. Day 0 was the first day of estrone injection in the treatment A and the day of PMSG injection in the treatment B. Twenty three of the twenty six bitches were laparotomized under general anesthesia between 11 and 18 days after onset of behavioral estrus, whereas three bitches were not laparotomized and remained until parturition. Ovarian responses were evaluated with the total number of corpora lutea or ovulation sites. The uterine horns were flushed with phosphate-buffered saline added heat treated canine serum(10%), the flushing media was collected into watch glass and the ova were examined under stereomicroscope. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Standing estrus was observed on the day $17.7{\pm}1.5$ after injection of estrone in the treament A, but ovarian responses were not detectable. 2. Standing estrus was observed on the day $12.2{\pm}0.2$ after injection of PMSG in the treament Band 14 of 17 bitches showed ovarian responses. Ova were recovered in 9 of the 14 bitches. 3. Ovarian responses were observed in one of the three premature bitches. two of the three metestrous bitches and all of the 11 anestrous bitches. The average number of the ova collected from 9 bitchs were $12.2{\pm}1.4$. 4. Three bitches in the treament B exhibited behavioural estrus and all of them were mated with fertile male dog, resulting the pregnancy in only one bitch. The pregnant bitch gave the birth of two pups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.45-55
• /
• 2003

This study was focused on comparing the knowledge, attitudes and experiences in sex and the needs for sex education of nursing students and non-nursing students. The subjects of this study were 403 female students who attended 4 universities in Busan. The data was collected from November 2002 to December, and analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard variance, t-test and Chi-square. The results were as follows: 1. The mean score of sex knowledge of the nursing students was 13.29 and the non-nursing students's was 11.11. There was a difference(p=0.000) between nursing and non-nursing students in sex knowledge. 2. The mean score of sex attitude of nursing and non-nursing students was 25.64, 26.65 respectively. There was no statistical difference. 3. 61.8% of the nursing students and 62.3% of the non-nursing students had experienced a relation with the opposite sex. Kissing experience was 59.9%, 61.8% and masturbation was 9.5%, 9.2% respectively. Sexual intercourse was 5.3%, 11.9% and contraception was 1.9%, 8.2% respectively. Among these experiences, sexual intercourse and contraception experience rate were different(p=0.017, p=0.002 respectively) between nursing and non-nursing students. 4. Of 19 sexual education contents, only 'the dignity of life' showed a difference. That is, more nursing students(92.9%) wanted to know about 'the dignity of life' than non-nursing students(85.7%). Among the respcndent's needs on the sexual education contents, 'Contraception' was rated first and followed by 'Sex psychology of men and women', 'Pregnancy', 'Prevention of sexual crime' and 'Sexually transmitted diseases'. Most of the respcndents(95.8%) wanted sex education introduced in the :first year of university, and presented as a special class. Specifically, 50.0% of the students wanted the education to be more realistic and systemic. With the above results, when university faculties are sexual educating to university students, they have to aware of the difference of target students. And they need to stress more realistic and specific aspect of sexual education learning rather than theoretical teaching.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.124-137
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the need for sex education in middle school students Research subjects were 194 students who attended at I seminary in B city. The period of data collection was from July to August, 2001. Research instrument was composed of 61 structured items 17 items related to demographics and sex, 44 items related to the need of sex education. Data were collected through the self-report method by the researcher and one trained assistant. The instrument developed by the researchers was employed to measure the need of sex education and it's Cronbach's $\alpha$ = 0.9349 in this research. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage factor analysis and t-test using SPSS WIN Program. The findings of this study are summarized as follows : 1. The highest score among characteristics of sex was 'less interest about sex(42.6%)', 39.0% of subjects got information about sex from friends or elders. 52.3% of subjects consulted friends or elders about sex problems. The number of sex education lessons was 1-2 times in school during last semester (61.0%). Education by the school nurse was 35.9% to students. 43.1% of subjects announced moderate satisfaction on sex education. 2. The mean score of the need for sex education was $2.88{\pm}0.47$ (lowest value 1, highest 4). The most wanted sex education factor was 'chastity and sexual responsibility($3.33{\pm}0.67$)' and followed by 'family and marriage ($3.26{\pm}0.62$)' and 'considerations of sex($3.07{\pm}0.69$)'. Meanwhile, the lowest wanted sex education factor is 'physiological characteristics of male ($2.47{\pm}0.72$)', followed by 'sexual behavior ($2.49{\pm}0.75$)'. The most wanted sex education item was 'the meaning of family ($3.54{\pm}0.75$)' and followed by 'the cautions to prevention from sexual abuse ($3.49{\pm}0.78$)' and sexual activity and responsibility($3.43{\pm}0.77$)'. Meanwhile, the lowest wanted sex education item is 'masturbation ($2.16{\pm}0.97$)', followed by 'circumcision($2.32{\pm}0.97$)'. 3. There is no significant difference between boys and girls in mean score about the need for sex education(t=-.715, p=.476). Sex education factor that girl-students wanted was 'physiological characteristics of female'. Sex education factor that boy-students wanted was 'family and marriage'. Sex education items that girl-students wanted were 'cautions during menstruation', the relation of ovulation and pregnancy', caution to prevention from sexual abuse' and sexual behavior and responsibility'. Sex education items that boy-students wanted were 'the meaning of family', 'the importance of marriage', 'male's sex organs', 'a wet dream', 'the method to resolve sexual curiosity', 'sexual intercourse' and 'the connection with the other sex'. In conclusion, the mean score of the need for sex education is medium. The route to attain knowledge about sex and sexual problem is through consulting friends and elders. Therefore, it is necessary to give sex education that is suitable to the subject's needs and methods. Also, it is necessary to give differently strong point about sex education between female and male students.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.223-231
• /
• 2003

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical efficiency of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal aneuploidy. Methods: We reviewed data of 268 cases to identify women undergoing genetic amniocentesis at cytogenetic laboratory, from January 2000 to December 2002. Amniotic fluid was submitted for both rapid FISH on uncultured interphase amniocytes using a commercially available DNA probe for chromosome 13, 18, 21, X, Y and standard karyotyping on cultured metaphase amniocytes. Results from FISH and full karyotype were compared. Results: There were 251 cases (84%) normal and 17 cases (16%) abnormal in FISH results. All 17 cases of trisomy 13, 18, 21 including two cases of mosaicism and sex chromosome aneuploidies which are detected by FISH were confirmed with conventional cytogenetics and there was no false positive result. Twenty two cases had karyotypically proven abnormalities that could not have been detected by the targeted FISH. Conclusion: Interphase FISH analysis of uncultured amniotic fluid cells has been shown to be an effective and reliable technique for rapid fetal aneuploidy screening during pregnancy as an adjunctive test to conventional cytogenetics.